• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.370-377
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• 2013

Traumatic brain injury(TBI) is a brain damage caused by an external physical force. TBI patients have disturbances of functioning including attention, memory, reasoning,, executive function, and pragmatic language. The aim of this study was to develop the cognitive-pragmatic language ability assessment protocol for traumatic brain injury(CAPTBI) and to evaluate reliability and validity. This study was also conducted to investigate domains that contributed to differentiate between the normal and TBI groups. The CAPTBI data were obtained from 226 normal adults and 62 TBI patients(mean age=$43.95{\pm}11.92$, $46.37{\pm}11.87$, M:F=110:116, 48:14). The CAPTBI had high item internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct validity, and concurrent validity. The normal group performed significantly better than the TBI group in all domains of the CAPTBI and the separate scores for 9 domains. All 9 domains were found to be significant variables to discriminate between the two groups. The most powerful variable was executive function followed by memory, organization, pragmatic language, problem-solving, attention, orientation, reasoning, and visuoperception in order. The CAPTBI could discriminate between the two groups accurately by 95.5%. This result demonstrated that 97.3% of normal adults and 88.7% of TBI patients could be discriminated by CAPTBI. In conclusion, The CAPTBI is appropriate for evaluating and identifying cognitive-pragmatic language disorders in TBI patients.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.512-527
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• 2001

In a client-server spatial database, it is desirable to maintain the cached data in a client side to minimize the communication overhead across a network. This paper deals with the issues of concurrency and consistency of map updates in this environment. A client transaction to update map data is an interactive work and takes a long time to complete it. The map update in a client site may affect the other sites'updates because of dependencies between spatial data stored at different sites. The concurrent updates should be propagated to the other clients as well as the server to keep the consistency of map replicated in a client cache, and also the communication overhead of the update propagation should be minimized not to lose the benefit of caching. The newly proposed cache region locking with CR lock and CX lock controls the update dependency due to spatial relationships. CS lock and COD lock are suggested to use optimistic detection-based approaches for guaranteeing the consistency of cached client data. The cooperative update protocol uses these extended locking primitives and Spatial Relationship-based 2PC (SR-based 2PC). This paper argues that the concurrent updates of cached client spatial data can be achieved by deciding on collaborative updates or independent updates based on spatial relationships.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 1999

Purpose : To evaluate possible acute toxicity and early response of concurrent radiation therapy and low dose daily cisplatin as a radiosensitizer in patients with locally advanced uterine cervical carcinomas. Materials and Method : From December 1996 to January 1999, 38 previously untreated Patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix (from stage IIB to stage IIIB) were treated at Inha University Hospital. All patients underwent standard pretreatment staging Procedures after the initial evaluation by gynecologists and radiation oncologists. Sixteen Patients with huge cervical mass (>4 cm) were submitted to the group treated with concurrent radiation therapy and low dose daily cisplatin while the remainder was treated with radiation therapy alone. Radiation therapy consisted of 4500 cGy external beam irradiation to whole pelvis (midline block after 3000 cGy), 900$\~$1000 cGy boost to involved parametrium, and high dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy (a total dose of 3000$\~$3500 cGy/500 cGy per fraction to point A, twice per week). In the group treated with low dose cisplatin concurrently, 10 mg of daily intravenous cisplatin was given from the 1st day of radiation therapy to the 20th day of radiation therapy. Acute toxicity was measured according to expanded common toxicity criteria of the NCI (C) Clinical Trials. Early response data were analyzed at minimum 4 weeks' follow-up after completion of the treatment protocol. Results: Hematolgic toxici쇼 was more prominent in patients treated with radiation therapy and cisplatin. Six of 16 patients (37.5$\~$) treated with radiation therapy and cisplatin and one of 22 patients (4.5$\~$) treated with radiation therapy alone experienced grade 3 leukopenia. In Fisher's exact test, there was statistically significant difference between two groups regarding leukopenia (P=0.030). There was no apparent difference in the frequency of gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicity between two groups (P=0.066). Three of 16 patients (18.7$\~$) treated with radiation therapy and cisplatin and two of 22 patients (9.1$\~$) treated with radiation therapy alone experienced more than 5 kg weight loss during the treatment. There was no statistically significant difference on weight loss between two groups (P=0.63). Two patients on each group were not evaluable for the early response because of incomplete treatment. The complete response rate at four weeks' follow-up was 80$\~$(16/20) for the radiation therapy alone group and 78$\~$ (11/14) for the radiation therapy and cisplatin group. There was no statistically significant difference in early response between two treatment groups (P=0.126). Conclusion : This study led to the conclusion that the hematologic toxicity from the treatment with concurrent radiation therapy and low dose daily cisplatin seems to be more prominent than that from the treatment of radiation therapy alone. There was no grade 4 hematologic toxicity or mortality in both groups. The hematologic toxicity in both treatment groups seems to be well managable modically. Since the risk factors were not balanced between two treatment groups, the direct comparison of early response of both groups was not possible. However, preliminary results regarding early response for patients with bulky cervical tumor mass treated with radiation therapy and low dose daily cisplatin was encouraging. Longer follow-up is necessary to evaluate the survival data. A phase III study is needed to evaluate the efficacy of concurrent daily low dose cisplatin with radiation therapy in bulky cervical cancer.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.210-216
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• 2000

Place/Transition(P/T) nets has been used in protocol verification and concurrent system verification since it is suitable for describing concurrency and provides several well-established verification techniques. And it has been used as a base formalism for such high-level Petri nets as colored Petri nets, object-oriented Petri nets and etc. However, when analyzing complex models using P/T nets and P/T nets-based high-level Petri nets, there may be state explosion in reachability analysis due to improper handling of concurrency. In this paper, we define a structural concurrency in P/T nets, propose a partitioning algorithm based on the detected structural concurrency, and provide analysis techniques for such properties as boundedness of places and liveness of transitions, which are performed on compositional reachability graphs. The analysis techniques based on Petri net slices can be used in efficiently analyzing P/T nets-based high-level Petri net models as well as P/T net models.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.92-97
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• 2012

Objective : This study was performed to determine the safety and outcome of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) and adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide for Korean patients with a newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Methods : Patients were recruited from four institutions between 2004 and 2007. The patients received fractionated focal irradiation in daily fractions of 2 Gy given 5 days per week for 6 weeks and daily temozolomide, followed by 6 cycles of adjuvant temozolomide. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) and the secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), response, and safety. Results : A total of 103 patients were enrolled in this study. Ninety-six patients (93%) completed the CCRT and 54 patients (52%) received 6 cycles of adjuvant temozolomide. The response rate was 73% (53/73) and the tumor control rate was 92% (67/73). Of the 96 patients who completed the CCRT, the median OS was 18.0 months and the 1- and 2-year OS rates were 74 and 38%, respectively. The median PFS was 10.0 months and the 1- and 2-year PFS rates were 33 and 16%, respectively. The only significant prognostic factor of survival was the extent of surgical resection (p<0.05). CCRT resulted in grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxic effects in 8% of patients. No opportunistic infections were noted. Conclusion : This study is the first prospective multi-institutional report of CCRT and adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide for patients with a newly diagnosed glioblastoma in Korea. The current protocol may prolong the survival of Korean patients with a glioblastoma and may be tolerable in terms of toxicity.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.1061-1072
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• 1999

한 개 이상의 사이트에 공간 데이타가 중복 저장된 분산 공간 DB에서, 동시에 수행될 수 있는 긴 트랜잭션의 변경은 일관성 제어를 위해 다른 사이트에 전파되어야 한다. 이때 같은 영역의 공간 데이타를 서로 다른 사이트에서 동시에 변경할 경우, 변경 상충 문제가 발생하거나 잠금 기법에 의한 오랜 대기 시간이 초래되는 문제가 있다. 또한 공간 객체는 잠금의 대상이 아닌 공간 관련성에 의한 종속성을 가진다.이 논문은 긴 트랜잭션으로 중복된 공간 데이타를 변경할 경우 중복 제어를 위한 변경 전파와 동시성 제어 문제를 다룬다. 중복된 공간 데이타의 변경 병렬성을 향상시키기 위해 영역 잠금 및 SR-bound WRITE 잠금 기법을 제시한다. 한 사이트에서 수정하는 객체들과 다른 사이트에서 수정하는 객체들 사이에 공간 관련성에 의한 종속성이 없을 경우 병렬 수정을 허용하도록 제어하며, 공간 관련성에 의한 종속성이 있을 경우 SR-based 2PC라 불리는, 확장된 2단계 완료 프로토콜로 협동작업을 수행해서 변경 상충을 해결하는 새로운 중복 제어 기법을 설계하고 구현한다.Abstract The update of a long transaction should be propagated to the other sites for consistency control, when spatial database are replicated at multiple sites to achieve availability, reliability, and performance. When the replicated spatial data are updated at the same time, the update of one site would be conflicted with the other or a user would not be able to access the replicated spatial data under the control of locking. Two spatial objects having spatial relationships should be cooperatively updated even if there are no conflicts of locking for them.This paper deals with the issues of concurrency control and update propagation of replicated spatial data. We present the concept of region lock and SR-bound WRITE lock for enhancing the parallelism of updating the replicated spatial data. If there are no spatial relationships between one site's objets and the other's objects, parallel update would be allowed. Concurrent update of two spatial objects having spatial relationships should be propagated and cooperated by using an extended two-phase commit protocol, called spatial relationship-based 2PC.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2008

The development of IT and explosively growing number of Internet users are rapidly spreading and developing e-commerce, while creating diverse on-line transaction methods such as a negotiation, a reverse auction, and a bid. Among these transaction methods, the transactions by means of a negotiation are being made for goods that have no posted price. In particular, the transactions by means of a negotiation are expected to be widely used in the B2B. In order to determine their transportation costs, shippers usually make negotiations with many transporters and logistics companies. And before long, these negotiations are expected to be made on an on-line automated negotiation system. Because of this, this study has tried to develop an automated negotiation methodology that is absolutely necessary for an on-line automated negotiation. This study has estimated and selected the evaluation functions for multi-lateral negotiators' proposals, thus developing an automated negotiation methodology. As a result of this study, a new direction for an automated negotiation has been suggested. Also we expect that this study will be widely used in the automated negotiation of diverse fields.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.14A no.4
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• pp.197-202
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• 2007

This study focused on design and implementation of Mobile 3D Bluetooth Game Engine based on OpenGL-ES. In Mobile 3D network game so far, there is a form the mainstream of wireless inter-net game using WAP and VM. But, VM game we popular because of an excessive communication expense problem for this mobile network game that occur when connect to wireless internet as point out to problem by it, that is, stand-alone game are very popular. This study introduce a mobile 3D Bluetooth Game Engine which is based on mobile 3D standard using OpenGL-ES to solve a problem like mobile network game generally that occur when connect to take pleasure a wireless internet from some people into a short distance. When the number of concurrent packet datum by Bluetooth terminal transfers to each other, we shows that the proposed scheduling scheme for enhancing the process speed up on Bluetooth.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.578-584
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• 2023

Objectives: This is a five-year survival and complete response (CR) report on rectal cancer treated with western medicine and Korean traditional medicine. Method: A 25-year-old woman diagnosed with rectal cancer visited ⃝⃝ Korean traditional medicine hospital after neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiation therapy, chemotherapy, and low anterior resection with regional lymph node dissection. She was treated with Korean traditional medicine, including acupuncture, abdominal moxibustion, wild ginseng pharmacopuncture, and herbal medicine, which was based on integrated medicine therapy (IMT), from January 2018 to February 2022. The tumor size was measured by scanning with computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging, and positron-emission tomography/CT. Adverse events were evaluated using laboratory conclusion and National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0. Result: During four years of treatment, IMT maintained safety. The patient finally reached five-year survival without any recurrence or complication (CR) on March 11, 2022. Conclusion: We suggest that an integrative approach including Korean traditional medicine can be a meaningful treatment option for rectal cancer. Further studies should be performed to establish the proper treatment protocol of integrative medicine for rectal cancer.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.125-134
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• 2003

Purpose: To report the early results of preopeartive concurrent radio-chemotherapy (CRCT) for treating rectal cancer. Materials and Methods: From June 1999 to April 2002, 40 rectal cancer patients who either had lesions with a questionable resectability or were candidates for sphincter-sacrificing surgery received preoperative CRCT. Thirty-seven patients completed the planned CRCT course. 45 Gy by 1.8 Gy daily fraction over 5 weeks was delivered to the whole pelvis in the prone position. The chemotherapy regimens were oral UFT plus oral leucovorin (LV) in 12 patients, intravenous bolus 5-FU plus LV in 10 patients, and intravenous 5-FU alone in 15 patients (bolus infusion in 10, continuous infusion in 5). Surgery was planned in 4$\~$6 weeks of the completion of the preoperative CRCT course, and surgery was attempted in 35 patients. Results: The compliance to the current preoperative CRCT protocol was excellent, where 92.5$\%$ (37/40) completed the planned treatment. Among 35 patients, in whom surgery was attempted after excluding two patients with new metastatic lesions in the liver and the lung, sphincter-preservation was achieved in 22 patients (62.9$\%$), while resection was abandoned during laparotomy in two patients (5.7$\%$). Gross complete resection was peformed in 30 patients, gross incomplete resection was peformed in one patient, and no detailed information on the extent of surgery was available in two patients. Based on the surgical and pathological findings, the down-staging rate was 45.5$\%$ (15/33), and the complete resection rate with the negative resection margin 78.8$\%$ (26/33). During the CRCT course, grade 3 $\~$4 neutropenia developed in four patients (10.8$\%$). Local recurrence after surgical resection developed in 12.1$\%$ (4/33), and distant metastases after the preoperative CRCT start developed in 21.6$\%$ (8/37). The overall 3-years survival rate was 87$\%$. Conclusion: Preoperative CRCT in locally advanced rectal cancer is well tolerated and can lead to high resection rate, down-staging rate, sphincter preservation rate, however, longer term follow-up will be necessary to confirm these results.