• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.498-503
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• 1999

Protease produced from Bacillus sp. FSE-68 was isolated from Meju, a Korean fermented soybean starter, and was purified by a two-consecutive aqueous two-phase system. The change of partition coefficient (K) in the polyethylene glycol (PEG)/potassium phosphate buffer (PPB) aqueous two-phase system was measured at different pHs (6.0- 9.2), PPB concentrations (8-12%), and temperatures (4 and $20^{\circ}C$). As the PPB concentration in the aqueous two-phase system increased, the protease concentration in the top phase (PEG-rich phase) increased, thereby enhancing the partition coefficient. The minimum partition coefficient of the protease was achieved at pH 7.0, whereas that of the total protein was at pH 6.0. The biggest difference in partition coefficients of total protein and protease occurred at pH 6.0. It was interesting to note that the partition coefficient of protease decreased as the temperature increased. The optimum condition of the primary aqueous two-phase extraction of Bacillus sp. FSE-68 was pH 6.0, 14% (w/w) PPB, and 16% (w/w) PEG at $4^{\circ}C$, and the crude enzyme concentration in this system was 50% (w/w). The protease, which was concentrated in the top phase, was further mixed with 15% (w/w) PPB (pH 7.0) in the ratio of 1:1 at $20^{\circ}C$ to elute the bottom phase (PPB-rich phase). Using these steps, the purification fold achieved was 9.2 with a 44.7% yield.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.48-55
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• 2013

This study aimed at characterizing unsaturated zone at the source zone area contaminated by DNAPL and investigating feasibility of soil vapor extraction (SVE). Five boreholes with three multi-level screens at the depth of 3.0~4.5 m, 5.5~7.0 m, and 8.0~12.0 m were installed at the source zone. Pneumatic tests were performed to determine the permeability of porous medium. Permeability was estimated to be 81.6 to 203.7 darcy, depending on the applied solutions, which was contradicted by grain size analysis of cored soil samples leading to 3.51 darcy. This is due to air flow through gravel pack during the early stage of pneumatic test. Pressure-drawdown curve in the late stage also well showed the leaky aquifer type, indicating air leakage to the ground. Air flow tests were also carried out to investigate air flow connectivity between multi-level wells, indicating that the horizontal air flow was well developed between the lower screens of the wells, not between the upper and middle screens due to the leakage to the surface. For the SVE test, there was no noticeable variation in TCE vapor concentration between three different test runs: 1. 8 hours daily for 5 days, 2. 24 hours together with air blowing at another well (BH1), 3. five consecutive days. Even for five-day consecutive test, total amount of removed TCE was estimated only to be as low as 46.5 g.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.233-240
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• 2020

Background: Palatal injection of local anesthetics is the most painful injection. To obviate the need for palatal injections, local anesthetic agents with diffusibility are being investigated. Hence the present study was designed to analyze the anesthetic efficacy of 2% lidocaine hydrochloride (HCl) with 1:100,000 adrenaline and 4% articaine hydrochloride (HCl) with 1:100,000 adrenaline using single buccal infiltration for the extraction of maxillary premolars. Methods: A prospective, double-blind, crossover, randomized clinical study was performed on 60 consecutive systemically healthy patients with an age range of 15-30 years, requiring extraction of asymptomatic bilateral maxillary premolars for orthodontic purposes. They received 1ml buccal infiltration of 4% articaine HCl with 1:100,000 adrenaline on one side and 2% lidocaine HCl with 1:100,000 adrenaline on the other side. The extraction procedure on either side was scheduled 14 days apart. Parameters assessed were the time of onset of anesthesia, intraoperative discomfort, hemodynamic parameters, and the duration of analgesia. Analysis of the data was done using the Mann-Whitney test, the Wilcoxon test, the Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA test, and the chi-square test. Statistical significance was established at P < 0.05. Results: Articaine showed a faster time of onset and longer duration of analgesia than lidocaine. However, the difference in the intraoperative discomfort and hemodynamic parameters was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, it can be concluded that the extraction of maxillary premolars can be performed with a single buccal infiltration of 2% lidocaine HCl with 1:100,000 adrenaline, which is one of the most commonly used local anesthetic agent.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.1116-1121
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 B-모드 심초음파도의 연속 영상을 분석함으로써 정상심근과 경색심근 사이의 차이점을 구별할 수 있는 기법에 대하여 연구하였다. 2차원 심초음파도를 분석하기 위해서 사람의 심장운동 한 주기에 걸쳐 프레임 내 분석과 프레임 간 분석법을 제시하였고, HGE와 LT로 명명한 새로운 분석변수를 제안하였다. 제안한 변수를 사용한 분석기법은 정상 영역과 경색 영역 사이에 정량적으로 두드러진 특징을 보여주었다. 경색부분에서는 심장주기 전체에 걸쳐 휠씬 높은 값을 나타내었고, 정상조직은 변동이 훨씬 심하게 나타남을 확인할 수 있었다. 실험결과에 따라 제안한 변수들은 심장의 한 주기에 걸쳐 심근의 상태를 관찰할 수 있는 좋은 측정자임을 증명할 수 있었다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 1990

우리나라에서 생산되는 장려품종 중 팔달, 단엽, 장백, 백운, 장엽콩과 재래종 중 검정콩, 갈색아주까리콩 등 7품종을 대상으로 형태적 특성과 표피의 색, 고형분 및 단백질의 추출 수율, 콩의 색소용출속도 등을 조사하였다. 그 결과 콩 개체의 무게는 갈색아주까리콩이 가장 높고 단엽, 장백이 가장 낮은 값을 보였다. 표피의 색에서는 'L'값은 장백이 가장 높았으며 팔달, 백운, 장엽, 단엽 등도 비교적 높은 'L'값을 나타내었다. 'a', 'b'값에서는 장엽이 높았고 검정콩과 갈색아주까리콩이 비교적 낮은 'b'값을 보였다. 콩을 마쇄하여 물로 추출할 때 고형분과 단백질의 수율은 3회까지 대부분이 추출되었으며 이때 이들의 수율은 각각 73.2 %, 83.2 %이었다. 콩 표피의 색소의 용출은 추출온도와 시간에 따라 큰 영향을 받았다. 평형에 도달한 흡광도(A)와 추출온도(T)와의 관계는 A=aT+b의 관계로 표시할 수 있었으며, 색소용출 속도와 온도와의 관계는 $60^{\circ}C$를 중심으로 두개의 직선관계가 있었다. 이 관계에서 계산된 활성화에너지는 고온보다 저온이 더 높았고, Local 1과 Local 2가 가장 높은 활성화에너지 값을 보여 주었다.

• 전자공학회논문지S
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• 제35S권7호
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• pp.53-61
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• 1998

In this paper, we propose an efficient multi-view images coding algorithm to find the optimal depth and texture from the set of multi-view images. The proposed algorithm consists of two consecutive steps, i) the depth estraction step, and ii) the texture extraction step, comparedwith the traditional algorithem which finds the depth and texture concurrently. The X-Y plane of the normalized object space is divided into traingular paatches and the Z value of the node is determined in the first step and then the texture of the each patch is extracted in the second step. In the depth extraction step, the depth of the node is determined by applying the block based disparity compensation method to the windowed area centered at the node. In the second step, the texture of the traingular patches is extracted from the multi-view images by applying the affine transformation based disparity compensation method to the traingular pateches with the depth extracted from the first step. Experimental results show that the SNR(Singnal-to- Noise Ratio) of images enconded by our algorithm is better than that of images encoded by the traditional algorithm by the amount about 4dB for for the test sets of multi-view images called dragon, kid, city and santa.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.155-160
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• 2011

Purpose: Fibrillar collagens like type I collagen, are the major constituent of the extracellular matrix and structural protein of bone. Also, it can be a scaffold for osteoblast migration. The purpose of this study is to estimate the effects of absorbable atelo-collagen sponge (Teruplug$^{(R)}$, Terumo biomaterials Co., Tokyo, Japan) insertion in tooth extraction sites on periodontal healing of the second molar, healing of the fractured mandibular bone and new bone formation of third molar socket after the extraction of the impacted third molar with mandibular angle fracture. Methods: In our study of six cases of mandibular angle fractures, all of them underwent the extraction of the third molar tooth & absorbable atelo-collagen sponge insertion in tooth extraction site. Three of them had a intraoral infection & oral opening to fracture site, two of the six had dental caries, and only one had reduction problem due to third molar position. Six consecutive patients with noncomminuted fractures of the mandibular angle were treated by open reduction and internal fixation using one noncompression miniplates and screws placed through a transoral incision. Results: All of the patients have showed good postoperative functions and have not experienced complications requiring second surgical intervention. There was well healing of the mandibular bone and the most new bone formation of third molar socket after the extraction of the impacted third molar with mandibular angle fracture. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that absorbable atelo-collagen sponge is relatively favorable bone void filler with prevention of tissue collapse, food packing, and enhance periodontal healing. Thus, the use of atelo-collagen sponge and one noncompression miniplate seems to be relatively easy, safe, and effective for the treatment of fractures of the mandibular angle and third molar extraction.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.498-508
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 zoom 영상 세트로부터 최적의 깊이와 텍스쳐 정보를 추출하는 효과적인 영상 코딩 알고리듬을 제안하였다. 제안된 알고리듬은 깊이 추출 단계와 텍스쳐 추출의 2단계로 구성되어 있다. 물체 공간에서 X-Y면을 삼각패치로 나누고 각 삼각패치 노드의 깊이 값은 깊이 추출 단계에서 결정한 후, 두 번째 단계에서 각 삼각패치의 텍스쳐를 추출한다. 깊이 추출 단계에서는 각 삼각패치의 노드를 중심으로 이루어진 사각형 윈도우 영역에 대하여 블록에 기반한 변이 보상 방법을 적용함으로 노드의 깊이를 결정한다. 텍스쳐 추출 단계에서는 아휜 변환에 기반한 변이 보상 모델을 이용하여 zoom 영상으로부터 삼각패치의 텍스쳐가 추출된다. 영상의 화질을 개선하기 위하여, 영상 평면에서 보정하는 대신 물체 공간에서 보정을 수행하였다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제38권
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• pp.6.1-6.8
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• 2016

Background: Intravenous bisphosphonates have been used in metastatic breast cancer patients to reduce pathologic bone fracture and bone pain. However, necrosis of the jaw has been reported in those who received intravenous bisphosphonates. Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is caused by dental extraction, dental implant surgery, and denture wearing; however, it occurs spontaneously. The purpose of this study was to report BRONJ in metastatic breast cancer patients. Methods: Consecutive 25 female patients were referred from the Department of Oncology from 2008 to 2014 for jaw bone discomfort. Staging of breast cancer, history of bisphosphonate infusion, etiology of BRONJ, and treatment results were reviewed. Average age of the patients was 55.4 years old (38-74). Twelve maxillae and 16 mandibles were involved. Conservative treatments such as irrigation, antibiotic medication, analgesics, and oral gargle were applied for all patients for the initial treatment. Patients who had sequestrum underwent debridement and primary closure. Results: The etiologies of BRONJ were dental extraction (19 cases), dental implant (2 cases), and endodontic treatment (1 case). However, three patients did not have any risk factors to cause BRONJ. Three patients died of progression of metastasis during follow-up periods. Surgical debridement was performed in 21 patients with success in 18 patients. Three patients showed recurred bone exposure and infection after operation. Conclusions: Prevention of the BRONJ is critical in metastatic breast cancer patients. Conservative treatment to reduce pain, discomfort, and infection is recommended for the initial therapy. However, if there is a sequestrum, surgical debridement and primary closure is the key to treat the BRONJ.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.513-520
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• 2007

In this paper, we propose an approach to identify the driving environment for intelligent highway vehicles by means of image processing and computer vision techniques. The proposed approach mainly consists of two consecutive computational steps. The first step is the lane marking detection, which is used to identify the location of the host vehicle and road geometry. In this step, related standard image processing techniques are adapted for lane-related information. In the second step, by using the output from the first step, a four-stage algorithm for vehicle detection is proposed to provide information on the relative position and speed between the host vehicle and each preceding vehicle. The proposed approach has been validated in several real-world scenarios. Herein, experimental results indicate low false alarm and low false dismissal and have demonstrated the robustness of the proposed detection approach.