• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.37-62
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• 2013

Many scholars have persevered in understanding the convergence process by developing a measurement that reflects the characteristics of the convergence phenomenon as a process. Recently a series of studies suggested a framework in terms of diversity and coherence. However, an index for coherence is required to reflect the vital features of the conceptual definition, and thus a new index for coherence is proposed in this paper. Technology Convergence Index combines diversity and coherence and indicates the degree of the convergence in information computer technology (ICT), biotechnology (BT) and nanotechnology (NT) sectors. The index can not only be used to track each technology field that consists of a major technology sector, but also to compare other leading countries. Based on a comparison study between the United States and South Korea, the degrees of technology convergence of Korea in ICT, BT, and NT sectors have ameliorated.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-29
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• 2014

When taught the precise definition of ${\pi}$, students may be simply asked to memorize its approximate value without developing a rigorous understanding of the underlying reason of why it is a constant. Measuring the circumferences and diameters of various circles and calculating their ratios might just represent an attempt to verify that ${\pi}$ has an approximate value of 3.14, and will not necessarily result in an adequate understanding about the constant nor formally proves that it is a constant. In this study, we aim to investigate prospective teachers' conceptual understanding of ${\pi}$, and as a constant and whether they can provide a proof of its constant property. The findings show that prospective teachers lack a holistic understanding of the constant nature of ${\pi}$, and reveal how they teach students about this property in an inappropriate approach through a proving activity. We conclude our findings with a suggestion on how to improve the situation.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.229-246
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• 2002

In this paper, we start with the question "what is algebraic thinking\ulcorner". The problem is that the algebraic thinking is not exactly defined. We consider algebraic thinking from the various perspectives. But in the discussion relating to the definition of algebraic thinking, we verify that there is the algebraic notations in the core of algebraic thinking. So we device algebraic notations into the six categories, and investigate these examples from the school mathematics. In order to investigate this relation of algebraic thinking and algebraic notations, we present 'the algebraic thinking process analysis model' from Frege' idea. In this model, there are three components of algebraic notations which interplays; sense, expression, denotapion. Thus many difficulties of algebraic thinking can be explained by this model. We suppose that the difficulty in the algebraic thinking may be caused by the discord of these three components. And through the transformation of conceptual frame, we can explain the dynamics of algebraic thinking. Also, we present examples which show these difficulties and dynamics of algebraic thinking. As a result of these analysis, we conclude that algebraic thinking can be explained through the semiotic aspects of algebraic notations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.644-651
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• 2005

Physical Surroundings have been identified by a number of researchers as a powerful tool that can manipulate people's mood and cognition. A number of marketing practitioners have accepted this notion, given that physical surroundings are increasingly used as atmospheric stimuli in various retail environment as well as in restaurant. Yet there have not been practical reviews on consumer responses in restaurant setting/environment. By means of a literature review, this study examines how physical surroundings in restaurant settings function on displaying dinning atmosphere. It includes the conceptual definition and classifications of physical surroundings, effect of physical surroundings on customers' internal responses and behaviors, and testable research propositions and directions for future researches. This study is expected to make a substantial contribution to the understanding of restaurant manager and dinning atmosphere displayer about function of physical surroundings in dinning context.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.226-232
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• 2000

The design of agricultural facilities is the consistent activities, which systematically analyze all the actual conditions, design the unit structures, and improve the faming environment through efficient organization of the unit facility. The design of agricultural facilities is composed of site study, preliminary design, primary design, and detail design. Integrated design system can manage and process the information created by and used in all steps of design process. Formal data models of these design activities are important conceptual steps in development of integrated design system. However, most of existing models are not available for agricultural facilities. To support efficiently developing the integrated design system of agricultural facilities, we have developed the Multi-Layered Primitive-Composite mode I through object-oriented analysis of agricultural facilities. The MPC model not only satisfies the characteristics of agricultural facility, such as variety, coupling, informal data, but also improves abilities of integrated design system such as extensibility, flexibility, and granularity. The paper presents a formal definition of the MPC model.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.25 no.A
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• pp.105-113
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• 2005

A business process flow model for an intermediary type shopping mall consisting of multiple sellers has been presented in this study. Specifically, we defined 11 essential business processes of a front office customer's view point and set up detailed process flow models using IDEF3 (Integrated DEFinition). The characteristic of this study lies in providing a dynamic model rather than static models. The results may form a conceptual framework not only for shopping mall processes but for analysis and improvement toward extended electronic business systems.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.25 no.A
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• pp.115-122
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• 2005

A business process flow model for an intermediary type shopping mall consisting of multiple sellers has been presented in this study. Specifically, we defined 7 essential business processes of the shopping mall administrator and 6 processes of the administrator of a seller. We then performed detailed process flow models using IDEF3 (Integrated DEFinition). The characteristic of this study lies in providing a dynamic model rather than static models. The results may form a conceptual framework not only for shopping mall processes but for analysis and improvement toward extended electronic business systems.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.135-141
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• 2009

The circumstances surrounding world ports have changed rapidly and port competition to attract cargoes has been increasing fiercely. Specifically, deploying large container vessels resulted fewer port visits and strategic alliance among liner shipping companies. Recently, many studies have worked for improving port competitiveness. However, these studies were limited to evaluation of only port competitiveness and few studies suggested strategies for reinforcing port competitiveness. Although implications of these previous studies are practically available to build policies for port, there have been very few academic studies such as identifying port competitiveness and port selection with related attributes for reasonable evaluation and analysis. Therefore, this study aims to classify the existing studies, which dealt with port selection problem, based on basic structure that was suggested by Murphy (1992). Furthermore, the conceptual definition will be carried out by comparison analysis in terms of time of study, type of data and methodology and decision factor of each study.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.125-138
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• 2002

In this paper, we discuss issues related with conceptual definition and measurement of financial management behavior. Specifically, we examine the relationships among the management behavior relating to throughput, inputs, and outputs, based on the financial management systems model. Fer the analysis, we have reviewed articles that dealt with financial management behavior utilizing financial management systems model. The articles we reviewed appeared between the year 1986 to 2000, in four journals published in Korea (Journal of Korean Home Economics Association, Journal of Korean Home Management Association, Journal of Consumer Studies, and Journal of Korean Family Resource Management) as well as five home economics journals published in the U.S. The implications for the future research of financial management are also Presented.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.818-823
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• 2010

Exploiting models and simulations are encouraged among the defense acquisition society, as now enforced by the Defense Aquisition Program Administration's regulations. They are useful and, sometimes, inevitable especially in an earlier phase of system development. Computer-simulation-based experimentation technique for the system operational performance analysis for a torpedo defense system is introduced in this paper. Problem definition for the torpedo defense system analysis and engineering efforts for models and simulations development are presented here, including defining measures of performance and effectiveness for the torpedo defense system, conceptual modeling for torpedo engagement and defense simulation, design of experimentation, design of simulator and experimentor, and hardware and software implementation of an analysis support tool - a system operations demonstration and experimentation simulator.