• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1929-1943
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• 2021

Millimeter wave (mmWave) communication based on the wide bandwidth of >28 GHz is one of the key technologies for cellular-connected unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The selection of mmWave beams in such cellular-connected UAVs is challenging and critical, especially when downlink transmissions toward aerial user equipment (UE) suffer from poor signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) more often than their terrestrial counterparts. This study proposed a coordinated mmWave beam selection scheme using fingerprint for cellular-connected UAV. The scheme comprises fingerprint database configuration and coordinated beam selection. In the fingerprint database configuration, the best beam index from the serving cell and interference beam indexes from neighboring cells are stored. In the coordinated beam selection, the best and interference beams are determined using the fingerprint database information instead of performing an exhaustive search, and the coordinated beam transmission improves the SINR for aerial UEs. System-level simulations assess the UAV effect based on the third-generation partnership project-new radio mmWave and UAV channel models. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can reduce the overhead of exhaustive search and improve the SINR and spectral efficiency.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.141-159
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• 2016

Commonly in steel frames, steel beam and concrete slab are connected together by shear keys to work as a unit member which is called composite beam. When a composite beam is subjected to positive bending, flexural strength and stiffness of the beam can be increased due to "composite action". At the same time despite these advantages, composite action increases the strain at the beam bottom flange and it might affect beam plastic rotation capacity. This paper presents results of study on the rotation capacity of composite beam connected to Rectangular Hollow Section (RHS) column in the steel moment resisting frame buildings. Due to out-of-plane deformation of column flange, moment transfer efficiency of web connection is reduced and this results in reduction of beam plastic rotation capacity. In order to investigate the effects of width-to-thickness ratio (B/t) of RHS column on the rotation capacity of composite beam, cyclic loading tests were conducted on three full scale beam-to-column subassemblies. Detailed study on the different steel beam damages and concrete slab damages are presented. Experimental data showed the importance of this parameter of RHS column on the seismic behavior of composite beams. It is found that occurrence of severe concrete bearing crush at the face of RHS column of specimen with smaller width-to-thickness ratio resulted in considerable reduction on the rate of strain increase in the bottom flange. This behavior resulted in considerable improvement of rotation capacity of this specimen compared with composite and even bare steel beam connected to the RHS column with larger width-to-thickness ratio.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.231-242
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• 2018

As a lateral load resisting component, buckling restrained steel plate shear walls (BRW) have excellent energy dissipating capacity. Similar to thin steel plate shear walls, the mechanical behavior of BRWs depends on the boundary elements (adjacent beams and columns) which need adequate strength and stiffness to ensure the complete yielding of BRWs and the emergence of expected plastic collapse mechanism of frame. This paper presents a theoretical approach to estimate the design forces for boundary elements of beam-connected BRW (i.e., The BRW is only connected to beams at its top and bottom, without connections to columns) using a fundamental plastic collapse mechanism of frame, a force transferring model of beam-connected BRW and linear beam and column analysis. Furthermore, the design method of boundary beams and columns is presented. The proposed approach does not involve nonlinear analyses, which can be easily and efficiently used to estimate the design forces of beams and columns in a frame with BRWs. The predicted design forces of boundary elements are compared with those from nonlinear finite element analyses, and a good agreement is achieved.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

An experimental study to evaluate structural capacity of an embedded plate connected with prestressed concrete beam was performed. Embedded steel plates and prestressed concrete beam were connected with stud-bolts at the ends of concrete beam specimens. About 1,000 kN concentrated load was applied at 450mm away from the end of beam specimen. A 3,000 kN capacity static Oil-jack was used to direct concentrated load. The maximum strain of stud-bolt recorded $90{\times}10^{-6}$(mm/mm) and wide width cracks were not founded. Any falling failures of concrete and large deformations were not founded either between steel plate and prestressed concrete specimen. As a result, construction performance can be improved using this embedded steel plate connection system apply to large space educational facilities.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.715-730
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• 2019

We propose a switched beam-forming antenna that satisfies not only ultra-wideband characteristics but also beam-forming in the WLAN frequency band using an ultra-wideband antenna and passive parasitic elements applying a broadband optimal reactance load algorithm. We design a power and phase estimation function and an error correction function by re-analyzing and normalizing all the components of the parasitic array using control system engineering. The proposed antenna is compared with an antenna with a pin diode and reactance load value, respectively. The pin diode is located between the passive parasitic elements and ground plane. An antenna beam can be formed in eight directions according to the pin diode ON (reflector)/OFF (director) state. The antenna with a reactance load value achieves a better VSWR and gain than the antenna with a pin diode. We confirm that a beam is formed in eight directions owing to the RF switch operation, and the measured peak gain is 7 dBi at 2.45 GHz and 10 dBi at 5.8 GHz.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.219-227
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• 2013

This study analyzed the effect of performance connected-type foundations of behavior and the connected beams according to the characteristics into soft clay transmission tower foundation. For this purpose, the finite element analysis model was built and connected to the transmission tower foundation mat and the contact area of the connection beam by the percentage change in the behavior and resistance characteristics were analyzed and finite element verification of the validity of the analytical model was conducted using connected-type transmission tower results of the model experiments constructed, and effective connected-type transmission tower basis of the behavior of connected beams were selected by analyzing the effect due to the increase of the stiffness. In addition, weak analysis by connected beam self-bending moment distribution was conducted.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.109-119
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• 2024

This study presents a replaceable reduced beam section (R-RBS) located at the column end in moment resisting frames (MRFs). An end of the R-RBS is connected to column by using end-plate moment connection and the other end of that is connected to main beam with beam splice connection. Therefore, the RBS that is expected to yield under an earthquake can be easily replaceable. Geometry of the RBS and the thickness of the beam splice connection are the prime variables of this study. A total of eight experimental test was carried out to examine the seismic performance of the proposed R-RBS with the connection details. The results obtained from experimental studies demonstrated that plate sizes of the beam splice connection significantly affect the seismic performance of RBSs used in MRFs.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.291-305
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• 2011

The new structure consisting of continuous compound spiral hoop reinforced concrete (CCSHRC)column and steel concrete composite (SCC) beam has both the advantages of steel structures and concrete structures. Two types of beam-to-column connections applied in this structural system are presented in this paper. The connection details are as follows: the main bars in beam concrete pass through the core zone for both types of connections. For connecting bar connection, the steel I-beam webs are connected by bolts to a steel plate passing through the joint while the top and bottom flanges of the beams are connected by four straight and two X-shaped bars. For bolted end-plate connection, the steel I-beam webs are connected by stiffened extended end-plates and eight long shank bolts passing through the core zone. In order to study the seismic behaviour and failure mechanisms of the connections, quasi-static tests were conducted on both types of full-scale connection subassemblies and core zone specimens. The load-drift hysteresis loops show a plateau for the connecting bar connection while they are excellent plump for bolted end-plate connection. The shear capacity formulas of both types of connections are presented and the values calculated by the formula agree well with the test results.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.644-650
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• 1998

In this paper , a state space model for flexible beam is presented using the assumed-modes approach. The state space equation is derived for a flexible beam in which one end is connected to a motor and is driven by a torque equation and the other end is free. Many of the transfer function proposed thus far use the torque to the flexible beam as the input and the tip deflection of the flexible beam as the output. The Technique for the analysis and synthesis of the dual-input describing function(DIDF) is introduced here and the construction of a non-linear compensator, based on this technique, is proposed. This non-linear compensator, properly connected in the direct path of a closed-loop linear or non-linear control system. The above non-linear network is used to compensate linear and non-linear systems for instability, limit cycles, low speed of response and static accuracy. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated through computer simulation and experimental results.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.353-370
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• 2020

This paper describes a new type of replaceable fuse for moment resisting frames. Column-tree connections with beam splice connections are frequently preferred in the moment resisting frames since they eliminate field welding and provide good quality. In the column-tree connections, a part of the beam is welded to the column in the shop and the rest of the beam is bolted with the splice connection in the field. In this study, a replaceable reduced beam section (R-RBS) connection is proposed in order to eliminate welding process and facilitate assembly at the site. In the proposed R-RBS connection, one end is connected by a beam splice connection to the beam and the other end is connected by a bolted end-plate connection to the column. More importantly is that the proposed R-RBS connection allows the replacement of the damaged R-RBS easily right after an earthquake. Pursuant to this goal, experimental and numerical studies have been undertaken to investigate the performance of the R-RBS connection. An experimental study on the RBS connection was used to substantiate the numerical model using ABAQUS, a commercially available finite element software. Additionally, five different finite element models were developed to conduct a parametric study. The results of the analysis were compared in terms of the moment and energy absorption capacities, PEEQ, rupture and tri-axiality indexes. The design process as well as the optimum dimensions of the R-RBS connections are presented. It was also demonstrated that the proposed R-RBS connection satisfies AISC criteria based on the nonlinear finite element analysis results.