Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/amr.2015.4.3.133

Alkali activated ceramic waste with or without two different calcium sources  

Zedan, Sayieda R. (Housing and Building National Research Center)
Mohamed, Maha R. (Faculty of Women of Arts, Science and Education-Ain Shams University)
Ahmed, Doaa A. (Faculty of Women of Arts, Science and Education-Ain Shams University)
Mohammed, Aya H. (Faculty of Engineering and Technology-Future University)
Publication Information
Advances in materials Research / v.4, no.3, 2015 , pp. 133-144 More about this Journal
Abstract
The aim of this investigation is to prepare geopolymer resin by alkali activation of ceramic waste (AACW) with different sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and liquid sodium silicate (LSS) concentrations. In order to prepare geopolymer cement, AACW was replaced by 10 and 30 % by weight (wt.,) of concrete waste (CoW) as well as 10 and 30 wt., % ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS). The results showed that, the compressive strength of AACW increases with the increase of activator content up to 15:15 wt., % NaOH: LSS. All AACW hardened specimens activated by 3:3 (MC6), 6:6 (MC12), 12:12 (MC24) and 15:15 wt., % (MC30) NaOH: LSS destroyed when cured in water for 24h. The MC18 mix showed higher resistivity to water curing. The results also showed that, the replacement of AACW containing 9:9 wt., % NaOH: LSS (MC18) by 10 (MCCo10) and 30 (MCCo30) wt., % CoWdecreased the compressive strength at all ages of curing. In contrast, the MCCo10 mix showed the lower chemically combined water content compared to MC18 mix. The MCCo30 mix showed the higher chemically combined water content compared to MC18 and MCCo10 mixes. The compressive strength and chemically combined water of all AACWmixes containing GGBFS (MCS10 and MCS30) were higher than those of AACWwith no GGBFS (MC18). As the amount of GGBFS content increases the chemically combined water increases. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) proved that as the amount of CoWcontent increases, the degree of crystallinity increases. Conversely, the replacement of AACW by GGBFS leads to increase the amorphiticity character. The infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirms the higher reactivity of GGBFS compared to CoW as a result of successive hydration products formation, enhancing the compaction of microstructure as observed in scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Keywords
alkali activated ceramic waste; calcium sources; geopolymer cement; geopolymer resin;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Abdel Gawwad, H.A. and Abd El-Aleem, S. (2015), "Effect of reactive magnesium oxide on properties of alkali activated slag geopolymer cement pastes", Ceram. Silik., 59(1), 37-47.
2 Abdel Gawwad, H.A., Abd El-Aleem, S. and Ouda, A.S. (2016), "Preparation and characterization of one-part non-Portland cement", Ceram. Inter., 42, 220-228.   DOI
3 Allahverdi, A. and NajafiKani, E. (2009), "Construction wastes as raw materials for geopolymer binders", Intern. J. Civ. Eng., 7(3). 154-160.
4 ASTM C109M (2012), Standard test method for compressive strength of hydraulic cement mortars.
5 Bignozzi, M.C., Fusco, O., Fregni, A., Guardigli, L. and Gulli, R. (2014), "Ceramic waste as new precursors for geopolymerization", Adv. Sci. Tech., 92, 26-31.   DOI
6 Chang, J.J. (2003), "A study on the setting characteristics of sodium silicate-activated slag pastes", Cem. Concr. Res., 33, 1005-1011.   DOI
7 Yip, C.K., Lukey, G.C., Provis, J.L. and van Deventer, J.S. (2008), "Effect of calcium silicate sources on geopolymerization", Cem. Concr. Res., 38(4), 554-564.   DOI
8 Cioffi, R., Maffucci, L. and Santoro, L. (2003), "Optimization of geopolymer synthesis by calcination and polycondensation of a kaolinitic residue", Conserv. Recycl., 40, 27-38.   DOI
9 Davidovits, J. (1999), "Chemistry of geopolymeric systems, terminology", Geopolymer Proceedings of 99 International Conference, Eds. Joseph Davidovits, R. Davidovits and C. James, France.
10 Davidovits, J. (2011), "Geopolymer chemistry and applications", The Manufacture of Geopolymer Cement, 3rd Edition, Geopolymer Institute Saint Quentin, France.
11 Diaz, E.I., Allouche, E.N. and Eklund, S. (2010), "Factors affecting the suitability of fly ash as source material for geopolymers", Fuel, 89, 992-96.   DOI
12 Duxson, P., Mallicoat S.W., Lukey, G.C., Kriven, W.M. and Van Deventer, J.S.J. (2007), "The effect of alkali and Si/Al on the development of mechanical properties of metakaolin-based geopolymers", Coll. Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 292, 8-20.   DOI
13 El-Didamony, H., Amer, A.A., El-Sokkary, T.M. and Abd-El-Aziz, H. (2013), "Effect of substitution of granulated slag by air-cooled slag on the properties of alkali activated slag", J. Ceram. Inter., 39, 171-181.   DOI
14 Kong, D.L.Y. and Sanjayan, J.G. (2010), "Effect of elevated temperatures on geopolymer paste, mortar and concrete", Cem. Concr. Res., 40, 334-39.   DOI
15 El-Fadaly, E., Mostafa, M.R., Saraya, M.E.I., Nassar, F.A., El-Sokkary, T. and El-Didamony, H. (2014), "Eco-friendly cement from ceramic waste geopolymarization", Natur. Soc. Sci., 2(5), 195-210.
16 Guo, X., Shi, H. and Dick, W.A. (2010), "Compressive strength and microstructural characteristics of class C fly ash geopolymer", Cem. Concr. Compos., 32, 142-47.   DOI
17 Kabir, S.M.A., Alengaram, U.J., Jumaat, M.Z., Sharmin, A. and Azizul, I. (2015), "Influence of molarity and chemical composition on the development of compressive strength in POFA based geopolymer mortar", Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2015, Article ID 647071.
18 Kumar, S., Kumar, R. and Mehrotra, S.P. (2010), "Influence of granulated blast furnace slag on the reaction, structure and properties of fly ash based geopolymer", J. Mater. Sci., 45(3), 607-615.   DOI
19 Marjanovic, N., Komljenovic, M., Bascarevic, Z. and Nikolic, V. (2015), "Comparison of two alkali-activated systems: mechanically activated fly ash and fly ash-blast furnace slag blends", Procedia Eng., 108, 231-238.   DOI
20 Murat, M. (1983), "Hydration reaction and hardening of calcined clays and related minerals: II. Influence of mineralogical properties of the raw-kaolinite on the reactivity of metakaolinite", Cem. Concr. Res., 13(4), 511-18.   DOI
21 Phoo-ngernkham, T., Maegawa, A., Mishima, N., Hatanaka, S. and Chindaprasirt, P. (2015), "Effects of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solutions on compressive and shear bond strengths of FA-GBFS geopolymer", Constr. Build. Mater., 91, 1-830.   DOI
22 Rowles, M. and O'Connor, B. (2003), "Chemical optimization of the compressive strength of aluminosilicate geopolymers synthesized by sodium silicate activation of metakaolinite", J. Mater. Chem. 13, 1161-65.   DOI
23 Puertas, F., Garcia-Diaz, I., Barba, A., Palacios, M.F., Gazulla, M., Gomez, M.P., Martinez-Ramirez, S. (2008), "Ceramic wastes as alternative raw materials for Portland cement clinker production", Cem. Concr. Comp., 30(9), 798-805.   DOI
24 Rashad, M.A. (2013), "Alkali-activated metakaolin: A short guide for civil Engineer-An overview", Constr. Build. Mater., 41, 751-765.   DOI
25 Reig, L.C., Tashima, M.M., Borrachero, M.V., Monzo, J., Cheeseman, C.R. and Paya, J. (2013), "Properties and microstructure of alkali-activated red clay brick waste", Constr. Buil. Mater., 43, 98-106.   DOI
26 Temuujin, J. and Van Riessen, A. (2009), "Effect of fly ash preliminary calcination on the properties of geopolymer", J. Hazard. Mater., 164, 634-39.   DOI
27 Temuujin, J., van Riessen, A. and MacKenzie, K.J.D. (2010), "Preparation and characterisation of fly ash based geopolymer mortars", Constr. Build. Mater., 24, 1906-10.   DOI
28 Wang, H., Li H. and Yan F. (2005), "Synthesis and mechanical properties of metakaolinite based geopolymer", Coll. Surf., 268, 1-6.   DOI
29 Wang, J. et al. (2015), "Preparation of alkali-activated slag-fly ash-metakaolin hydroceramics for immobilizing simulated sodium-bearing waste", J. Ameri. Cera. Soci., 98(5), 1393-1399.   DOI
30 Zhang, Y.S., Sun, W. and Zongjin, L. (2010), "Composition design and microstructural characterization of calcined kaolin-based geopolymer cement", Appl. Clay Sci., 47, 271-75.   DOI
31 Zhang, Y. et al. (2007), "Synthesis and heavy metal immobilization behaviours of slag based geopolymer", J. Hazard. Mater., 143, 206-213.   DOI