• 한국의류학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.335-344
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• 1992

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of addition of cetyl trimethyl ammo­nium bromide (CTAB), and amine [ethylamine (EA) or ethylene diamine (EDA)] to aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution on polyester alkaline hydrolysis, The experimental vari­ables such as CTAB concentration, EA or EDA concentration, NaOH concentration, tempera­ture and time were compared, and the changes in physical and chemical properties of alkaline­hydrolyzed PET fabrics depending on their treated conditions were measured, The results are as follows: 1. By adding CTAB and amine in aqueous NaOH solution, increasing effect on weight loss of PET fabrics was obtained in simultaneous addition of CTAB and EDA, but not in CTAB and EA. 2. By adding CTAB & EDA simultaneously, increasing effect on weight loss was obtained regardless of EDA concentration, time and temperature, and it was more effective at lower NaOH concentration. :l. The increase of void space (or irregularly grooved surface), of softness, of wickability, of dyeability on PET fabric, and the decrease of tensile strength, of molecular weight were observed according to the weight loss on the PET fabrics. These changes were equal to all alkaline-hydrolyzed PET fabrics regardless of addition of CTAB and amine. l. There was little changes on crystallinity, thermal behavior when PET fiber was treated with ,aqueous NaOH solution with CTAB and EDA. These results supported that increasing effect on weight loss take place without inducing of fine structural change of PET fibers.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.287-297
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• 1994

The purpose of this study is to investigate the Improvement of fiber surface, tenacity & elogation, fabric counts, thickness, handle, moisture regain, static voltage, handle, dyeability when polyester fabrics are treated with NaOH solution adding quartemary ammonium salt (Benzyl dimetyl dodecyl ammonium chloride . BDMDAC) The results are as follows. I. In regard to the method of processing VET, when the PET fabrics are alkaline-hydrolyzed adding BDMDAC, the weight loss of PET fabrics increased remarkably to the increse of BDMDAC concentration than when they are treated only in NaOH solution. When PET fabrics are alkaline-hydrolyzed the amount of BDMDAC as the catalyst is proper lg/1 II. The change in physical & chemical properties of alkaline-hydrolyzed PET fabrirs. 1. As the amount of the weight loss on PET fabrics increased, the void space of the PET yale increased but tenacity & elongation and thickness decreased. 2. The fabric counts of PET increased due to shrinkage by alkaline-hydrolydzing. 3. As the amount of of the weight loss on PET fabrics increased. NUMERI, FUKURAMI, increaseed and KOSHI decreased and Total hand value(T.H.V) in all cases increaseed. When the weight Ioss is 30.9% T.H.V. is best. 4. Moisture regain of PET fabrics a little increased by alkaline-hydrolyzing treatment. As the weight loss increased, static voltage is decreased. 5. The last dye absorption is different according to the degree of the Affinity. In regard to the difference of dye color, the dyestuff of low molecular weight dyed for deep color.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.172-179
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• 2010

This study was conducted to establish a management plan for the Songrim woodland restoration by analyzing the site characteristics of the Songrim Woodland Natural Monument (Natural Monument 445) in Hadong-Gun, Gyeongsangnam-Do, Korea. The Songrim woodland was a pure pine forest. To stimulate the growth of sub-trees or mid- story vegetation in both a non-rest year forest and a rest year forest, it is recommended to take a silvicultural practices such as pruning because canopy of over-story trees was closely covered. The Songrim woodland in the non-rest year forest severely competed among individual trees of DBH classes of 60 cm and height of 18 m, while the woodland in the rest-year forest competed with DBH classes of 62 cm and height of 10 m, respectively. Soil physical property such as soil hardness, soil pore space rates, and pF 2.7 was restored following the rest-year forest designation. Mean salt concentration in the Songrim woodland soils was 0.006%. The result suggests that it is needed to take a study to prevent the salt inputs to conserve the Songrim woodland.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.275-284
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• 2019

Chirality is ubiquitous in physics and biology from microscopic to macroscopic phenomena, such as fermionic interactions and DNA duplication. In photonics, chirality has traditionally represented differentiated optical responses for right and left circular polarizations. This definition of optical chirality in the polarization domain includes handedness-dependent phase velocities or optical absorption inside chiral media, which enable polarimetry for measuring the material concentration and circular dichroism spectroscopy for sensing biological or chemical enantiomers. Recently, the emerging field of non-Hermitian photonics, which explores exotic phenomena in gain or loss media, has provided a new viewpoint on chirality in photonics that is not restricted to the traditional polarization domain but is extended to other physical quantities such as the orbital angular momentum, propagation direction, and system parameter space. Here, we introduce recent milestones in chiral light-matter interactions in non-Hermitian photonics and show an enhanced degree of design freedom in photonic devices for spin and orbital angular momenta, directionality, and asymmetric modal conversion.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.262-275
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• 2020

코로나19에 의한 팬데믹으로 세계 도시는 변화를 맞이했다. 글로벌 경제체계가 약해짐에 따라 상품 생산 및 유통 체계에도 지역화가 강화되는 현상이 나타났다. 또한, 지역화가 강화된 도시에서는 소비 형태가 변화했고 이에 따라 물리적 장소를 소비하는 방식도 변하고 있다. 대형 다중이용시설 소비는 대폭 감소했고, 온오프라인 경계가 허물어지는 속도가 빨라졌으며, 취향 공유를 위한 어메니티 소비는 더욱 세분화, 전문화되고, 프라이빗(private)해졌다. 도시 어메니티의 집중으로 파악되는 도시 씬에도 큰 변화가 나타났다. 도시 씬에서 로컬 스케일과 로컬리티가 중요해졌고, 공감성이라는 새로운 도시 씬 요소가 등장하였다. 공감성은 개인이 도시 어메니티를 소비함에 있어 사회적, 정서적 연결을 목적으로 하며, 연결성, 취향 소비, 노스탤지어를 추구한다. 본 연구는 공감성에 기반하며 문화 소비하는 공간을 공감적 공간이라 명명하고 그 개념을 설명하였으며, 향후 포스트코로나 상황에서 도시 씬에서의 공감적 공간의 중요성을 제시하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2008

Adsorption process is largely influenced by pore structures of adsorbents and physical properties of adsorbates and adsorbents. The previous studies of this laboratory was focused on the role of pore structures of adsorbents. And we found some pores of adsorbates which have larger pore diameters than the diameter of adsorbate are filled with easily. In this study the effects of physical and chemical properties of adsorbates and adsorbents, such as pore size distribution, vapor pressure on adsorption were investigated more thoroughly at the concentration of adsorbate of 1000 ppm. The adsorption in the pore ranges of $2{\sim}4$ times of adsorbates's diameter could be explained by space filling concept. But there was some condensation phenomena at larger pore ranges. The errors between the adsorbed amount of non-polar adsorbates and the calculated amounts by considering factors were found to be 44.46%, positively, and -142%, negatively. When vapor pressure is considered, the errors between the adsorbed amount of non-polar adsorbates and the calculated amounts were in the range of $1.69%{\sim}32.25%$ positively, and negatively $-1.08%{\sim}-63.10%$.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.182-192
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 GBCA(Gadolinium Based Contrast Agent)를 이용한 MRI 검사 시 다양한 MR 시퀀스에 따른 GBCA 몰농도별 조영증강 변화를 알아보기 위해 자체 제작한 MR 팬텀을 사용하여 정량적으로 평가 분석하고자 하였다. MR 팬텀을 제작하기 위해 28개의 용기에 500 mmol Gadoteridol을 saline과 혼합하여 각각 500 부터 0 mmol 까지 몰농도를 서로 다르게 하였다. 제작된 MR phantom을 1.5T MRI 장비에서 물리학적 기전이 서로 다른 T1 SE, T2 FLAIR, T1 FLAIR, 3D FLASH, T1 3D SPACE, 3D SPCIR 시퀀스로 스캔하여 신호강도 변화를 측정 한 후 비교 분석 하였다. T1 Spin echo는 Total SI(Signal Intensity)가 15608.7, Max peak는 1 mmol에서 1352.6, T2 FLAIR는 Total SI가 9106.4, Max peak는 0.4 mmol에서 1721.6, T1 FLAIR에서는 Total SI가 20972.5, Max peak는 1 mmol에서 1604.9, 3D FLASH는 Total SI가 20924.0, Max peak는 40 mmol에서 1425.7, 3D SPACE 1mm는 Total SI가 6399.0, Max peak는 3 mmol에서 528.3, 3D SPACE 5mm는 Total SI가 6276.5, Max peak는 2 mmol에서 514.6, 3D SPCIR의 경우는 Total SI가 1778.8, Max peak는 0.4 mmol에서 383.8의 신호강도를 보였다. T1 SE를 포함한 대부분의 시퀀스에서 몰농도가 높았을 때 보다는 대체적으로 일정이상 희석이 이루어진 비교적 낮은 농도에서 높은 신호강도를 보였다. 또한 서로 다른 물리학적 기전의 다양한 MR시퀀스에서 GBCA의 조영증강 패턴 역시 모두 달랐다. 본 연구를 통해 얻어진 시퀀스에 따른 GBCA 농도별 반응에 대한 정량적 데이터를 통하여 실제 임상에서의 조영증강검사에 있어서 효율적인 MR검사 프로토콜에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제14권E호
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• pp.9-17
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• 1998

Oxides of nitrogen play important roles in atmospheric chemistry. Soil has been recognized as a major natural source of NO, and its emission depends on soil parameters such as soil nitrogen availability, soil moisture and temperature. It is necessary to understand effects of these controlling parameters on soil NO emission. In order to understand soil moisture effects on NO emission, variations of NO concentration and existence of its equilibrium concentration were observed from ammonium fertilized Japanese upland soil prepared for different soil moisture conditions. The closed chamber technique was employed for this study. The significant increases in NO with soil moisture were found. Maximum was occurred at sample ID4 (55% of water-filled pore space (WFPS)), but it decreased as soil moisture increased. No significant NO concentration was emitted from soil sample without fertilizer, but there was significant NO in fertilized soil samples. The magnitudes of NO from soil increased with time and reached at steady state within ten minutes approximately. These results suggest that nitrogen input from fertilizer takes charge in the first step of sharp increase in NO emission, and then soil moisture becomes important factor to control NO emission from the soils. NO concentrations from soil were compared to those one-day after the experiment. Results from the comparison analysis suggest that the soil NO flux might have been stimulated by soil disturbances like mixing, and this is much more effective in dry soils rather than in wet soils. It was found that much less NO came out from soils after a day; suggesting that most of NO was released from the soils within a day after fertilizer application during our experiment. The length of NO releasing time span may depend on the amounts of fertilizer applied, soil moisture condition, and other soil physical parameters.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2010

This study has the purpose to reveal the differences of residents' using behaviors of living facilities at 3 complexes. The physical characteristics of the complexes have been investigated by a literature study and field survey. In addition, questionnaires were answered by residents on living facilities using behavior on community environment. The tools of analysis are frequency, percentage, and cross tabulation using SPSS WIN 12.0 program. Followings are the results of the study. 1) The developmental concept of 3 complexes maintained its initial identity. (1) The residence-oriented complex, having wider residential space, had better downtown access and more convenient facilities for daily life. (2) The residence-government mixed complex, constructed with an eco-friendly concept, had wider green and public service space and good downtown access but on the other hand, had less convenience facilities because of a short period from construction. (3) The residence-industry mixed complex, located in sub-urbanity and conceding more land for industries, had poor access to downtown but had more convenient facilities for workers' use. 2) The most frequently visited convenience facilities were shopping facilities, large or small, and banks, and activities were commonly done in the complex or adjacent area. This means it is recommended that the developer of the new complex locate convenience facilities in multi-core concentration types or street types rather than one-core concentration types.

• 공연문화연구
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• 제25호
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• pp.57-89
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• 2012

일반적으로 공연을 준비하는 배우들은 처음 텍스트(희곡)를 접하면서 배역과 배우 자신과의 경계를 허물려는 노력을 통해 일상의 공간에서 극중의 공간으로 이동하는 심리적 전이과정을 경험하게 된다. 이러한 '전이'는 실제로도 나타난다고 할 수 있는데 무대에 서기전까지 분장실이나 윙(무대에 등장하기 직전의 공간), 그리고 무대(관객을 접하는 공간)라는 물리적 공간이 그것이다. 공연을 하는 배우는 공연기간이 완전히 종료되는 순간까지 끊임없이 반복적으로 심리적 물리적 공간들을 이동하게 된다. 이렇게 각각의 공간으로 이동하는 것은 '전이'이며, 이 '전이'과정 속에서 배우들이 경험하게 되는 심리적 변화의 지점을 '심리적 경계'라고 할 수 있을 것이다. '심리적 경계'는 실제 배우들이 각각의 공간에서 전이되는 순간 느끼는 심리적 양상들을 통해 그 존재 자체를 유추할 수 있다. 배우의 '심리적 경계'를 알 수 있는 변화 양상 중에서 가장 대표적인 예가 바로 '긴장', '불안' 등으로 표출되는 '무대공포'인데, 연구에 따르면 가장 많은 수의 배우가 무대에 등장하기 직전의 공간에서 이 같은 심리적 양상을 경험하게 된다고 한다. 즉 회피의 감정이 높게 나타났다. 본 연구는 공연을 완성해 무대에서 구현하기까지 과정 중에서 배우가 경험하게 되는 심리적 물리적 공간과 이를 관통하는 전이과정에서 나타나는 '심리적 경계'와 배우의 심리적 변화에 대한 관계를 규명해보고자 한다. 첫째, 선행연구를 통해 심리적 경계개념을 이해하고 이를 기반으로 배우가 경험하는 '공간'과 그 전이에서 나타나는 '심리적 경계'에 대한 개념을 재정립하였다. 둘째, 공연과정에서 나타나는 '전이영역'을 물리적 공간과 심리적 공간으로 재분류하여 개념 정리를 하였다. 셋째, '심리적 경계'를 체험하는 배우들의 실제 사례 분석을 통해 긍정적 요소로 작용가능한 '경계'의 다각적인 활용방안을 모색해 본다. 공연을 하는 배우가 경험하는 심리적 현상은 무대공포 등의 부정적인 측면이외에도 긍정적인 측면도 있음을 부정할 수 없다. 전이 영역에서 일어나는 긴장이 배우에게 긍정적이고 에너지화로 발전되기 때문이다. 이러한 '전이'와 '심리적 경계'의 관계에 대한 연구를 통해 공연중 배우가 경험하는 '심리적 경계'에서 실제 배우가 어떤 변화를 일으키며 심리상태가 유지되어 공연의 전 과정을 수행하는 것인지를 분석하여 무대공포, 부끄러움 등으로 발생하는 스트레스와 집중력을 확인하고 이를 기반으로 정체성의 다변화와 방어기제로 활용되는 무대 현존의 긍정적인 요소를 찾아본다.