• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.91-98
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• 2014

Objective : This study aimed to assessment for concordance rate in pattern analysis between pattern diagnosis of KiFDA on allergic rhinitis in 2008 and doctor of Korean medicine. Methods : Data were obtained from 35 patients with allergic rhinitis(AR). They were asked to perform the questionnaires and had been interviewed by specialist of Korean Medicine. For correlation analysis, we used Cohen's Kappa. Results : The pattern diagnosis was done only 15 patients(42.9%). Correlation between pattern diagnosis of questionnaires and specialist showed 0.2105 in Kappa and 0.1993 in weighed Kappa. Conclusions : The result may provide the basis of modification in Pattern Diagnosis of KiFDA on allergic rhinitis in 2008.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.181-188
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• 2019

This study was performed to construct tree species classification map according to three information types (spectral information, texture information, and spectral and texture information) by altitude (30 m, 60 m, 90 m) using the unmanned aerial vehicle images and the object-based classification method, and to evaluate the concordance rate through field survey data. The object-based, optimal weighted values by altitude were 176 for 30 m images, 111 for 60 m images, and 108 for 90 m images in the case of Scale while 0.4/0.6, 0.5/0.5, in the case of the shape/color and compactness/smoothness respectively regardless of the altitude. The overall accuracy according to the type of information by altitude, the information on spectral and texture information was about 88% in the case of 30 m and the spectral information was about 98% and about 86% in the case of 60 m and 90 m respectively showing the highest rates. The concordance rate with the field survey data per tree species was the highest with about 92% in the case of Pinus densiflora at 30 m, about 100% in the case of Prunus sargentii Rehder tree at 60 m, and about 89% in the case of Robinia pseudoacacia L. at 90 m.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.313-318
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• 2014

In this paper, we propose a method for correcting the measurement axis twist that occurs in the process of wearing and each estimation method of joint in which the inertial measurement unit based in health arm by the method of operation upper limb rehabilitation equipment of hemiplegic patients. In order to verify the proposed method, it is fitted with a inertial measurement unit of the upper arm and forearm of the experimenter left arm, verified by comparing actual joint angle is detected by photographing the arbitrary posture, the angle that the estimated joint. Then, it was verified by comparing the applied front / rear techniques for correcting the measurement axis twist. A result of the experiment, before applying the measurement axis twist correction, joint, after but each match rate showed a weak concordance rate in 89.16% and were corrected, measurement axis twist, each concordance rate of joint agreement of 93.28% I understand that it has been 4.12% improvement in the rate.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.239-247
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• 2017

Among the commonly known tools to diagnose diabetes are fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbA1c., and OGTT known as gold standard. However, there can be many disagreements on the ways to diagnose diabetes. In this study, we examined the differences of the types of diabetes according to the applicability of FPG and HbA1c. Moreover, we evaluated the concordance of diagnosis. We excluded subjects with missing glucose and HbA1c data, as well as those previously diagnosed with diabetes, and those who fasted less than 8 hours. The data of 4,502 subjects (1,956 men and 2,546 women) from the 2015 KNHNES were analyzed. We divided these patients into three categories which are normal, prediabetes, and diabetes, based on the FPG and HbA1c. In men, the number of subjects with FPG ranging from 100 to 125 mg/dL and HbA1c ${\geq}6.5%$ was 23 out of 664, and the number of subjects with FPG < 126 mg/dL and HbA1c ${\geq}6.5%$ was 39 out of 86 newly diagnosed diabetes patients. The concordance rate was as follows: Normal 80.3%, prediabetes 44.9%, and diabetes 54.7%. The coefficient of Cohen's Kappa was 0.322 in men and 0.362 in women; this suggests that both gender showed a low concordance rate. However, when we divided them into two categories (nondiabetes and diabetes), Kappa was 0.582 in men and 0.637 in women, showing a relatively high concordance rate. While all subjects with FPG ${\geq}126mg/dL$ showed a significantly high HOMA IR, all subjects with FPG < 126 mg/dL showed a significantly high QUICKI. Considering the low concordance rate for the diagnosis of diabetes and characteristic of diagnostic tests, it is necessary to combine the related tests for diagnosing diabetes.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.18
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• pp.7597-7602
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• 2014

Background: Amplification and overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu) oncogene has considerable prognostic value in breast and gastric cancers. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency, overexpression pattern, clinical significance, and concordance between the results for protein expression and gene amplification of HER-2/neu in gastric and gastro-esophageal junction carcinomas. Materials and Methods: In this study, 101 gastric tissue samples which were included in tissue microarray were immunohistochemically examined for overexpression of HER2/neu. Chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) was used for HER-2/neu amplification. The correlation of HER2/neu amplification with clinicopathological parameters was also assessed. In addition, concordance between CISH and IHC was detected. Results: This study demonstrated a significant difference in the overexpression of HER2/neu in gastric tumors. The overexpression of HER2/neu was significantly higher in intestinal type, poorly differentiated grade, large size ($5cm{\leq}$) and positive nodal involvement tumors (p-value=0.041, 0.015, 0.038 and 0.071, respectively). Also, amplification of HER2/neu according to CISH test, had a significant positive correlation with tumor size and tumor type (p-value=0.018 and 0.058, respectively).Concordance between CISH and IHC was 76.9% in 101 evaluable samples. Conclusions: IHC/CISH differences were attributed to basolateral membranous immunoreactivity of glandular cells resulting in incomplete membranous reactivity and/or a higher rate of tumor heterogeneity in gastric cancers compared to breast cancers. Therefore, this can be a potential marker for targeted therapy of malignant gastric tumors.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.120-131
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• 2020

Water body detection using remote sensing based on machine interpretation of satellite image is efficient for managing water resource, drought and flood monitoring. In this study, water body detection with SAR satellite image based on machine learning was performed. However, non water body area can be misclassified to water body because of shadow effect or objects that have similar scattering characteristic comparing to water body, such as roads. To decrease misclassifying, 8 combination of morphology open filtered band, DEM band, curvature band and Cosmo-SkyMed SAR satellite image band about Mokpo region were trained to semantic segmentation machine learning models, respectively. For 8 case of machine learning models, global accuracy that is final test result was computed. Furthermore, concordance rate between landcover data of Mokpo region was calculated. In conclusion, combination of SAR satellite image, morphology open filtered band, DEM band and curvature band showed best result in global accuracy and concordance rate with landcover data. In that case, global accuracy was 95.07% and concordance rate with landcover data was 89.93%.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.343-351
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• 2019

Many in vitro developmental toxicity assays have been proposed over several decades. Since the late 1980s, we have made intermittent attempts to introduce in vitro assays as screening tests for developmental toxicity of inhouse candidate products. Two cell-based assays which were developed two decades apart were intensively studied. One was an assay of inhibitory effects on mouse ascites tumor cell attachment to a concanavalin A-coated plastic sheet surface (MOT assay), which we studied in the early days of assay development. The other was an assay of inhibitory effects on the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cell to beating heart cells (EST assay), which we assessed more recently. We evaluated the suitability of the assays for screening in-house candidates. The concordance rates with in vivo developmental toxicity were at the 60% level. The EST assay classified chemicals that inhibited cell proliferation as embryo-toxic. Both assays had a significant false positive rate. The assays were generally considered unsuitable for screening the developmental toxicity of our candidate compounds. Recent test systems adopt advanced technologies. Despite such evolution of materials and methods, the concordance rates of the EST and MOT systems were similar. This may suggest that the fundamental predictivity of in vitro developmental toxicity assays has remained basically unchanged for decades. To improve their predictivity, in vitro developmental toxicity assays should be strictly based on elucidated pathogenetic mechanisms of developmental toxicity.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.363-371
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to find out the body shape characteristics of each Sasang constitution typology. The constitution type of the subjects was determined by Sasang Constitution Analysis Tool(SCAT) and a Sasang specialist. The body circumference of the subjects and their respective proportions were analyzed. Concordance rates between SCAT and the specialist were 33.0% and 41.5% for men and women, respectively, and Soyangin had the lowest concordance rate. Forehead/neck, chest/iliac, rib/iliac, and rib/curvature circumference ratios of female subjects showed the same results in both SCAT and the specialist. In determining the constitution type, it was confirmed that the ratio between specific circumferences can be a more meaningful criterion than the circumference.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.591-600
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• 2015

Recently high interest in health and fitness has led to vibrant researches for the active fitness system to learn and enjoy the exercise program for oneself. In this paper, we design and implement the active spinning training system which enables user to have self-learning and experience of customized spinning training program by the biometric and movement information acquired from user's physiological signals. The proposed system provides the appropriate difficulty of spinning program which reflects the concordance rate of spinning dance gestures and the amount of exercising by analyzing the physical status of participant from his brain and pulse waves and recognizing the skeletal movement in real time. For the higher exercise effect, the system offers a virtual personal trainer to show the correct poses and controls the level of difficulty depending on the concordance rate of participant's motions. The experiment with various participants through the proposed system shows that it is able to help users in getting the available exercise effect in comparatively short time.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.141-151
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to elucidate the clinicopathological significance and diagnostic accuracy of immunohistochemistry (IHC) for determining the mesenchymal epidermal transition (c-MET) expression in patients with gastric cancer (GC). Materials and Methods: The present meta-analysis investigated the correlation between c-MET expression as determined by IHC and the clinicopathological parameters in 8,395 GC patients from 37 studies that satisfied the eligibility criteria. In addition, a concordance analysis was performed between c-MET expression as determined by IHC and c-MET amplification, and the diagnostic test accuracy was reviewed. Results: The estimated rate of c-MET overexpression was 0.403 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.327~0.484) and it was significantly correlated with male patients, poor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, higher TNM stage, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positivity in IHC analysis. There was a significant correlation between c-MET expression and worse overall survival rate (hazard ratio, 1.588; 95% CI, 1.266~1.992). The concordance rates between c-MET expression and c-MET amplification were 0.967 (95% CI, 0.916~0.987) and 0.270 (95% CI, 0.173~0.395) for cases with non-overexpressed and overexpressed c-MET, respectively. In the diagnostic test accuracy review, the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.56 (95% CI, 0.50~0.63) and 0.79 (95% CI, 0.77~0.81), respectively. Conclusions: The c-MET overexpression as determined by IHC was significantly correlated with aggressive tumor behavior and positive IHC status for HER2 in patients with GC. In addition, the c-MET expression status could be useful in the screening of c-MET amplification in patients with GC.