• Mycobiology
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.231-235
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• 2012

Fungal endophytes are microfungi that live in plants without causing apparent symptoms of infection. This study was conducted to identify endophytic fungi isolated from leaves of coniferous trees in Bohyeon Mountain of Korea. We collected leaves of two species of coniferous trees, Pinus densiflora and Pinus koraiensis, from 11 sites in the study area. A total 58 isolates were obtained and identified using molecular and morphological characteristics. Four species of endophytic fungi were isolated from P. densiflora: Lophodermium conigenum, Leotiomycetes sp., Septoria pini-thunbergii, and Polyporales sp., while two fungal species were isolated from P. koraiensis: Eurotiomycetes sp. and Rhytismataceae sp. The most frequently isolated species were L. conigenum and S. pini-thunbergii.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.274-275
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• 2004

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.208-218
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• 1991

To compare the resistance of landscape trees by acid rain, simulated acid rain was treated on the seeds of 6 coniferous species (Pinus densiflora, Pinus thunbergii, Pinus koraiensis, Taxus cuspidata, Cedrus deodara, Thuja occidentalis) and 6 broad-leafed species (Ligustrum obtusifolium, Acer Buergerianum, Acer Ginnala, Styrax obassia, Cornus Kousa, Magnolia obovata). The experimental design of randomized block arrangement with three replications was implemented in the experimental field of Yesan National Agri-Tech Junior College. The seeds of 12 tree species were planted on the nursery soil in the early spring of 1991. The regime of artificial acid rain, in terms of spray frequency per monthly and spray amount at year records. Simulated acid rain (pH 2.0, pH 4.0, pH 5.6 as control) containing sulfuric and nitric acid in the ratio of 3:2 (chemical equivalant basis) diluted ground water, were treated on the experimental plants under condition of cutting off the natural precipitation with vinyl tunnel, during the growing season (April 8 to August 31) in 1991. Seedling establishment, seedling growth and nutrient contents in needles and leaves were measured and compared among the treatment. The results were summerized as follows; 1. In general, coniferous species were more resistant than broad-leafed species in the resistant comparisons of landscape trees by simulated acid rain. But there were resistant tree species to acid rain among the broad-leafed species. 2. Among 6 coniferous species used in this experiment, Pinus densiflora, Pinus koraiensis, Taxus cuspidata, Cedrus deodara and Pinus thunbergii revealed the resistant tree species to acid rain. But Thuja occidentalis was very susceptible to acid rain, because of no germination in pH 2.0 treatment plot of acid rain. 3. Among 6 broad-leafed species used in this study, Magnolia obovata, Styrax obassia and Ligustrum obtusifolium showed relative resistant tree species to acid rain. But Acer Buergerianum, Acer Ginnala and Cornus Kousa were very susceptible to acid rain, because of no germination in pH 2.0 plot of acid rain treatment.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.636-645
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• 2020

Objectives: This study was performed to find phytoncide (monoterpene) emission characteristics and weather factors for application in prediction modeling for phytoncide weather services. Methods: From 2017 to 2019, one coniferous forest and one deciduous forest were selected to investigate the monthly emission characteristics and identify the correlation with weather factors. Research items were analyzed for 11 species known to be emitting the most monoterpenes. Results: Phytoncide (monoterpene) began to increase in April when trees were activated and continued to be released until November. The concentration range of monoterpene in deciduous forests was 0.0 to 427.4 ng/S㎥ and coniferous forests was 0.0 to 1,776.8 ng/S㎥. Phytoncide emission concentrations in deciduous forests were 20 to 90 percent of those in coniferous forests, and averaged 39 percent overall. The correlation between monoterpene and temperature was very close, with 0.835 for the broadleaf forest and 0.875 for the coniferous forest. Monoterpene and humidity were found to be 0.731 for the broadleaf forest and 0.681 for the coniferous forest, while wind speed showed a negative correlation of -0.482 and -0.424, respectively. Regression of temperature with phytoncide showed that the coefficient of determination (r2) was highly correlated with 0.75 for the broadleaf forest and 0.80 for the coniferous forest. Not only is phytoncide concentration affected by temperature, humidity, and wind speed, but also rainfall over the preceeding one to three days. Nearby rainfall on the day of sampling was found to have a direct effect on the physiological activities of the trees. Conclusions: Overall, if the values of monoterpene and temperature, humidity, and wind speed are used as basic factors, and rainfall from one to three days previous is replaced with complementary values, it is believed that the numerical analysis and modeling of daily and monthly phytoncide will be possible.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권5_3호
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• pp.665-673
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• 1998

This study was conducted to clarified the relationship between bird community and forest structure and present the counterplan for protection and management of bird community from February 1993 to July 1995 at deciduous and coniferous forest within Mt. Nam area, Seoul, Korea. DBH distribution has not significant differences in each study site. Deciduous forest had more foliage coverage in all layers than coniferous forest. Total 41 species of birds, which were 16 species of resident, 14 species of summer visitor, 4 species of winter visitor, and 7 species of passage migrant were recrded in two study sites. Leaf use rate of birds was increased the increase of coverage. The number of breeding species and pairs, breeding density, and diversity index were greater in deciduous forest than coniferous forest. The number of species and pairs on bush-nesting and foraging guild were greater than other guilds. And the nuber of species and pairs on hole nesting guild were the fewest in nesting guild. Use rate of artificial nests for improvement of habitat quality was greater in coniferous forest than deciduous forest. Maintenance of bush layer, increase of coverage and leaf layer diversity, supply of artificial nests, management of large trees, and control of natural enemy were necessary for protection and management of bird community in Mt. nam area.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제82권3호
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• pp.271-282
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• 1993

조경수목(造景樹木)들의 대기오염물질(大氣汚染物質) 흡수(吸收), 정화능력(淨化能力)을 알아보기 위해 서울, 대전(大田) 등(等) 대도시(大都市) 지역과 광릉지역(光陸地域)을 선정하고 소나무, 잣나무, 은행나무, 튜립나무 및 양버즘나무 잎을 채취하여 유황함량(硫黃含量)과 중금속(重金屬) 함량(含量)을 측정 분석하였다. 조경수목(造景樹木)의 엽내(葉內) 유황함량(硫黃含量)은 서울 및 대전(大田)의 오염지역(汚染地域)의 수목(樹木)들이 비오염지역(非汚染地域)인 광릉지역(光陸地域) 수목(樹木)에 비하여 모두 높았으며, 활엽수(闊葉樹)가 침엽수(針葉樹)에서보다 2.6배(倍)나 더 높게 나타났다. 특히 은행나무(나자식물(裸子植物))와 양버즘나무(피자식물(被子植物))의 유황(硫黃) 흡수능(吸收能)이 높았다. 시기별(時期別)로는 은행나무, 양버즘나무 및 튜립나무에서 경시적(經時的)으로 유의적(有意的)인 증가(增加)를 하고 있었다. 엽내(葉內) Pb 함량(含量)은 오염지역(汚染地域)이 비오염지역(非汚染地域)에 비하여 잣나무, 소나무, 양버즘나무, 튜립나무 및 은행나무에서 각각(各各) 14.1, 10.6, 5.0, 4.2 및 3.9배(倍) 더 높게 나타났으며, 엽내(葉內) Zn의 함량(含量)은 오염지역(汚染地域)에서 각각(各各) 2.0, 1.4, 5.3, 8.8 및 3.6배(倍) 더 높게 나타났다. 오염지역(汚染地域)에서는 침엽수(針葉樹)의 경우 Pb의 흡수(吸收), 축적(蓄積)이 많았고 활엽수(闊葉樹)의 경우 Zn의 흡수(吸收), 축적(蓄積)이 더 많았다. 수종별(樹種別)로는 잣나무가 소나무보다 엽내(葉內) Pb, Zn, Cu의 함량(含量)이 높았으며, 엽령별(葉令別)로 1년생(年生)잎보다 2년생(年生)잎에서 더 높았고, 소나무, 잣나무, 튜립나무 및 양버즘나무에서는 전유황함량(全硫黃含量)과 중금속(重金屬)(Pb+Zn+Cu) 함량(含量)의 평균치간(平均値間)에 정(正)의 상관(相關)이 있었다.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.481-488
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to suggest how to manage healing forests. Field investigation and surveys were conducted to produce results and 313 questionnaires collected from workers in the forestry sector and ordinary people were analyzed. The results were as follows: it is required to preserve flowering plants, scenic trees, and ecological trees in the understory vegetation, and to remove trees that block the forest landscape, leaving about 50 to 60 percent of the understory vegetation. The preferred density order of broadleaf trees was analyzed as follows: Betula platyphylla > Liriodendron tulipifera > Quercus acutissima. The preferred density order of coniferous trees was analyzed as follows: Abies holophylla > Cryptomerias japonica and Chameacyparis obtusa > Larix kaempferi > Pinus densiflora > Pinus koraiensis. The preferred density in healing forests was 81-89% compared to the number of residual trees for quantitative thinning. Specifically, the preferred density were 87% for P. koraiensis, 86% for L. kaempferi, 81% for P. densiflora, 83% for C. japonica, 84% for C. obtusa and 89% for Q. acutissima. In the case of healing forests, it is recommended to periodically conduct a small-scale thinning with different densities according to the species and diameter of trees based on the results of this study.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방재학회 2009년도 정기 학술발표대회
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• pp.160.2-160.2
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• 2009

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the distribution and their change of Pinus densiflora forests by climate change in Mt. Hallasan. The results showed that the areas of P. densiflora forests of Mt. Hallasan varied by region, with a total area of 1,324.3 ha, concentrated mostly in the region 1,000 m - 1,400 m above sea level. The temperate coniferous forest zone are distributed in the upper part of temperate forest zone composed of deciduous broad-leaved trees. Most of the P. densiflora forests in the lower parts were found not to be spreading because they are located close to the deciduous broad-leaved trees. However, the P. densiflora forests in the Sajebi and Pyeonggwe regions composed of the grasslands and shrub forests were found to be spreading. In addition, the altitude of the P. densiflora forests distribution increased by about 50 m and 90 m in the Sajebi and Pyeonggwe regions, respectively. The spread rate is expected to become faster than in the past due to the rate of climate change. The structure of the vegetation in Mt. Hallasan and the changes in the vegetation due to various factors need to be investigated from a long-term point of view.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.605-614
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• 2015

Drone imaging, which is more cost-effective and controllable compared to airborne LiDAR, requires a low-cost camera and is used for capturing color images. From the overlapped color images, we produced two high-resolution digital surface models over different test areas. After segmentation, we performed tree identification according to the method proposed by , and computed the tree height and the canopy crown size. Compared with the field measurements, the computed results for the tree height in test area 1 (coniferous trees) were found to be accurate, while the results in test area 2 (deciduous coniferous trees) were found to be underestimated. The RMSE of the tree height was 0.84 m, and the width of the canopy crown was 1.51 m in test area 1. Further, the RMSE of the tree height was 2.45 m, and the width of the canopy crown was 1.53 m in test area 2. The experiment results validated the use of drone images for the extraction of a tree structure.