• 대한한의학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.46-52
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• 2001

Objectives: This experimental study was carried out to evaluate the effects of PSM(polysaccharide of mushroom) on the immune activity. Methods: The following were performed; Immunotoxicity testing for immunopathology, IgO production & LPS mitogen response for humoral immunity, DTH, ConA mitogen response for cell-mediated immunity, and macrophage adherence & phagocytosis for nonspecific immunity in vitro or in vivo. Results: PSM showed a protective effect on cyclophosphamide-induced leukopenia, increased IgG production and lymphoproliferative responses to LPS; inhanced DTH and lymphoproliferative response Con A; and activated macrophage adherence and phagocytosis to SRBC. Conclusions: It is suggested that PSM can be used for cancer patients with immunosuppression and adapted to many other diseases.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.748-753
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• 2001

This study is to investigate the effects of capsaicin with high-fat diet on tissue glycogen contents in exercise-trained rats. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were offered a high-fat diet for 2 wks in individual cages and were exercise-trained by a animal treadmill running throughout the experimental period. After 2 wks of the prefeeding with high-fat diet, the rats were divided into two group: high-fat diet group(CON)and high-fat diet + capsaicin(0.014%) group(CAP). The rats were killed by decapitation at 10 hr(rest), 1 hr and 2 hr after treadmill running(27m/min, 6$^{\circ}$). Body weight and epididymal adipose tissure weight were significantly lower in CAP than in CON, but soleus muscle weight was not different between the two groups. Glycogen contents in liver, soleus and gastrocnemius white muscles were significantly lower in CAP than in CON at rest, 1 hr and 2 hr (p<0.05). However, glycogen content in gastrocnemius red muscle was significantly higher in CAP compared with CON at 2 hr after the exercise(p<0.05). These results indicate that capsaicin intake with high-fat diet would decrease glycogen contents in liver and muscle, however, this effect on glycogen metabolism could be changed by muscle type.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2006

The purpose of this study were analysed fatigue character of lumbar extension Muscle during repeated trunk flexion-extension motion we used EMG multi-telemeter (WEB 5000, Nihon Koden, Japan), Medex lumbar extension machine(Ocala, USA). We evaluated 20 persons on chronic low back pain group and 20 persons on control group. We analysed the quantitative variables IMF, MF, decreased ratios of MF to investigate fatigue. As a result, the following conclusion was drawn : 1. Each lumbar IMF of CLBP was L5> L3> L1 in the order of their size. CON group was similar quantitative and same order. But the relationship of two groups were not significantly. 2 The IMF within lumbar position(L1-L3, L1-L5, L3-L5) of two groups was significantly all positions(p<.05). 3. The MF shifting at lumbar position of two groups during repeated trunk flexion-extension motion was decrease shifting pattern with increase repeating motion, especially CLBP group was suddenly dropping than CON at all lumbar positions(L1, L3, L5) on early stage motion(34 set). 4. The lumbar fatigue of CLBP was higher than CON during repeated trunk flexion-extention motion, so CLBP supposed more tired than CON. And it was significantly within two groups at lumbar positions(L1, L3 : p<.05, L5 : P<.01).

• 농업과학연구
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.677-685
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• 2018

Weaning pigs often face post-weaning challenges such as diarrhea, low feed intake, and body weight (BW) loss which affects the health and economic value of weaning pigs. Interestingly, the use of yeast cultures (YCs) as feed supplements for pigs has increased markedly in recent years. This study evaluated the effects of yeast cultures (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on the growth performance, fecal score, and nutrient digestibility of weaning pigs. A total of 50 crossed healthy weaning pigs [(Yorkshire ${\times}$ Landrace) ${\times}$ Duroc] with an average BW of $7.46{\pm}1.60kg$ (28 day of age) were used in a 6-week experiment. The experiment was divided into 3 phases (Phase 1, 1 - 2 weeks; Phase 2, 2 - 4 weeks; Phase 3, 4 - 6 weeks). Dietary treatments were as follows: 1) CON: basal diet and 2) CON + 0.50% YC. During phase 1, the average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the weaning pigs fed YC supplementation diets compared with the weaning pigs fed the CON diet. During phase 3 as well as overall, the gain/feed ratio (G/F) was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the YC supplementation group compared with the pigs fed the CON diet. In conclusion, the supplementation of YCs in the diet positively affected the growth performance of weaning pigs during the first two weeks after weaning.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1680-1687
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• 2012

Estrogen의 감소는 다양한 생리적 변화를 초래하며 특히 심혈관계 질환을 빠르게 진행시킨다고 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 실험동물인 흰쥐의 난소를 절제하여 인위적으로 갱년기를 유도한 후 선인장류인 천년초 씨 추출물의 혈중 지질 함량 및 혈류 개선에 대한 영향을 검토하였다. 7주 동안 천년초 씨 추출물을 섭취한 OHS 2%, OHS 6%군은 체중이 다소 증가하여 체중감소에는 효과를 나타내지 않았지만 섭취 농도가 증가 할수록 식이효율은 낮아져 비만조절 효과의 가능성이 기대된다. 총 콜레스테롤 함량은 천년초 추출물 투여로 인한 유의성 있게 감소하는 결과가 나타나지 않았으나, 혈청 중 중성지방 함량의 경우 천년초 씨 추출물이 2%와 6% 함유된 사료를 섭취시킨 OVX-OHS 2%군 및 OVX-OHS 6%군의 경우, OVX-CON군과 비교하여 중성지방 함량이 유의적으로 감소하는 결과가 나타났다. 혈청 중 LDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 OVX-CON군의 경우 SHAM군에 비해 유의적으로 증가하였으나, 천년초 추출물 투여군인OVX-OHS 2%군과 OVX-OHS 6%군의 경우 OVX-CON군에 비해 유의적으로 감소하는 결과가 나타났다. 동맥경화지수(atherogenic inde, AI)는 난소 절제한 OVX-CON군에 비하여 난소 절제 후 천년초 씨 추출물 첨가식이를 섭취한 OVX-OHS 6%군에서 유의적으로 감소되었다. 또한 심혈관위험지수를 나타내는 CRF역시 천년초 씨 추출물 첨가식이 섭취로 인해 감소하는 결과를 나타내었으며, 특히 OVX-OHS 6%군에서 유의적으로 감소하는 경향을 나타냈었다. 또한 천년초 씨 추출물을 섭취로 인해 난소절제군과 비교하여 혈류 흐름을 개선시키고 혈소판 응집을 저해하는 경향을 나타내었다. 따라서 천년초 씨 추출물이 갱년기 여성의 심혈관계 질환에 유효한 효과를 나타낼 것으로 사료된다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.689-696
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• 2024

Objective: Our study examined the impact of propriety blends of Bacillus strain probiotics on the performance, egg quality, and faecal microflora of laying hens. Methods: A total of 183 Institut de selection Animale (ISA) brown laying hens aged 23 weeks with an average body weight of 1,894±72 g were randomly allocated into 3 groups as control (corn-soybean meal based diet, CON), 0.5 g/kg Enterosure probiotics (ET1, 3×10⁸ colony-forming unit [CFU]/kg feed), and 5 g/kg Enterosure probiotics (ET2, 3×10⁹ CFU/kg feed) administered in mashed form. At the completion of each phase hen day egg production (HDEP), average egg weight (AEW), feed intake, and faecal microbiota were evaluated. Results: HDEP and AEW were higher (p<0.05) in the ET2-supplemented diet in phase 3 (week 9 to 12) compared with CON. Egg mass (EM) was higher (p<0.05) in phase 2 at ET2, and also higher (p<0.05) in phase 3 at the ET1 and ET2-supplemented diets compared with CON. Feed conversion ratio was lower (p<0.05) in phase 3 at the ET1 and ET2-supplemented diets, with ET2 being the lowest compared with ET1 and CON. Yolk colour was higher (p<0.05) in the ET-supplemented diets at phase 3 compared with CON. Bifidobacterium spp. was higher (p<0.05) in the ET2- supplemented diet compared with CON in phase 2, while in In phase 3, Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. were higher (p<0.05) in the ET-supplemented diets compared with CON. Coliforms were lower (p<0.05) in the ET-supplemented diets compared with CON in phase 3. Conclusion: The propriety blends of Bacillus strain probiotics supplements at 0.5 g/kg and 5 g/kg could improve the production and quality of eggs with more significance at 5 g/kg for HDEP, AEW and EM, which was achieved via the increase of beneficial microbiomes such as Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., and the decrease of pathogenic microbiomes like Escherichia coli and Coliforms which was speculated to improve gut barrier function and the reproductive hormone.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.726-737
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• 2023

Piperine, the main bioactive component of black pepper (Piper nigrum Linn.), has anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. This study evaluated the supplemental effects of piperine or black pepper on innate immunity, growth, feed utilization efficiency, and intestinal morphology in red seabream (Pagrus major). Six experimental diets were formulated, supplementing piperine at 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg levels (Con, P25, P50, P100, and P200) or 1.0 g/kg black pepper (BP100). Juvenile fish (7.6 ± 0.1 g) were randomly stocked into 18 circular tanks (220 L), including 30 fish per tank. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups, and the feeding trial was conducted for 8 weeks. The results showed that final body weight, specific growth rate, weight gain, and feed utilization efficiency were significantly improved (p < 0.05) when piperine was supplemented into diets at 0.25-2.0 g/kg levels compared to the Con group. Compared to the Con diet, condition factor was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in fish fed with dietary piperine at 0.25-2.0 g/kg or BP100 diet. Serum myeloperoxidase activity was increased (p < 0.05) in P25 and P100 groups and antiprotease activity was increased (p < 0.05) in P100 group compared to the Con group. Significantly higher (p < 0.05) lysozyme activity was observed in P50, P100, P200 and BP100 groups, while total immunoglobulin level was increased in P50, P100 and BP100 groups than Con group. Superoxide dismutase activity was increased (p < 0.05) by dietary piperine at 0.25-2.0 g/kg levels and BP100 diet compared to Con diet. Plasma cholesterol was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in fish fed with piperine (0.5-2.0 g/kg) or BP100 compared to the Con diet. Compared to the Con diet significantly longer (p < 0.05) intestinal villi were observed in fish fed with piperine at 0.25-1.0 g/kg levels, and higher goblet cell count was observed in P25 and BP100 groups. Dietary inclusion of piperine would be a potent immunostimulant in fish diet and the optimum supplementation level would be 0.25-1.0 g/kg.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.283-288
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• 1992

This work was performed to investigate the effects of brazilin in vitro on mitrogen-induced proliferation, ConA-induced TCGF release and responsiveness to recombinant-induced proliferation, ConA-induced TCGF release and responsiveness to recombinant IL-2 using splenocytes from C57BL/6 female mice. Brazilin (29-80 ng/ml) caused a noticeable increase in TCGF production of splenocytes, but did not affect responsivness to recombinant IL-2, the expression of ConA-induced high affinity IL-2 receptor and mitogen-induced proliferation of splenocytes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.722-730
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• 2016

The carcass traits and meat quality of Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) whose diets were supplemented with direct-fed microbial (DFM) and pine cone extract (PCE) were evaluated. Twenty head of Hanwoo steers were divided equally into four groups and for a period of 6 months were given different diets: One group was fed a basal diet as control (CON), the other three groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with DFM-1%, DFM+PCE-1% and DFM+PEC-3%, respectively. DFM+PCE3% diet resulted the lowest carcass quality grade. The loins of DFM-1% contained higher moisture and lower fat than did the loins from the CON group. The crude protein content of DFM+PCE-3% group was significantly higher than that of the other groups. The water holding capacity and Warner-Bratzler shear force of the DFM+PCE-1% and 3% groups were lower than those of the CON and DFM-1% groups. The DFM-1% and 3% groups contained lower saturated fatty acid, higher unsaturated fatty acid, mono-unsaturated fatty acid, and poly-unsaturated fatty acid than did CON and DFM+PCE 1% group. Moreover, the n6:n3 ratios of DFM-1% and DFM+PCE-1% and 3% groups were slightly lower than that of the CON group. Thus we concluded that DFM and PCE supplementation resulted healthier Hanwoo beef with lower fat content and n6:n3 ratio.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.629-632
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• 2004

The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of substituting bread by-product (BBP) for barley grain in high concentrate fattening diets for kids on nutrient intake, growth performance, and nutrient digestibility. Twenty-eight Baladi kids (body weight=17.1${\pm}$1.0 kg) were assigned randomly to 4 experimental finishing diets (7 kids/treatment) in a completely randomized design for 70 days. The control (CON) diet contained 20, 60, 11, 7 and 2% (DM basis) alfalfa hay, barley grain, soybean meal, corn grain, and mineral and vitamin mix, respectively. Bread by-product substituted barley grain by 10, 20 and 30% of the diet DM in the LBBP, MBBP, and HBBP diets, respectively. Dry matter intakes for the CON, LBBP and MBBP diets were similar (p>0.05; avg.=592 g/day), however, kids fed the HBBP diet had a lower (p<0.05) DM intake (451 g/day). Organic matter and CP intakes showed similar patterns to that observed for DM. Dietary treatments did not affect (p>0.05) average daily gain for kids fed the CON, LBBP and MBBP diets (avg.=150 g/day). Final body weights for kids fed the CON, LBBP and MBBP diets (avg. 27.1 kg) were greater (p<0.05) than for kids fed the HBBP diet (23.7 kg). Feed to gain ratio was greater for the CON, LBBP and MBBP diets (avg. 3.9) compared with the HBBP diet (5.0). No significant (p>0.05) effect of the dietary treatment was observed for DM, OM and NDF digestibility. Substituting BBP for barley grain up to 20% of the diet DM did not affect nutrient intake, growth performance and nutrient digestibility of kids and resulted in a decrease in feed cost.