• 대한수학회보
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.731-742
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• 2007

Let X be a Banach space, $A:D(A){\subset}X{\rightarrow}X$ the generator of a compact $C_0-semigroup\;S(t):X{\rightarrow}X,\;t{\geq}0$, D a locally closed subset in X, and $f:(a,b){\times}C([-q,0];X){\rightarrow}X$ a function of Caratheodory type. The main result of this paper is that a necessary and sufficient condition in order that D be a viable domain of the semi linear differential equation of retarded type $$u#(t)=Au(t)+f(t,u_t),\;t{\in}[t_0,\;t_0+T],{u_t}_0={\phi}{\in}C([-q,0];X)$$ is the tangency condition $$\limits_{h{\downarrow}0}^{lim\;inf\;h^{-1}d(S(h)v(0)+hf(t,v);D)=0}$$ for almost every $t{\in}(a,b)$ and every $v{\in}C([-q,0];X)\;with\;v(0){\in}D$.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제39권10호
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• pp.38-45
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 기존의 Compact 2D FDTD(Finite-Difference Time-Domain)에 대한 고속 알고리즘으로써 시간간격 △t가 안정조건(Stability Condition)에 의해 제한받지 않는 Compact 2D ADI(Alternating Direction Implicit)-FDTD 차분식을 제안하였다. 또한 구현된 알고리즘의 정확성 및 효율성을 검증하기 위하여 내부가 공기로 채워져 있는 구형(Rectangular) 도파관과 차폐된 전송선로를 해석하였다. 본 논문의 결과는 기존의 Compact 2D FDTD의 결과 및 해석적인 해와 매우 잘 일치하며, 계산 소요시간도 기존의 Compact 2D FDTD에 비해 상당히 절약되었음을 확인하였다. 제안된 알고리즘은 도파관 구조의 분산 특성 연구에 있어 효율적인 고속화 기술로서 의미가 있다고 할 수 있다.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2008년 영문 학술대회
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• pp.173-181
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• 2008

Gas turbine engine for aircraft are usually operated at the altitude condition which is quite different from the ground condition. In order to measure the precise performance data at the altitude condition, the engine should be tested at the altitude condition by a real flight test or an altitude simulation test with an altitude test facility. In this paper describes the design of altitude test facility for turbo shaft engine. This facility will be located in test cell #2 at the Korea Aerospace Research Institute. Test Cell #2 will be used for altitude testing engines with mass flow rate up to 40kg/s and inlet temperatures in the range from $-65^{\circ}C$ to $200^{\circ}C$. The existing compressor/exhauster station with heater & cooler system will be used to simulate altitude conditions in Test Cell #2.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.159-165
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• 2019

Background: Dental procedures commonly involve the injection of local anesthetic agents, which causes apprehension in patients. The objective of dental practice is to provide painless treatment to the patient. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) in reducing the pain due to local anesthetic injection. Materials and Methods: A prospective, split-mouth study was conducted on 25 patients. In Condition A, LLLT was administered followed by the administration of a standard local anesthetic agent. Patients' perception of pain with use of LLLT was assessed based on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). In Condition B, LLLT was directed to the mucosa but not activated, followed by the administration of local anesthesia. VAS was used to assess the pain level without the use of LLLT. Results: Comparison between Condition A and Condition B was done. A P value < 0.001 was considered significant, indicating a definite statistical difference between the two conditions. Conclusion: In our study, we observed that LLLT reduced pain during injection of local anesthesia. Further multi-centric studies with a larger sample size and various modifications in the study design are required.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기설비전문위원
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• pp.10-12
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• 2005

This paper describes MV switchgear technology trends and diagnosis technology. MV switchgear has been rapidly changed into compact, reliability and safety situation. And suggested road-map to implement condition assessment or condition based maintenance. On-line diagnosis technology, life evaluation technology and system technology are suggested.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.1054-1061
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 2D 원통형 좌표계 구조를 해석하기 위한 전자기 수치 해석 방법 중 하나인 시간영역 유한차분법(FDTD)에서 필요한 흡수경계조건으로 UPML과 Liao 흡수경계조건을 비교하였다. 일반적인 2D 직각 좌표계에서는 UPML의 성능이 Liao의 흡수경계조건보다 우수하지만, 본 논문에서 가정한 2D 원통형 좌표계에서는 Liao에 의해 제안된 고유의 흡수경계조건이 UPML과 수정된 Liao 흡수경계조건보다 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 원통형 좌표계는 축에 대해서 대칭이기 때문에 3D 구조를 2D 구조로 가정할 수 있다는 점에서 안테나를 비롯한 다양한 마이크로파 회로의 특성해석에 널리 사용될 수 있는데, 정확한 수치해석 결과를 얻기 위해서 다양한 구조에 대한 흡수경계조건들의 비교와 검증이 필요하다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 사면안정 학술발표회
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• pp.213-220
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• 2000

Numerical modeling of cut slope has some limits in simulating the real slopes. In the case of 2D analysis of slope stability, it is assumed that slope is simply straight even when it is concave or convex in plan view. In this study, 3D analysis in curved shape slopes has been conducted for the comparison with 2D analysis in terms of failure mode and factor of safety. For this, 3D analysis by FLAC3D was compared with 2D analysis in plane strain condition and axi-symmetric model condition by FLAC. It was also observed how safety factors of slopes were affected by the variation of the tensile strength and cohesion, which are important variables to decide whether the slope fails or not. 2D analysis of concave slopes under plane strain condition showed much smaller safety factors by 16-40 % errors depending on the radius of curvature of slopes, compared to the more realistic values from 3D analysis. In case of convex slopes, the lower values by 7-10 % has been reported. 2D analysis of axi-symmetric model showed also smaller safety factors by 6-10 % and by 2-4 %, in case of concave and convex slopes, respectively. Such results are expected to contribute to the better understanding of failure process and could be applied for improved design of slopes.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.647-653
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• 2015

Extreme value theory concerns the distributional properties of the maximum of a random sample; subsequently, it has been significantly extended to stationary random sequences satisfying weak dependence restrictions. We focus on distributional mixing condition $D(u_n)$ and the Berman condition based on covariance among weak dependence restrictions. The former is assumed for general stationary sequences and the latter for stationary normal processes; however, both imply the same distributional limit of the maximum of the normal process. In this paper $D(u_n)$ condition is shown weaker than Berman's covariance condition. Examples are given where the Berman condition is satisfied but the distributional mixing is not.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2017

PURPOSES : In this paper, the flow of construction material was simulated using computational fluid dynamics in a 2D axisymmetric condition to evaluate the effect of initial or varying material properties on the final shape of a specimen. METHODS : The CFD model was verified by using a well-known analytical solution for a given test condition followed by performing a sensitivity analysis to evaluate the effect of material properties on the final shape of material. Varying dynamic viscosity and yield stress were also considered. RESULTS : The CFD model in a 2D axisymmetric condition agreed with the analytical solution for most yield stress conditions. Minor disagreements observed at high yield stress conditions indicate improper application of the pure shear assumption for the given material behavior. It was also observed that the variation of yield stress and dynamic viscosity during curing had a meaningful effect on the final shape of the specimen. CONCLUSIONS : It is concluded that CFD modeling in a 2D axisymmetric condition is good enough to evaluate fluidal characteristics of material. The model is able to consider varying yield stress and viscosity during curing. The 3D CFD-DEM coupled model may be required to consider the interaction of aggregates in fluid.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.283-290
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• 2004

The single-step process for conversion of syngas to DME give higher conversion than the syngas-to-methanol process. This arises because of a synergy among the three simultaneous reaction, methanol synthesis, methanol dehydration and water gas shift reaction, in the process. we would find the optimal condition of the process which these advantages. The optimal condition of DME synthesis reaction over a commercial $Cu/Zn/Al_2O_3$ catalyst and Hybrid catalyst in a fixed bed reactor. The syngas-to-dimethyl ether conversion was examined on various reaction condition (Temperature 473~553K, $H_2/CO$ ratio 1~3, Pressure 30'50atm, GHSV 1000~4000).