• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.759-766
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• 2013

As passive safety features for nuclear power plants receive increasing attention, various studies have been conducted to develop safety systems for 3rd-generation (GEN-III) nuclear power plants that are driven by passive systems. The Passive Auxiliary Feedwater System (PAFS) is one of several passive safety systems being designed for the Advanced Power Reactor Plus (APR+), and extensive studies are being conducted to complete its design and to verify its feasibility. Because the PAFS removes decay heat from the reactor core under transient and accident conditions, it is necessary to evaluate the heat removal capability of the PAFS under hypothetical accident conditions. The heat removal capability of the PAFS is strongly dependent on the heat transfer at the condensate tube in Passive Condensation Heat Exchanger (PCHX). To evaluate the model of heat transfer coefficient for condensation, the Multi-dimensional Analysis of Reactor Safety (MARS) code is used to simulate the experimental results from PAFS Condensing Heat Removal Assessment Loop (PASCAL). The Shah model, a default model for condensation heat transfer coefficient in the MARS code, under-predicts the experimental data from the PASCAL. To improve the calculation result, The Thome model and the new version of the Shah model are implemented and compared with the experimental data.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.254-260
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• 2007

Trichloroethylene(TCE) is widely used as a degreasing solvent in workplaces. TCE is primarily toxic to the nervous system, however, systemic disorder like Stevens-Johnson syndrome has been recently reported in small-scale factories, where the government has had limited information of chemical use. A survey was performed to investigate the actual condition of using TCE and to provide practical information to occupational health service agencies and professionals. This survey was carried out on 103 factories out of 430 factories which were conducted periodic work environment measurement for TCE. Degreasing was the most popular reason for using TCE in Korea, which reached to 94%. TCE was also used as a solvent for rubber in the coating or molding process, and adhesives in the bonding process. Metal fabrication was the most common as 23%, followed by assembling automobile parts (17%), and machinery (12%). Workers exposed to TCE during full-shift were 52% while 48% were exposed during short period of the shift or intermittently. Manual or semi-automatic work occupied 87% while automatic work was just 13%. Though automatic work by a closed system was generally lower exposed to TCE, compared to manual work, it can cause a high exposure when the maintenance system is improper. Semi-automatic work especially like open-top degreasing process can cause a high exposure when local exhaust system with condensing and refrigerating coils in the degreaser does not work well. In conclusion, the survey showed nationwide status of TCE exposure in various aspects. It can be used to monitor workplaces and workers exposed to TCE to prevent occupational diseases.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.38-47
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• 2005

Substructuring methods are often used in finite element structural analyses. In this study a multi-level substructuring(MLSS) algorithm is developed and proposed as a possible candidate for finite element fluid solvers. The present algorithm consists of four stages such as a gathering, a condensing, a solving and a scattering stage. At each level, a predetermined number of elements are gathered and condensed to form an element of higher level. At the highest level, each sub-domain consists of only one super-element. Thus, the inversion process of a stiffness matrix associated with internal degrees of freedom of each sub-domain has been replaced by a sequential static condensation of gathered element matrices. The global algebraic system arising from the assembly of each sub-domain matrices is solved using a well-known iterative solver such as the conjugare gradient(CG) or the conjugate gradient squared(CGS) method. A time comparison with CG has been performed on a 2-D Poisson problem. With one domain the computing time by MLSS is comparable with that by CG up to about 260,000 d.o.f. For 263,169 d.o.f using 8 x 8 sub-domains, the time by MLSS is reduced to a value less than $30\%$ of that by CG. The lid-driven cavity problem has been solved for Re = 3200 using the element interpolation degree(Deg.) up to cubic. in this case, preconditioning techniques usually accompanied by iterative solvers are not needed. Finite element formulation for the incompressible flow has been stabilized by a modified residual procedure proposed by Ilinca et al.[9].

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.182-188
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• 2011

본 논문은 R744-R404A용 캐스케이드 냉동시스템의 기초 설계자료를 제공하기 위해서 성능특성에 대해 분석하였다. 작동변수로는 R404A용 고온사이클과 R744용 저온사이클의 과냉각도와 과열도, 압축효율, 응축과 증발온도이다. 이에 대한 주요결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 고온사이클에만 과열도를 주는 것이 가장 높은 COP를 가지는 반면에 저온 고온사이클 모두에 대해 과냉도를 주는 것이 가장 높은 COP를 가진다. 과열도, 과냉각도, 압축효율, 증발온도, 응축온도 등의 인자들이 R744와 R404A용 캐스케이드 냉동사이클의 COP에 영향을 미치는 것을 확인할 수 있었고, 이들 각각의 인자들은 캐스케이드 냉동사이클의 성능을 최대로 하는 캐스케이드 증발온도가 존재함을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.189-195
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• 2011

본 논문은 R744-R404A용 캐스케이드 냉동시스템의 기초 설계자료를 제공하기 위해서 COP 예측 상관식을 제안하고 그 결과를 타 상관식과 비교하였다. 작동변수로는 R404A용 고온사이클과 R744용 저온사이클의 과냉각도와 과열도, 압축기효율, 응축과 증발온도이다. 이에 대한 주요결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 다중회귀 분석을 통해 R744-R404A용 캐스케이드 냉동시스템의 성능 예측식을 제안하였고, 그 결과를 타 연구자들의 상관식과 비교하였다. 그 결과 본 연구에서 제안한 성능 예측식은 타 연구자들의 상관식과 일치하지 않았다. 따라서 향후 R744-R404A용 캐스케이드 냉동시스템에 대한 추가 실험 데이터와 본 연구에서 제안한 COP 예측 상관식을 비교하여 그 신뢰성을 확보할 필요가 있다.

• 한국컴퓨터산업학회논문지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.103-106
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• 2007

동영상 데이터베이스 시스템을 구축하려면 동영상의 샷 경계 검출이 먼저 이루어져야 한다. 그러나 이 과정이 자동화되지 않아 많은 시간과 노력이 필요하다. 샷 경계 검출 알고리즘은 많이 연구되고 있으나 영상 편집시 사용된 편집 효과의 발전에 의하여 완벽한 검출은 매우 어려운 실정이다. 따라서 정확한 샷 경계를 얻기 위해서는 수작업에 의한 검증과 수정이 꼭 필요하다. 시공간 슬라이스는 영상의 내용 변화를 요약한 한 장의 이미지이다. 편집 효과는 수직선, 사선, 곡선, 점진적 색상의 변화 등 시각적으로 인지 가능한 형태로 시공간 슬라이스에 표현된다. 따라서 영상을 재생시키지 않고도 시공간 슬라이스의 변화만으로 샷 경계를 쉽고 빠르게 찾아낼 수 있다. 이 논문에서 제안하고 구현한 시스템은 시공간 슬라이스 상에서 오검출 키 프레임을 삭제할 수 있으며 미검출 된 키 프레임을 생성할 수 있도록 하였다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제11권3_4호통권43호
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• pp.133-140
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• 1980

In order to develop the radio-immunoassay procedure for the ginsenoside $Rg_1$ we prepared the $Rg_1-BSA$ conjugate and $Rg_1-tyramine$ conjugate by condensing the $Rg_1-azide$, which was prepared by a series of six step chemical modification of the $Rg_1-side$ chain, with bovine serum albumin(BSA) or with tyramine. Rabbits were immunized by repeated injection of $Rg_1-BSA$ conjugate with Freund's Complete Adjuvant for 5 month long to obtain very potent $anti-Rg_1$ serum. The radio-labelled haptene was prepared by direct radio-iodination $(125_J)$ of $Rg_1-tyramine$ according to the chloramine-T method. The radio-immunoassay procedure was successfully furnished by using DCC method (dextran coated charcoal) and the anti-body titer of the anti-serum was found as being $1600{\sim}3200$ by using 15000cpm tracer per test. Calibration test using non-labelled $Rg_1$ showed linear competetive binding response in the $(8-300){\times}34pg$. range of non-labelled $Rg_1$. The cross reaction test using 19 ginsenoside analogues enabled us a full structure-activity analysis on the antigen-antibody reaction that the anti-body in the serum would recognize the full structure of ginsenoside $Rg_1$ except the side chain moiety.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.1245-1252
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• 2001

The condensation pressure drop for pure refrigerants R-22, R-134a, and a binary refrigerant mixture R-410A flowing in a small diameter tube was investigated. The test section is a counterflow heat exchanger with refrigerant flowing in the inner tube and coolant flowing in the annulus. The test section consists of 1220 [mm] length with horizontal copper tube of 3.38 [mm] outer diameter and 1.77 [mm] inner diameter. The refrigerant mass fluxes ranged from 450 to 1050 [kg/(㎡$.$s)] and the average inlet and outlet qualities were 0.05 and 0.95, respectively. The main experimental results were summarized as follows : In the case of single-phase flow, the pressure drop of R-134a is much higher than that of R-22 and R-410A for the same Reynolds number. The friction factors for small diameter tubes are higher than those predicted by Blasius equation. In the case of two-phase flow, the pressure drop increases with increasing mass flux and decreasing quality. The pressure drop of R-134a is much higher than that of R-22 and R-410A for the same mass flux. Most of correlations proposed in the large diameter tube showed enormous deviations with experimental data. However, the correlation predicted by Honda et al showed relatively good agreement with experimental data for R-134.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2012

A dual loop waste heat recovery system with Rankine steam cycles for the improvement of fuel efficiency of gasoline vehicles has been investigated. A high temperature loop (HT loop) only recovers the heat of the exhaust gas. A low temperature loop (LT loop) recovers the residual heat from the HT loop, the coolant heat and the remaining exhaust gas heat. The two separate loops are coupled with a heat exchanger. This paper has dealt with a layout of the dual loop system, the review of the working fluids, and the design of the cycle. The design point and the target heat recovery of the HT boiler, a core part of a HT loop, have been presented. The prototype of the HT boiler was evaluated by experiment. For the performance evaluation of the HT boiler, inlet temperature of the HT boiler working fluid was set equal to the temperature degree of sub-cool of $5^{\circ}C$ at the condensing pressure. The exit condition was the degree of super-heat set at $5^{\circ}C$. The characteristics of the HT boiler such as heat recovery and pressure drops of fluids were evaluated with varying flow rates and inlet temperatures of exhaust gas under various evaporating pressure conditions.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.283-296
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• 1992

The Keumryeong deposits is a low grade copper deposits in which copper minerals form disseminated grains and thin veinlets in felsic volcanics seem to be dacite. Alteration of the volcanics consists mainly pervasive propylitization and silicification. Potassic alteration characterized by biotite developed locally adjacent to southwestern contact of granodiorite body. Principal sulfide minerals in altered zone are mainly pyrite and lesser chalcopyrite. Chalcopyrite content in potassic zone is relatively higher than that of surrounding propylitized zone. Pyrite and chalcopyrite accompanies magnetite, molybdenite, sphalerite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, pentlandite, marcasite, hematite, ilmenite, rutile, bismuthinite and native Bi as disseminations, veinlets and knots. Granodiorite body is propylitized and contains veinlets of pyrite, chalcopyrite and molybdenite. Fluid inclusions in sulfide-bearing quartz veinlets and quartz grains of felsic volcanics and granodiorite in altered zone consist of liquid-rich, vapor-rich, $CO_2-bearing$ and halite-bearing inclusions. These four types of inclusion intimately associated on a microscopic scale and indicate condensing or boiling of ore fluid during mineralization. Homogenization temperature of coexisting fluid inclusions are mostly in the range of 350 to $450^{\circ}C$. High salinity fluid contains 28.6 to 48.4 weight percent NaCI equivalent and moderate salinity fluid cotains 0.5 to 12.5 weight percent NaCl equivalent. Pressure estimated from $CO_2$ mole fraction of $CO_2-bearing$ inclusion range 160 to 375 bars. The Kigu copper deposits is a fissure filling copper vein developed 500 m south from the Keumryong deposits. Mineralogy and fluid inclusion data of the Kigu deposits are similar to that of the Keumryeong deposits. Homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions from the Kigu deposits are reasonable agreement with temperature estimated from sulfidation curve of cubanite-chalcopyrite-pyrite-pyrrhotite and pyrite-pyrrhotite mineral assemblages. Not only mineral occurrence and wall rock alteration in the Keumryeong deposits but also fluid inclusion data such as temperature, salinity, pressure and boiling evidences are similar to those of porphyry copper deposits.