• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.483-497
• /
• 2014

Objectives: The aims of study were developing cut-off value of Yin-deficiency questionnaire (YDQ) for diagnosis of Yin-deficiency (YD) and compare diagnostic ability between YDQ and Yin-deficiency scale score (YDS) in xerostomia patients. Methods: We recruited 58 xerostomia patients. They were diagnosed YD or non-YD by 3 Korean medicine doctors (KMD). We assessed YD using YDQ and YDS. We evaluated xerostomia using VAS, Dry Mouth Symptom Questionnaire (DMSQ), Salivary Flow Rate (SFR), oral moisture on buccal mucosa and tongue surface (OMB and OMT). We surveyed tongue coatings using Winkel Tongue Coating Index (WTCI). Results: We diagnosed 23 patients YD and 35 patients non-YD. There were no significant differences of age, sex and body mass index between the YD and non-YD groups. Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the optimal cut-off value of YDQ was defined as 304. Sensitivity, specificity and Youden index of YDQ were 86.96%, 71.43% and 1.5839 respectively. Using Cohen's coefficient of agreement, we found that degree of agreement between KMD and YDQ diagnosis was moderate (${\kappa}$=0.524, p<0.001). Using Pearson's correlation analysis, we found concurrent validity of YDQ and YDS were significant correlated. Using area under curve value, we found diagnostic ability between YDQ and YDS were not significantly different (p=0.505), but there were more strong correlations between DMSQ-symptoms and YDQ (r=0.731, p<0.001) than correlations between DMSQ-symptoms and YDS (r=0.418, p<0.01). Conclusions: The cut-off value of YDQ can diagnose YD in xerostomia and diagnostic ability of YDQ in xerostomia is better than YDS.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.82-90
• /
• 2017

Purpose: This study investigated the MRI, MR angiography (MRA) and MR perfusion findings of seizure-related cerebral cortical lesions during the periictal period. Materials and Methods: From a retrospective review of the institutional database between 2011 and 2014, a total of 21 patients were included in this study. Two radiologists assessed periictal MRI, including MRA and MR perfusion, in patients with seizure-related cortical lesions. The parameters examined include: location of cortical abnormality, multiplicity of the affected cortical region, cerebral vascular dilatation, perfusion abnormality and other parenchymal lesions. Results: All patients showed T2 hyperintense cerebral cortical lesions with accompanying diffusion restriction, either unilateral (18/21, 85.7%) or bilateral (3/21, 14.3%). Of the 21 patients enrolled, 10 (47.6%) had concurrent T2 hyperintense thalamic lesions, and 10 (47.6%) showed hippocampal involvement. Of the 17 patients (81%) who underwent MRA, 13 (76.5%) showed vascular dilatation with increased flow signal in the cerebral arteries of the affected cortical regions. On MR perfusion, all 5 patients showed cortical hyperperfusion, corresponding to the region of cortical abnormalities. Conclusion: Seizure-related cerebral cortical lesions are characterized by T2 and diffusion hyperintensities, with corresponding cerebral hyperperfusion and vascular dilatation. These findings can be helpful for making an accurate diagnosis in patients with seizure.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.2 no.3
• /
• pp.65-73
• /
• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of a kinesio tape on inspiratory muscle training(IMT) to improve muscle strength, endurance and pulmonary function. Methods: Healthy 20 males were divided into IMT group (control group) and IMT with tape group (experimental group). The same IMT program was applied to both groups using the Respifit S for four weeks, three times a week, a total 12 times. To exprimental group, kinesio tape was applied on the inspiratory agonist diaphragm and the accessory inspiratory muscle scalene, sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis minor. The inspiratory pulmonary muscle strength was measured by the maximal inspiratory pressure (PI max) and minute volume (MV) using the Respifit S and the pulmonary function were measured peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1sec (FEV1), FEV1/FVC using the Spirometer and compared before and after. Results: Results showed that the PI max in the two groups increased significantly and experimental group increased more effectively than that of control group. However, only MV showed a significant increase in experimental group but was not significantly different between the two groups. PEF and FEV1/FVC are significantly increased in both groups, but they did not make much difference between two groups, and the FVC for the two groups did not increase significantly. FEV1 increased significantly only with control group, but did not make a difference with experimental group. Conclusion: These result show that the PI max value for experimental group increased significantly than that of control group. Therefore kinesio tape maximizes inspiratory muscle exercise effect on muscle strength improvement. However, because of the short experimental period and difficulty in subject control, increase values of the others did not show a significant difference. In other words, kinesio tape did not show maximizing the inspiratory muscle exercise effect to improve endurance and pulmonary function.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.60 no.6
• /
• pp.939-952
• /
• 2016

A compression to tensile load transforming (CTT) device was developed to determine indirect tensile strength of concrete material. Before CTT test, Particle flow code was used for the determination of the standard dimension of physical samples. Four numerical models with different dimensions were made and were subjected to tensile loading. The geometry of the model with ideal failure pattern was selected for physical sample preparation. A concrete slab with dimensions of $15{\times}19{\times}6cm$ and a hole at its center was prepared and subjected to tensile loading using this special loading device. The ratio of hole diameter to sample width was 0.5. The samples were made from a mixture of water, fine sand and cement with a ratio of 1-0.5-1, respectively. A 30-ton hydraulic jack with a load cell applied compressive loading to CTT with the compressive pressure rate of 0.02 MPa per second. The compressive loading was converted to tensile stress on the sample because of the overall test design. A numerical modeling was also done to analyze the effect of the hole diameter on stress concentrations of the hole side along its horizontal axis to provide a suitable criterion for determining the real tensile strength of concrete. Concurrent with indirect tensile test, the Brazilian test was performed to compare the results from two methods and also to perform numerical calibration. The numerical modeling shows that the models have tensile failure in the sides of the hole along the horizontal axis before any failure under shear loading. Also the stress concentration at the edge of the hole was 1.4 times more than the applied stress registered by the machine. Experimental Results showed that, the indirect tensile strength was clearly lower than the Brazilian test strength.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
• /
• v.51 no.4
• /
• pp.292-298
• /
• 2018

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune central nervous system disease characterized by inflammation with oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate an anti-inflammatory effect of Ishige okamurae on EAE-induced paralysis in rats. An ethanolic extract of I. okamurae significantly delayed the first onset and reduced the duration and severity of hind-limb paralysis. The neuropathological and immunohistochemical findings in the spinal cord were in agreement with these clinical results. T-cell proliferation assay revealed that the ethyl-acetate fraction of I. okamurae suppressed the proliferation of myelin basic protein reactive T cells from EAE affected rats. Flow cytometric analysis showed $TCR{\alpha}{\beta}^+$ T cells was significantly reduced in the spleen of EAE rats with I. okamurae treatment with concurrent decrease of inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ and cyclooxygenase-2. Collectively, it is postulated that I. okamurae ameliorates EAE paralysis with suppression of T-cell proliferation as well as decrease of pro-inflammatory mediators as far as rat EAE is concerned.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.12 no.11
• /
• pp.5179-5202
• /
• 2018

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is the most widely used protocol in the cloud data centers today. However, cloud data centers using TCP experience many issues as TCP was designed based on the assumption that it would primarily be used in Wide Area Networks (WANs). One of the major issues with TCP in the cloud data centers is the Incast issue. This issue arises because of the many-to-one communication pattern that commonly exists in the modern cloud data centers. In many-to-one communication pattern, multiple senders simultaneously send data to a single receiver. This causes packet loss at the switch buffer which results in TCP throughput collapse that leads to high Flow Completion Time (FCT). Recently, Software-Defined Networking (SDN) has been used by many researchers to mitigate the Incast issue. In this paper, a detailed survey of various SDN based solutions to the Incast issue is carried out. In this survey, various SDN based solutions are classified into four categories i.e. TCP Receive Window based solutions, Tuning TCP Parameters based solutions, Quick Recovery based solutions and Application Layer based solutions. All the solutions are critically evaluated in terms of their principles, advantages, and shortcomings. Another important feature of this survey is to compare various SDN based solutions with respect to different performance metrics e.g. maximum number of concurrent senders supported, calculation of delay at the controller etc. These performance metrics are important for deployment of any SDN based solution in modern cloud data centers. In addition, future research directions are also discussed in this survey that can be explored to design and develop better SDN based solutions to the Incast issue.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.40-47
• /
• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study is to prove the reliability and validity of the Power breath K5 and to compare it with pony FX. Power breathe K5 is one type of device can assess automatically Maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), Peak inspiratory pressure, Peak inspiratory flow (PIF). Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Thirty-five COPD patients participated in the test to investigate for the intra relater reliability and concurrent validity. The tests MIP, Vital capacity (VC), PIF were measured by Powerbreathe K5 and Pony Fx. Data was analyzed by intraclass correlation reliability (ICC) value and a standard error of measurement and Bland-Altman plots for reliability and pearson correlation for validity. Results: Intra rater reliability of the Powerbreathe K5 was very high at MIP (ICC=0.977 95%CI 0.956~0.989, SEM=8.665, MDC=0.295), PIF (ICC=0.966 95%CI 0.933~0.93, SEM=8.665, MDC=0.295), VC (ICC=0.949 95CI 0.902~0.974, SEM=0.042, MDC=0.116). The Powerbreath K5 was significant correlation compared with Pony Fx in assessment for MIP (r=0.971, p<0.05) and vital capacity (r=0.534, p<0.05). Conclusion: In this study, We investigated the clinical usefulness of the Powerbreath K5 in evaulating the MIP, VC and PIF with COPD patients with high reliability and validity.

• Advances in concrete construction
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.199-213
• /
• 2022

Experimental and discrete element approaches were used to examine the effects of F shape non-persistent joints on the failure behaviour of concrete under uniaxial compressive test. concrete specimens with dimensions of 200 cm×200 cm×50 cm were provided. Within the specimen, F shape non-persistent joint consisting three joints were provided. The large joint length was 6 cm, and the length of two small joints were 2 cm. Vertical distance between two small joints change from 1.5 cm to 4.5 cm with increment of 1.5 cm. In constant joint lengths, the angle of large joint change from 0° to 90° with increments of 30°. Totally 12 different models were tested under compression test. The axial load rate on the model was 0.05 mm/min. Concurrent with experimental tests, numerical simulation (Particle flow code in two dimension) were performed on the models containing F shape non-persistent joint. Distance between small joints and joint angles were similar to experimental one. the results indicated that the failure process was mostly governed by both of the Distance between small joints and joint angles. The axial loading rate on the model was 0.05 mm/min. The compressive strengths of the samples were related to the fracture pattern and failure mechanism of the discontinuities. Furthermore, it was shown that the compressive behaviour of discontinuities is related to the number of the induced tensile cracks which are increased by increasing the joint angle. In the first, there were only a few acoustic emission (AE) hits in the initial stage of loading, and then AE hits rapidly grow before the applied stress reached its peak. Furthermore, a large number of AE hits accompanied every stress drop. Finally, the failure pattern and failure strength are similar in both approaches i.e., the experimental testing and the numerical simulation approaches.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.565-589
• /
• 2009

The present study explored the major components of adaptive game behavior among adolescents in Korea. Based on relevant research and a pilot testing, an Adaptive Game Use Scale (AGUS) was developed and validated. A stratified sampling procedure was used to draw a representative sample, and a total of 600 male and female students from middle schools and high schools in various regions participated in the study. Factor analyses revealed 7 facets of adaptive game behavior, including experiencing vitality, expanding life experience, making good use of leisure time, experiencing flow, exercising control, experiencing self-esteem, maintaining and expanding social network. Internal consistency and temporal stability(4 weeks) of the scale were both high. A confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a 7-factor hierarchical model fits well with the data. Moreover, additional analyses suggested that AGUS and game addiction are conceptually distinct. Correlational analyses also indicated that AGUS has good discriminant validity and concurrent validity. Implications of the findings and future directions were discussed.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.41 no.1
• /
• pp.30-36
• /
• 2024

A 3-year-old, 20.6 kg, neutered male German Shepherd dog was referred to Kyungpook National University Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital. Clinical examination revealed chronic diarrhea for 6 weeks and a non-tender, distended abdomen without lethargy, anorexia, and vomiting. Diarrhea was watery and had a waxing and waning course despite symptomatic treatment. A complete blood count identified mild leukocytosis and mild anemia. Serum biochemistry analysis showed elevated alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, and mild hypoalbuminemia. Abdominal ultrasound examination revealed mixed echogenicity with absent blood flow at the caudate process of the caudate liver lobe and a small amount of ascites. Computed tomography revealed torsion of the caudate process of the caudate liver lobe and spleen and gas dilatation of the intestine. After establishing a diagnosis of organ torsion on imaging, we deemed the condition an emergency and immediately performed surgery. Given that laparotomy confirmed organ torsion, liver lobectomy, total splenectomy, and prophylactic gastropexy were conducted. The patient was discharged 11 days after surgery without complications. In general, liver lobe torsion and splenic torsion are uncommon in dogs and present with nonspecific clinical signs, such as abdominal pain, lethargy, anorexia, and vomiting. In the current case, torsion of the caudate liver lobe and spleen occurred without other clinical signs except for a distended abdomen. Moreover, no reports in dogs have demonstrated the simultaneous occurrence of both diseases.