• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2008

The data delivery confirmation method of MIL-STD-188-220C, which is a tactical wireless mobile Ad-Hoc communication protocol, is that a source node requires the end-to-end ack from all destination nodes and the data-link ack from 1-hop neighboring destination nodes and relaying nodes, regardless of the hop distance from a source node to destination nodes. This method has the problem to degrade the whole communication network performance because of excessive data traffic due to the duplicate use of end-to-end ack and data-link ack, and the collision among end-to-end acks on the wireless network in the case of confirming a data delivery within an 1-hop distance. In order to solve this problem, this paper has proposed the method to perform the data delivery confirmation with the improvement of communication network performance through the data traffic reduction by achieving the reliable data delivery confirmation requiring the only data-link ack within an 1-hop distance. The effects of the proposed method are analyzed in the two aspects of the data delivery confirmation delay time and the data delivery confirmation success ratio.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2016

In this paper, the confirmation method of target detection for the vehicle mounted metal detector (MD) has been described. The vehicle mounted MD with the arrayed 6 coils to detect the width of 2.4 m was demonstrated. It is important and necessary to inform the location of the objects detected by the MD. The confirmation method of target detection was verified by using the MD GUI and the analysis of the receive signal processing. The receive signal processing is performed by comparing the threshold and the difference of the signal calibrated at initial location and the signal detected at present location.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2010

Purpose: It is not always easy to determine the existence of tendon injuries when it comes to patients with finger lacerations. Thus, we tried to find the difference in effectiveness and in compliance of patients when we employed two different types of diagnosis, conventional gross confirmation and ultrasonographic confirmation. Methods: From December 2009 to March 2010, we enrolled 14 patients with finger tendon injury at Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital. The median age of the patients was $35.9{\pm}14.4$, and the ratio of females to males was 1:2.5 We evaluated the compliance of each patient by measuring four different categories (level of cooperativeness in showing their wound and in following the instructions, level of movement of their fingers during the diagnosis and total number of attempts to diagnose) by using a score from 1 to 3 for each category, for a total possible score of 12 for each patient. We also measured the painfulness of each patient by using a score of 1 to 10 and the time required for each diagnosis. Results: The levels of patients' compliance was $8.9{\pm}2.1$ when diagnosed with gross confirmation and $9.8{\pm}2.1$ when diagnosed with ultrasonographic confirmation (p value=0.042). The pain score of the patients was $3.7{\pm}1.7$ with gross confirmation and $2.9{\pm}1.2$ with ultrasonographic confirmation (p value=0.020). The median duration of time in each test was $6.7{\pm}4.8$ minutes with gross confirmation and $10.5{\pm}4.2$ minutes with ultrasonography (p value=0.006). Conclusion: Comparing gross confirmation and ultrasonographic confirmation, gross confirmation is a better method than ultrasonography because of time efficiency. However, ultrasonographic confirmation has advantages over gross confirmation in pain scale and better compliance of patients. Emergency physicians generally employ gross confirmation rather than ultrasonography in determining the existence of tendon injury in patients. In patients with finger lacerations without bone injury, ultrasonography can be considered as a secondary diagnostic tool, especially when patients have much pain.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2018

To prevent illegal building work in advance, regional building safety centers were introduced to perform technical investigations and management. The purpose of this study is to propose the detailed operational directions of the regional building safety center through the analysis on the current status of parameters, such as the operation of designated confirmation and inspection bodies in Japan. We consider the role, building administrative process and establishment criteria of regional building safety centers through the analysis the introduction background and the designation criteria of designated confirmation and inspection bodies. In establishing the center's professional manpower qualifications, we refer to the criteria for the professional qualifications of the designated confirmation and inspection bodies. In addition, the calculation method of required manpower of verification inspectors in Japan was used as a reference in setting the scale of regional professional manpower. Finally, we propose the detailed operational directions of the regional building safety center such as (1)roles of the center, (2)establishing management plan of the center, (3)work scope (4)scale of the professional manpower, (5)qualification of the professional manpower, and (6)funds.

• 기독교교육논총
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• 제75권
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• pp.7-31
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• 2023

연구 목적 : 본 연구는 한국교회의 견신례 교육에서 나타나는 1) 용어의 혼란, 2) 견신례에 대한 피상적 이해와 견신례 신학의 부재 혹은 사사화, 3) 통과의례 개념에 기초한 형식적 교육, 4) 교단 차원의 체계화된 교육 부재 등과 같은 여러 문제를 진단하고, 이에 대한 대안적 교육 방향을 제안한다. 연구 내용 및 방법 : 먼저 성서적, 역사적, 신학적 접근을 통하여 견신례에 대한 학제 내 대화를 시도한다. 성서적으로, 견신례는 물세례와 성령세례의 하나 됨 가운데서 이해되어야 하며, 성령세례를 통하여 세례자를 왕적 제사장으로 성별하는 것과 연관되어 있다. 역사적으로, 견신례는 하나의 통일된 그리스도교 입문예식이었다가 분리되고 다시 일치를 모색하는 과정을 거쳤다. 신학적으로, 견신례는 세례에서 주어진 삼위일체 하나님의 언약을 확증하는 예식이며, 세례적 특성과 성찬적 특성을 동시에 지니고 있다. 결론 및 제언 : 본 연구를 통하여 도출된 대안적 형태의 견신례 교육은 다음과 같은 방향을 지향한다. 즉, 1) 세례 언약에서 주어진 정체성을 지향하는 교육, 2) 세례와 성찬의 특성이 함께 반영된 교육, 3) 성서, 교리, 삶이 통합된 교육, 4) 체계적 교육 시스템에 기초한 교육 등이다.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.269-279
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• 2002

다중 이상점 과 다중 지렛점의 식별은 가장효과(masking effect)와 편승효과(swamping effect)에 영향을 받으므로 어려움이 존재한다. Rousseeuw와 van Zomeren(1990)은 LMS (Least Median of Squares) 회귀방법과 MVE(Minimum Volume Ellipsoid) 통계량을 이용하여 다중 이상점과 다중 지렛점을 식별하였다. 그러나 이들의 방법은 LMS와 MVE의 강한 로버스트성으로 인하여 이상점과 지렛점이 아닌 점들도 이상점과 지렛점으로 식별하는 경향이 있다. Fung(1993)은 식별된 이상점과 지렛점들에 대하여 재확인방법을 제안하였는데 이 방법은 인근효과(adjacent effect)에 영향을 받아 이상점과 지렛점을 식별하는데 문제가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 논문은 이러한 문제점을 지적하고 새로운 방법을 제안하여 식별된 이상점과 지렛점을 재확인하고자 한다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.384-388
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• 2023

Gorlin-Goltz syndrome, also known as nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by multisystemic developmental defects caused by pathogenic variants such as patched-1 (PTCH1) gene variants and/or SUFU gene variants. The presence of either two main criteria or one major and two minor criteria are required for the diagnosis of Gorlin-Goltz syndrome. Recently, a major criterion for molecular confirmation has also been proposed. In this article, we report the case of an 80-year-old male who was admitted at our department for multiple brown-to-black papules and plaques on the entire body. He was diagnosed with Gorlin-Goltz syndrome with clinical, radiologic, and pathologic findings. While the diagnosis was made based on the clinical findings in general, confirmation of the genetic variants makes an ideal diagnosis and suggests a new treatment method for target therapy. We requested a genetic test of PTCH1 to ideally identify the molecular confirmation in the hedgehog signaling pathway. However, no pathogenic variants were found in the coding region of PTCH1, and no molecular confirmation was achieved.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.1-22
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• 2011

This study addressed trust to collective intelligence for explaining the affecting factors to the intention to use of collective intelligence by dividing the object of trust into a Web site and an information source group. We explored the factors affecting user's continuance intention toward collective intelligence in the view off trust building. We made a well-structured survey of our proposed model and gained 205 cases. We analyzed the proposed research model empirically using partial least square method. The findings are summarized as follows. First, all key factors (relevance, timeless, completeness, understandability) composing of collective intelligence quality have a positive and significant impact on confirmation. Second, confirmation has a significant impact on trust toward a Web site, as well as toward an information source group. The last is that trust toward a Web site influences on continuance intention, whereas trust toward an information source group doesn't.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.187-199
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• 2011

모바일뱅킹에서 사용자인증과 거래승인을 보호하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 스마트폰에 설치된 악성 프로그램은 사용자가 입력하는 비밀을 얻어내거나 거래내용을 조작하여 사용자에게 승인하도록 유도할 수도 있다. 이 논문에서는 사용자의 비밀과 거래승인을 보호하기 위한 연구들의 보안성과 편의성을 분석하고, 이를 바탕으로 사용자의 비밀을 보호하고 문서의 내용을 조작하는 공격에 대응하는 방법을 제안한다.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.187-194
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• 2021

This paper presents a margin-based face liveness detection method with behavioral confirmation to prevent spoofing attacks using deep learning techniques. The proposed method provides a possibility to prevent biometric person authentication systems from replay and printed spoofing attacks. For this work, a set of real face images and fake face images was collected and a face liveness detection model is trained on the constructed dataset. Traditional face liveness detection methods exploit the face image covering only the face regions of the human head image. However, outside of this region of interest (ROI) might include useful features such as phone edges and fingers. The proposed face liveness detection method was experimentally tested on the author's own dataset. Collected databases are trained and experimental results show that the trained model distinguishes real face images and fake images correctly.