• Advances in materials Research
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.133-144
• /
• 2015

The aim of this investigation is to prepare geopolymer resin by alkali activation of ceramic waste (AACW) with different sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and liquid sodium silicate (LSS) concentrations. In order to prepare geopolymer cement, AACW was replaced by 10 and 30 % by weight (wt.,) of concrete waste (CoW) as well as 10 and 30 wt., % ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS). The results showed that, the compressive strength of AACW increases with the increase of activator content up to 15:15 wt., % NaOH: LSS. All AACW hardened specimens activated by 3:3 (MC6), 6:6 (MC12), 12:12 (MC24) and 15:15 wt., % (MC30) NaOH: LSS destroyed when cured in water for 24h. The MC18 mix showed higher resistivity to water curing. The results also showed that, the replacement of AACW containing 9:9 wt., % NaOH: LSS (MC18) by 10 (MCCo10) and 30 (MCCo30) wt., % CoWdecreased the compressive strength at all ages of curing. In contrast, the MCCo10 mix showed the lower chemically combined water content compared to MC18 mix. The MCCo30 mix showed the higher chemically combined water content compared to MC18 and MCCo10 mixes. The compressive strength and chemically combined water of all AACWmixes containing GGBFS (MCS10 and MCS30) were higher than those of AACWwith no GGBFS (MC18). As the amount of GGBFS content increases the chemically combined water increases. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) proved that as the amount of CoWcontent increases, the degree of crystallinity increases. Conversely, the replacement of AACW by GGBFS leads to increase the amorphiticity character. The infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirms the higher reactivity of GGBFS compared to CoW as a result of successive hydration products formation, enhancing the compaction of microstructure as observed in scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.474-480
• /
• 2017

본 연구에서는 전기 임피던스 분광법을 이용하여 시멘트계 재료의 응결 시점을 평가하였다. 시멘트 페이스트 시편을 제작한 후 전기노드를 매립하여 전기 임피던스 응답 스펙트럼의 변화를 연속적으로 모니터링하였으며, 이와 동시에 간이단열시험을 통한 수화온도측정과 비카트침 시험을 함께 수행하였다. 전기 임피던스 분광법에서는 시멘트 페이스트의 수화와 동시에 컨덕턴스가 서서히 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 이후, 특정시점에 이르러 컨덕턴스는 급격히 감소하는 경향을 나타냈으며, 이후 또다른 특정시점에서 완만하게 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 이러한 특정 시점은 간이단열시험 및 비카트침 시험에 의해 측정된 응결시점과 부합하는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 통해 전기 임피던스 분광법을 이용하여 시멘트계 재료의 응결을 효과적으로 모니터링하는 것이 가능하리라 판단된다.

• Advances in concrete construction
• /
• 제9권5호
• /
• pp.449-457
• /
• 2020

The influence of subsequent curing on the performance of fly ash contained mortar under steam curing was studied. Mortar samples incorporated with different content (0%, 20%, 50% and 70%) of Class F fly ash under five typical subsequent curing conditions, including standard curing (ZS), water curing(ZW) under 25℃, oven-dry curing (ZD) under 60℃, frozen curing (ZF) under -10℃, and nature curing (ZN) exposed to outdoor environment were implemented. The unsteady chloride diffusion coefficient was measured by rapid chloride migration test (RCM) to analyze the influence of subsequent curing condition on the resistance to chloride penetration of fly ash contained mortar under steam curing. The compressive strength was measured to analyze the mechanical properties. Furthermore, the open porosity, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were examined to investigate the pore characteristics and phase composition of mortar. The results indicate that the resistance to chloride ingress and compressive strength of steam-cured mortar decline with the increase of fly ash incorporated, regardless of the subsequent curing condition. Compared to ZS, ZD and ZF lead to poor resistance to chloride penetration, while ZW and ZN show better performance. Interestingly, under different fly ash contents, the declining order of compressive strength remains ZS>ZW>ZN>ZD>ZF. When the fly ash content is blow 50%, the open porosity grows with increase of fly ash, regardless of the curing conditions are diverse. However, if the replacement amount of fly ash exceeds a certain high proportion (70%), the value of open porosity tends to decrease. Moreover, the main phase composition of the mortar hydration products is similar under different curing conditions, but the declining order of the C-S-H gels and ettringite content is ZS>ZD>ZF. The addition of fly ash could increase the amount of harmless pores at early age.

• 한국건축시공학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.131-138
• /
• 2013

본 연구는 최근 제주도 지역에서 현무암 가공과정에서 발생되는 폐기물인 석분슬러지를 재활용하기 위한 방안으로써 일반 시멘트몰탈에 사용되는 잔골재 대신에 현무암 석분슬러지의적용가능성에 대해 실험하였다. 드라이 몰탈의 재료로서의 기초적인 성능을 평가하기 위해 압축강도와 휨강도를 평가하고, SEM을 통해 미세구조를 관찰하였다. 현무암 슬러지 대체율 21%까지는 압축 및 휨강도는 증가하였으며, 보통 드라이몰탈보다 약 40% 강도 증진 효과가 있다. 현무암 슬러지의 대체율 약 20%이상에서는 상대적으로 수화생성물이 적게 생성되었다. 본 연구를 통해 현무암 슬러지 폐기물의 활용성을 확인할 수 있었으며, 콘크리트 2차 제품의 성형에도 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.128-135
• /
• 2006

제강슬래그 중 콘크리트용 골재로 활용 가능성이 있는 전기로슬래그 골재에 대하여 촉진에이징 종류별 전기로슬래그 골재의 팽창성 감소 정도를 파악하고, 콘크리트용 최적 에이징 처리 방법 및 처리 기간을 제시하고자 하였다. 또한, 에이징 처리 후에도 전기로슬래그 골재 내부에 잔류되어 있는 팽창성이 콘크리트에 미치는 영향 및 콘크리트의 품질을 비교, 고찰하였다. 전기로슬래그 골재의 수침팽창 측면에서 온수중 에이징 방법이 증기중 에이징 방법보다 다소 우수한 결과를 나타내었다. 전기로슬래그 골재의 잔류팽창과 콘크리트의 압축강도를 비교한 결과 콘크리트용으로 전기로슬래그 골재를 사용하기 위해서는 에이징 처리에 의해 잔류팽창을 0.06% 이하로 충분히 낮춘 후 사용해야 한다. 또한 현재 도로용으로 한정되어 사용되고 있는 전기로슬래그를 콘크리트용 골재로 사용하기 위해서는 골재의 품질개선 뿐만 아니라 감수제 및 AE제 등 적절한 혼화재료의 사용이 필요하겠다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제44권9호
• /
• pp.529-535
• /
• 2007

Calcium oxide has been used as a demolition agent in fracturing rocks and old concrete structures, etc. With the agent, demolition work can be done in safety without a noise, vibration and any other pollution, since high expansive pressure is obtained gradually by only mixing the agents with water and pouring the slurry into boreholes. But application of the non-explosive demolition agent is a time-consuming job, especially in winter. Essentially, this problem is related to the reaction rate of calcium oxide with water. This study examines the influence of additives such as cement and anhydrite on expansion pressure of calcium oxide at different curing temperatures. The expansion pressure of calcium oxide began to increase steadily with the rise of the curing temperature. When mixing calcium oxide alone with water, blown-out shot occurred. But as additives were added to calcium oxide, the reaction of calcium oxide delayed and the expansion pressure showed gradual increment. Especially, anhydrite showed a superior delaying effect than cement on the reaction of calcium oxide.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 세계 도시지반공학 심포지엄
• /
• pp.463-471
• /
• 2009

Cemented soils or concrete are usually cured under moisture conditions and their strength increases with curing time. An insufficient supply of water to cemented soils can contribute to hydration process during curing, which results in the variation of bonding strength of cemented soils. In this study, by the consideration of in situ water supply conditions, cemented sand with cement ratio less than 20% was prepared by air dry, wrapped, and underwater conditions. A series of unconfined compression tests were carried out to evaluate the effect of curing conditions on the strength of cemented soils. The strength of air dry curing specimen was higher than those of wrapped cured specimen when cement ratio was less than 10%, whereas it was lower when cement ratio was greater than 10%. Regardless of cement ratio, air dry cured specimens were stronger than underwater cured specimens. A strength increase ratio with cement ratio was calculated based on the strength of 4% cemented specimen. The strength increase ratio of air dry cured specimen was lowest and that of wrapped and underwater cured ones increased by square. Strength of air dry cured specimen dropped to maximum 30% after wetting when cement ratio was low. However, regardless of cement ratio, strength of wrapped specimens dropped to an average 10% after wetting.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
• /
• 제22권6호
• /
• pp.182-188
• /
• 2018

최근 우수한 전기전도도와 넓은 비표면적을 갖는 탄소나노튜브(CNT)를 활용하여 고강도 및 고내구성 콘크리트의 생산을 위한 연구가 많은 연구자들에 의하여 활발히 이루어지고 있다. CNT의 혼입을 통한 콘크리트의 고강도에 대한 연구가 주를 이루고 있으나, 그 외의 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 이에, 본 연구에서는 CNT 첨가량에 대한 시멘트 복합체의 역학성능 및 발열성능에 대한 평가를 실시하였다. 낮은 물-바인더 비를 기반으로 하는 시멘트-플라이애시 배합에 대하여, 바인더 중량대비 0.2% 및 0.5%의 CNT 첨가에 따른 재령별 압축강도, 수화특성분석을 위한 미소수화열 분석, 페이스트 내 CNT의 분산 및 주변 수화물과의 관계를 규명하기 위한 SEM분석, 기준전극 삽입을 통한 발열실험 및 열 중량 분석을 실시하였다. CNT 첨가량의 증가에 따라 발열성능은 증가하며, CNT가 첨가되지 않은 기준 배합 CNT가 첨가된 배합의 경우 동등수준의 역학성능을 갖는 것으로 나타났다.

• Advances in concrete construction
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.207-215
• /
• 2019

Application of nanotechnology can be used to tailor made cementitious composites owing to small dimension and physical behaviour of resulting hydration products. Because of high aspect ratio and extremely high strength, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are perfect reinforcing materials. Hence, there is a great prospect to use CNTs in developing new generation cementitious materials. In the present paper, a parametric study has been conducted on cementitious composites reinforced by two types of multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) designated as Type I CNT (10-20 nm outer dia.) and Type II CNT (30-50 nm outer dia.) with various concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 0.5% by weight of cement. To evaluate important properties such as flexural strength, strain to failure, elastic modulus and modulus of toughness of the CNT admixed specimens at different curing periods, flexural bending tests were performed. Results show that composites with Type II CNTs gave more strength as compared to Type I CNTs. The highest increase in strength (flexural and compressive) is of the order of 22% and 33%, respectively, compared to control samples. Modulus of toughness at 28 days showed highest improvement of 265% for Type II 0.3% CNT composites. It is obvious that an optimum percentage of CNT could exists for composites to achieve suitable reinforcement behaviour and desired strength properties. Based on the parametric study, a tentative optimum CNT concentration (0.3% by weight of cement) has been proposed. Scanning electron microscope image shows perfect crack bridging mechanism; several of the CNTs were shown to act as crack arrestors across fine cracks along with some CNTs breakage.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.210-215
• /
• 2019

비표면적이 큰 콘크리트 구조체의 균열의 경우 재료적인 거동(수화열 및 건조수축)으로 균열이 발생하기 쉽다. 최근 들어 섬유를 혼입함으로서 콘크리트의 강도 및 균열 저항성 개선에 대한 많은 연구가 진행 중인데 주로 압축강도 개선보다는 인장강도 개선을 통하여 재료적 균열에 대한 저항을 높이는 연구에 집중되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 셀룰로오즈 섬유를 슬러리형으로 제조하여 이를 혼입한 시멘트 모르타르의 작업성, 압축강도 및 휨강도를 평가하였으며, SEM 측정을 통하여 섬유재의 뽑힘특성을 평가하였다. CF 혼입률을 $0.5kg/m^3{\sim}1.0kg/m^3$으로 혼입할 경우, 휨강도를 크게 향상 시킬 수 있으며, 일반 플라스틱 섬유재와 달리 뽑힘 시 충분한 조도를 가지고 있음이 관측되었다.