• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.8 no.3A
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• pp.187-193
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• 1999

In this study, PVDF thin films which show the excellent piezoelectricity and pyroelectricity, are prepared by PVD (physical vapor deposition) method, and thir electrical conduction phenomena for analyses of the electrical conduction mechanism and TSC (Thermally Stimulated Current) for identification of the behavior of conductive carriers are investigated. As a result of FT-IR(Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) spectra, the crystalline phase transforms $\alpha$ type into $\beta$ type with increasing electric field. From XRD (X-Ray diffraction) analyses patterns, the degree of crystallinity increases from 49.8% to 67%, as the substrate temperature increases from $30^{\circ}C$ to $80^{\circ}C$. As a result of electrical conduction phenomena, the electrical conduction mechanism of PVDF thin films is identified as ionic conduction mechanism. From TSC analyses, there are three peaks as P1, P2, P3 with increasing temperature, and with increasing substrate temperature, the peak temperature of TSC increases and the peak intensity of TSC decreases.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.07c
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• pp.1787-1789
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• 2004

This paper deals with the lightning effects on aircraft. The effects are divided into two groups. The one is the direct effect due to the direct attachment of the lightning channel and/or conduction of lightning current. The other is the indirect effect like electrical transients induced by lightning in aircraft conductive components such as electric circuits. In this paper presents the analysis of lightning mechanism.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.67-75
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• 2020

When a patient takes an MRI scan, the patient has a risk of unexpected injuries due to the intensive electromagnetic (EM) field. Among the injuries, the tissue heating by the time-varying EM field is one of the main issues. Since an implanted artificial structure with a conductive material aggravates the heating effect, lots of studies have been conducted to investigate the effect around the implants. In this review article, a mechanism of RF heating around the implants and related studies are comprehensively investigated.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.49 no.10
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• pp.577-582
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• 2000

This paper analyze the interference problems, especially Ac corrosion when the gas pipeline is buried with power cable in the same submarine tunnel. This paper present the results of the study about interference mechanism(inductive coupling, conductive coupling, resistive coupling), AC corrosion, limitation of safety voltage, modeling of power cables, gas pipeline and grounding systems, analysis of induction voltage and optimal arrangement of power cables.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and information Science
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.71-76
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• 1997

A lot of experiments and analyses have been done to determine the aging mechanism of mica-epoxy composite material used for large generator stator windings in order to estimate remaining life of the generator for last decades. After degrading artificially the mica-epoxy composite material, the surface analysis is performed to analyze breakdown mechanism of insulation in air and hydrogen atmosphere; i) In the case of air atmosphere, it is observed that an aging propagation from conductor to core by partial discharge effect and the formation of cracks between layers is widely carbonized surface. ii) In case of hydrogen atmosphere, the partial discharge effect is reduced by the hydrogen pressure (4kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$). Potassium ions forming a sheet of mica is replaced by hydrogen ions, which can lead to microcracks. It is confirmed that the sizes of crack by SEM analysis are 10∼20[$\mu\textrm{m}$] in length under air, and 1∼5[$\mu\textrm{m}$] in diameter, 10∼50[$\mu\textrm{m}$] in length under hydrogen atmosphere respectively. The breakdown mechanism of sttor winding insulation materials which are composed of mica-epoxy is analyzed by the component of materials with EDS, SEM techniques. We concluded that the postassium ions of mica components are replaced by H\ulcorner, H$_3$O\ulcorner at boundary area of mica-epoxy and/or mica-mica. It is proposed that through these phenomena, the conductive layers of potassium enable creation of voids and cracks due to thermal, mechanical, electrical and environmental stresses.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1995.11a
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• pp.74-76
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• 1995

ZnO varistor with composition of ZnO(90wt%)-Bi$_2$O$_3$(3wt%)-Sb$_2$O$_3$(3.6wt%)-CO$_2$O$_3$(1.16wt%)-NiO(0.88wt%)-MnO$_2$(0.71wt%)-Cr$_2$O$_3$(0.93wt%) according to Al$_2$O$_3$addtive was fabricated by sintering methods. The effects of Al$_2$O$_3$dopant on the I-V characteristics of ZnO varistors were investigated. These changes of electric properties were found to be caused by the variation of grains and grain boundary related to Al$_2$O$_3$dopting. And the conductive mechanism of ZnO varistor in prebreakdown region were investigated with defect model.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.87-92
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• 2015

Carbon thin films were deposited on STS 316L sheets by inductively coupled plasma enhanced magnetron sputtering with or without substrate bias voltage. Typical Raman spectrum for amorphous diamond-like carbon (DLC) was obtained, and the interfacial contact resistance (ICR) was measured to show its conductive nature. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to investigate the corrosion mechanism of the carbon coating under the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) condition. According to the pore-corrosion mechanism, the electrolyte penetrates the carbon coating through the pores and reacts with the substrate. As the substrate corrosion proceeds, the pore enlargement occurs and the surface area of the substrate exposed to the electrolyte. Applicability of the carbon coating for the PEMFC bipolar plate was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization experiments. Finally, an adhesion problem was briefly considered.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.170-170
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• 2009

From the analysis of current density-luminance-voltage characteristics of the double layered device in ITO/N,N'-diphenyl-N-N'bis(3-methylphenyl)-1,1'biphenyl-4,4'-diamine(TPD)/tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum($Alq_3$)/Al, we divided the conductive mechanism by four region according to applied voltage. We have obtained a coefficient of ${\beta}_{ST}$ in schottky region (I) is $4.14{\times}10^{-24}$ at the electric field of $3.2{\times}10^5$ V/cm, a slope in negative resistance region (II) appears negative properties decreasing the current density J for proportional in -1.58 square at a electric field of $7.3{\times}10^5$ V/cm. A coefficient of ${\beta}_{PF}$ in Poole-Frenkel region (III) is $8.28{\times}10^{-24}$ at the electric field of $8.4{\times}10^5$ V/cm, it was confirm어 that ${\beta}_{PF}$ is agrees with a value that relates with ${\beta}_{ST}$ such as ${\beta}_{PF}=2{\beta}_{ST}$ as the ${\beta}_{PF}$ and 2 ${\beta}_{ST}$ satisfied a theoretical prediction. And it was obtained a potential barrier of ${\Phi}_{FN}$ in Fower-Nordheim region(IV) is 0.3 eV at the electric field of $11.2{\times}10^5$ V/cm.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.697-707
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• 2019

This review paper deals with materials, classification, and a current article investigation on smart textile sensors for wearable vital signs monitoring (WVSM). Smart textile sensors can lose electrical conductivity during vital signs monitoring when applying them to clothing. Because they should have to endure severe conditions (bending, folding, and distortion) when wearing. Imparting electrical conductivity for application is a critical consideration when manufacturing smart textile sensors. Smart textile sensors fabricate by utilizing electro-conductive materials such as metals, allotrope of carbon, and intrinsically conductive polymers (ICPs). It classifies as performance level, fabric structure, intrinsic/extrinsic modification, and sensing mechanism. The classification of smart textile sensors by sensing mechanism includes pressure/force sensors, strain sensors, electrodes, optical sensors, biosensors, and temperature/humidity sensors. In the previous study, pressure/force sensors perform well despite the small capacitance changes of 1-2 pF. Strain sensors work reliably at 1 ㏀/cm or lower. Electrodes require an electrical resistance of less than 10 Ω/cm. Optical sensors using plastic optical fibers (POF) coupled with light sources need light in-coupling efficiency values that are over 40%. Biosensors can quantify by wicking rate and/or colorimetry as the reactivity between the bioreceptor and transducer. Temperature/humidity sensors require actuating triggers that show the flap opening of shape memory polymer or with a color-changing time of thermochromic pigment lower than 17 seconds.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.33-37
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• 2011

In this study, the degradation mechanism of mounted chip resistors with Ag-epoxy isotropic conductive adhesives (ICAs) under the humidity exposure ($85^{\circ}C$/85%RH) was examined by electrical resistance change and microstructural study. The effect of the chloride content in Ag-epoxy ICA on joint stability was also examined. The increasing range of the electrical resistance in the typical ICA joint was greater than that in the low Cl content ICA joint. In the case of the typical ICA joint, Sn oxides such as SnO, $SnO_2$, and Sn-Cl-O were formed inhomogeneously on the surface of the Sn plating during the $85^{\circ}C$/85%RH test. In contrast, no Sn-Cl-O was found in the low Cl content ICA joint during the $85^{\circ}C$/85%RH. It is suggested that Cl in Ag-epoxy ICA accelerate the electrical degradation of Sn plated chip components joined with Ag-epoxy ICA.