• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.323-323
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• 2022

Jack bean [Canavalia ensiformis (L.)], belonging to the Leguminosae family has been frequently used in edible and medicinal plants in Asian countries. Jack beans are high in protein which is approximately 30%. Concanavalin A (Con A) is a major protein of Jack bean and belongs to the family of legume lectins. It has inhibitory effect on hepatocellular carcinoma by inducing autophagy. However, Con A negatively affects nutrient utilization by other mechanisms. It binds to the glycoproteins and glycolipids of the digestive tract mucosa, inhibits the activity of the enzymes of the brush border of the enterocytes. In order to use Jack bean young seedpods, they are restricted to 'young pods (soft, pre-swelling)' according to the 'Food Code' (Ministry of Food and Drug Safety). Therefore, in this study, we investigated the quantitative change of Con A across developmental stages of Jack bean pods. Biological samples consisted of Jack bean pods and seeds in 7 stages of development. The expression pattern of Con A mRNA was monitored by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). Expression of Con A proteins was analyzed by western blotting. The expression of Con A mRNA and protein in the seeds tended to increase gradually as the seeds expanded. However, in pods, they were much less than in seeds. As the expression of Con A mRNA and protein increases as the pods thicken, it is predicted that Con A synthesis increases when the thickness growth of the pod begins after the length growth of the pod is completed. Since the expression of Con A in the pods and seeds in very low when the pods are about 2 cm, therefore 2 cm pods seem appropriate when using 'young pods'. It is also necessary to study other proteins in Jack bean, such as Urease and Canavalin. These studies will serve as the basis for processing Jack bean.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.267-274
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• 2008

포배의 분화는 배아의 착상에 있어 핵심적인 단계로 배아 자체 또는 생식수관에서 유래하는 조절요인의 조절을 받는다. 이들 조절요인과 포배와의 순차적인 신호의 주고 받음은 분화의 중요한 단계로 인식되고 있다. 한편, 포배기 때 자유 칼슘을 통한 신호전달경로가 포배의 분화에 중요한 축의 하나로 제안되어 왔다. Concanavalin A(Con A)가 포배의 자유 칼슘 농도 증감을 유도한다는 것을 밝혀졌으나, 포배 내 자유 칼슘 농도를 변형시켜 부화와 그 이후의 발생을 촉진하는 것으로 알려진 heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor(HB-EGF)와는 달리 팽창 이후의 부화를 억제하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 착상과정에서 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려진 prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2)$가 포배의 분화에 관여하는지를 Con A와 연계하여 알아보았다. Con A는 그 처리 시간에 관계없이 1시간 처리군 그리고 계속처리군에서 팽창은 촉진하고 부화는 유의하게 억제하였다. 특히 계속처리군에서 부화율이 1시간 처리군에 비하여 유의하게 감소하였다. 또한, $PGE_2$도 포배 내 자율 칼슘 농도를 증가시켰으나 팽창과 부화를 촉진하지 않았다. 또한, $10{\mu}m\;PGE_2$ 농도에서는 부화가 억제되는 경향을 보였다. 그러나 흥미롭게도 $PGE_2$는 Con A가 처리된 포배의 부화를 촉진하였다. Con A를 전처리한 포배에 $PGE_2$를 처리할 경우 포배 내 자유 칼슘의 농도 증감이 진행됨을 공촛점현미경을 이용하여 분석할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 신호물질에 의해 유도된 자유 칼슘 농도의 증감이 신호물질에 따른 각기 다른 칼슘 매개로 활성화되는 신호경로를 조절하는 것을 추정할 수 있다. 또한, 순차적 신호물질 조절에 의한 자유 칼슘의 농도 증감이 포배의 분화에 있어 중요함을 제안한다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제102권2호
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• pp.182-188
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 산양삼과 감식초의 융합소재에 의한 혈중 지질 및 항산화능을 분석하고자 하였다. 4년근 산양삼을 4년 숙성된 감식초에 혼입 숙성시킨 후, 5배 희석하여 쥐에게 경구투여하였다. 집단은 대조군(CON), 감식초군(PV), 산양삼+감식초 융합소재군(MPV)으로 각각 구분하였다. 체중은 MPV가 가장 낮게 나타났으며, 저장 지방량은 PV 및 MPV가 CON에 비하여 낮았다. 혈중 지질은 CON에 비하여 PV, MPV가 낮았으며, 고밀도지단백콜레스테롤은 높았다. 간의 Cu, Zn-SOD 및 GPx는 MPV>PV>CON의 순서로 나타났으며, 유의차가 있었다. 특히 MPV에서 가장 높았다. 간의 MDA는 CON, PV >MPV로 나타났으며, 유의차가 있었다. 이러한 결과를 볼 때, 산양삼과 감식초의 융합소재는 지질과산화를 효과적으로 억제하는 건강식품으로서 활용이 가능할 것이다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.229-237
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of natural mineral complex fed to laying hens during the summer in terms of the egg quality. A total of 480 laying hens (160 leghorns, 160 Korean native chickens and 160 silkies, all 62 weeks old), were used for 4 weeks. The four dietary treatments were as follows: CON) basal diet; MC1) CON + 0.1% natural mineral complex (NMC); NMC3) CON + 0.3% NMC, and NMC5) CON + 0.5% NMC. In terms of egg weight, the NMC3 and NMC5 treatments had significantly higher egg weights than that of the CON (p < 0.001) in all species. Eggshell strength in the NMC3 and NMC5 treatments was significantly higher than that of the CON in the leghorns on 2 week (p < 0.01). In the Korean native chickens, the eggshell strength for the NMC1, NMC3 and NMC5 treatments was significantly higher than that of the CON during all periods. In 4 week, the eggshell strength for the CON and NMC1 treatment was significantly higher in the leghorns (p < 0.001), but the MC treatments had a significantly higher eggshell strength than that of the CON in Korean native chickens. Egg production was significantly improved in all the treatments compared to the NMC3 treatment (p < 0.05), and hatchability was also improved compared to the CON (p < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of natural mineral complex in chicken diets influenced the egg quality during the summer season.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2024

The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-obesity effects of adding Momordica charantia (MC) and Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum (CZ) extracts to drinking water on obesity-induced mice. A total of 84 eight-week-old C57BL/6N male mice with an initial body weight (BW) of 28.11 ± 1.39 g were used in this study. All treatments were fed a high-fat diet for d 28. Mice were randomly divided into seven drinking treatments (six replicate each treatment) based on the initial BW. Treatments are as follows: control (CON), normal tap water, MC 1, CON with 1% MC aqueous extract, MC 2, CON with 2% MC aqueous extract, CZ 1, CON with 1% CZ aqueous extract, CZ 2, CON with CZ aqueous extract (2%), MCZ 1, CON with 1% MC aqueous extract and 1% CZ aqueous extract, MCZ 2, CON with 2% MC aqueous extract and 2% CZ aqueous extract. During the entire period, the CZ 1, MCZ 1, and MCZ 2 significantly decreased (p < 0.05) gain to feed than CON. The CON significantly higher (p < 0.05) water intake than other treatments on d 0 to 14. The MCZ 1 significantly decreased (p < 0.05) relative (ratio of absolute organ weight to BW) organ weights, including retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (RWAT) weight and inguinal white adipose tissue (IWAT) weight, compared to CON. In conclusion, our study suggests that there was no significant difference in the anti-obesity effects between MC and CZ, and MCZ 1 has synergistic effects by regulating adipose tissue.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.2106-2112
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• 2018

Concanavalin A (ConA) interacts with carbohydrates as a lectin, and recent reports proposed its application for detecting a diversity of viruses and pathogens. Structural studies have detailed the interaction between ConA and carbohydrates and the metal coordination environment with manganese and calcium ions (Mn-Ca-ConA). In this study, ConA was crystallized with a cadmium-containing precipitant, and the refined structure indicates that $Mn^{2+}$ was replaced by $Cd^{2+}$ (Cd-Ca-ConA). The structural comparison with ConA demonstrates that the metal-coordinated residues of Cd-Ca-ConA, that is Glu8, Asp10, Asn14, Asp19, and His24, do not have conformational shifts, but residues for sugar binding, including Arg228, Tyr100, and Leu99, reorient their side chains, slightly. Previous studies demonstrated that excess cadmium ions can coordinate with other residues, including Glu87 and Glu183, which were not coordinated with $Cd^{2+}$ in this study. The trimeric ConA in this study coordinated $Cd^{2+}$ with other residues, including Asp80 and Asp82, for complex generation. The monomer does not have specific interaction near interface regions with the other monomer, but secondary cadmium coordinated with two aspartates (Asp80 and Asp82) from monomer 1 and one aspartate (Asp16) from monomer 2. This study demonstrated that complex generation was induced via coordination with secondary $Cd^{2+}$ and showed the application potential regarding the design of complex formation for specific interactions with target saccharides.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2001

상수리나무림에서 교란이 가해지지 않은 대조구(Con), 그리고 인위적으로 만든 숲틈(Gap)과 낙엽층 제거지역(Lr) 두 곳을 실험구로 설정하여 토양호흡과 호흡에 영향을 주는 토양온도, 수분, 유기물함량을 조사하였다. Con, Gap, Lr의 토양호흡률은 7월에 가장 높았으며, 이 때 각각의 평균 토양호흡률은 15.6±0.9, 11.2±1.4, 7.7 ± 1.3 CO₂μmol·m/sup -2/·s/sup -1/로 Con에 비해 Gap과 Lr에 서 28.6%와 50.6% 낮았다. Con, Gap, Lr에서 동절기에는 토양호흡률이 각각 0.5±0.0, 0.4±0.1, 0.3 ±0.0 CO₂μmol·m/sup -2/·s/sup -1/로 지소간 유의한 차이는 없었다. Con, Gap, Lr에서 조사기간의 평균 토양호흡률은 각각 5.0±4.7, 4.3±3.5, 2.8±2.2 CO₂μmol·m/sup -2/·s/sup -1/로 지소간 유의한 차이(P<0.01)가 있었다. Gap과 Lr은 Con에 비해 각각 24%, 44% 감소되었다. 토양으로부터 대기중으로 방출되는 연간 CO₂의 양은 Con, Gap, Lr에서 각각 6.86, 5.84, 3.81 CO₂㎏·m/sup -2/·yr/sup -1/ 이었다 (P<0.01). Gap과Lr는 Con에 비해 각각 14.8, 44.5%감소되었다. 교란의 정도와 관계없이 토양호흡률은 토양온도와 높은 상관관계가 있었다. 낙엽층은 토양생물의 에너지원이 되고 안정한 서식처를 제공하기 때문에 토양호흡과 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2008

본 시험은 microbial phytase을 첨가하여 산란계에 급여시 산란율, 계란 품질, 인 이용율 및 영양소 소화율에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 수행하였다. 32주령 Hy-Line Brown 갈색계 120수를 공시하여, 4주간 사양시험을 실시하였다. 시험 설계는 CON(control), LP(low phosphorus diet), NP(low phosphorus diet + 0.03% normal microbial phytase) 및 CP(low phosphorus diet + 0.03% coated microbial phytase)로 4개 처리를 하여 처리당 5반복, 반복당 6수씩 완전 임의 배치하였다. 전체 기간 동안 산란율은 CON과 CP 처리구가 LP 처리구보다 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 난각 강도와 난각 두께는 LP 처리구에 비해 CON, CP 및 NP 처리구가 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 난황색과 haugh unit에서는 CON, CP 및 NP 처리구가 LP 처리구보다 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 혈액내 칼슘과 인 농도는 CP 처리구가 LP 처리구에 비해 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 건물 소화율과 질소 소화율에서는 CP 처리구가 CON, LP 및 NP 처리구에 비하여 유의적으로 증가하였다(P<0.05). 회분소화율은 CON, CP 및 NP 처리구가 LP 처리구에 비해 증가하였다(P<0.05). 칼슘 소화율과 인 소화율에서는 CP와 NP 처리구가 CON과 LP 처리구에 비해 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 칼슘 흡수량은 CON, CP 및 NP 처리구가 LP 처리구보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 인 흡수량은 CP와 NP 처리구가 CON과 LP 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 높게 나타내었다(P<0.05). 질소와 칼슘 배출량은 CON, NP 및 CP 처리구가 LP 처리구에 비해 유의적으로 낮게 나타냈다(P<0.05). 인 배출량은 LP, NP 및 CP 처리구가 CON 처리구에 비해 유의적으로 낮게 나타내었다(P<0.05). 결론적으로, 산란계에 있어 코팅된 microbial phytase의 첨가는 산란율, 계란 품질, 혈액 내 칼슘과 무기태 인, 영양소 소화율과 칼슘 및 인 흡수량을 증진시키며, 질소와 칼슘 배출량을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.844-852
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum chemical composition, color value, salinity, pH, total acidity, and texture for the production of short-term Green Gochujang using Cheongyang pepper powder and Meju powder. The results were as follows. The moisture content for Green Gochujang made from Cheongyang pepper powder was 33.50% for CON, and 27.21% for GG1. Crude fat and crude protein contents increased as the amount of added Meju powder increased (p<0.001). GG1 and CON contained 9.47% and 9.05% crude ash contents. Water activity was between 0.89 to 0.90. A higher amount of added Meju powder resulted in an increased color L value (p<0.001). CON showed the highest a value and b value compared to GG4, which had the lowest a and b values. Salinity was between 5.10% to 5.83%, which was lower compared to a former study. CON had a pH of 5.25, and GG4 had a pH of 6.06. Regarding total acidity, CON had a total acidity of 0.85, and GG4 had a total acidity of 0.44. Hardness value was highest in GG1 (1535.63), and lowest in CON (422.07) (p<0.001). GG1 showed the highest value in the adhesiveness property test, whereas CON showed the lowest value. GG1, which contained the highest amount of Cheongyang pepper powder showed the highest gumminess value (698.47). In an acceptance test, CON and GG3 showed the best appearance and scent value. GG3 received the highest interest in taste, texture, and overall quality. Through these results, GG3 made with 150 g of Chengyang Green pepper powder, 200 g of Meju powder, 600 g of starch syrup, 500 g of water, and 75 g of salt showed fine overall sensory interest, and therefore can be used for the production of fine Green Gochujang and Gochujang sauce.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.235-242
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics of makpyeon prepared with dry milled rice powder. The makpyeon samples prepared with dry milled rice powder and various amount makgeolli (0% (CON), 25% (M25), 50% (M50), 75% (M75), 100% (M100)), and analyzed for moisture content, pH, Hunter's color value, TPA and sensory evaluation. The moisture content did not showed significant difference among makpyeon samples. The L-value, a-value resulted in that CON showed the highest and decreased with the amount of makgeolli. The b-value of makpyeon samples showed that CON was the lowest and increased with the amount of makgeolli. TPA resulted in that M100 showed the highest hardness and the lowest adhesiveness, cohesiveness. Chewiness and gumminess of makpyeon samples were higher than those of CON. Based on quantitative descriptive analysis, the score of brightness, moistness, particle size and gloss of showed higher in CON that in makpyeon samples, firmness increased with the amount of makgeolli. Flavor attributes of liquor odor, sour odor, fermentation odor of makpyeon was stronger in makpyeon samples that in CON with the amount of makgeolli. Acceptance test resulted in makpyeon made with CON, 100% of makgeolli (M100) showed the significantly highest score in taste and overall acceptance.