Korean Journal of Agricultural Science (농업과학연구)

Institute of Agricultural Science, CNU (충남대학교 농업과학연구소)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Anti-obesity effects of two herbal extracts in C57BL/6N mice fed high-fat diet

  • Hyuck Kim (Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Jihwan Lee (Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia) ;
  • Seyeon Chang (Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Dongcheol Song (Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Jaewoo An (Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Sehyun Park (Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Kyeongho Jeon (Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Jungseok Choi (Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Jinho Cho (Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University)
  • Received : 2023.12.04
  • Accepted : 2024.02.21
  • Published : 2024.03.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-obesity effects of adding Momordica charantia (MC) and Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum (CZ) extracts to drinking water on obesity-induced mice. A total of 84 eight-week-old C57BL/6N male mice with an initial body weight (BW) of 28.11 ± 1.39 g were used in this study. All treatments were fed a high-fat diet for d 28. Mice were randomly divided into seven drinking treatments (six replicate each treatment) based on the initial BW. Treatments are as follows: control (CON), normal tap water, MC 1, CON with 1% MC aqueous extract, MC 2, CON with 2% MC aqueous extract, CZ 1, CON with 1% CZ aqueous extract, CZ 2, CON with CZ aqueous extract (2%), MCZ 1, CON with 1% MC aqueous extract and 1% CZ aqueous extract, MCZ 2, CON with 2% MC aqueous extract and 2% CZ aqueous extract. During the entire period, the CZ 1, MCZ 1, and MCZ 2 significantly decreased (p < 0.05) gain to feed than CON. The CON significantly higher (p < 0.05) water intake than other treatments on d 0 to 14. The MCZ 1 significantly decreased (p < 0.05) relative (ratio of absolute organ weight to BW) organ weights, including retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (RWAT) weight and inguinal white adipose tissue (IWAT) weight, compared to CON. In conclusion, our study suggests that there was no significant difference in the anti-obesity effects between MC and CZ, and MCZ 1 has synergistic effects by regulating adipose tissue.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by "Regional Innovation Strategy (RIS)" through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (MOE) (2021RIS-001).

References

  1. Ahn J, Lee H, Kim S, Park J, Ha T. 2008. The anti-obesity effect of quercetin is mediated by the AMPK and MAPK signaling pathways.Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 373:545-549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.06.077
  2. Akhlaghi M, Kohanmoo A. 2018. Mechanisms of anti-obesity effects of catechins: A review. International Journal of Nutrition Sciences 3:127-132.
  3. Ananthakumar T, Jones NR, Hinton L, Aveyard P. 2020. Clinical encounters about obesity: Systematic review of patients' perspectives. Clinical Obesity 10:12347.
  4. Bao B, Chen YG, Zhang L, Na Xu YL, Wang X, Liu J, Qu W. 2013. Momordica charantia (bitter melon) reduces obesity-associated macrophage and mast cell infiltration as well as inflammatory cytokine expression in adipose tissues. PLoS One 8:e84075.
  5. Chang KM, Kim GH. 2012. Volatiles of Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum K. Preventive Nutrition and Food Science 17:234-238. https://doi.org/10.3746/pnf.2012.17.3.234
  6. Esther LD, Gupta C, Khusro A, Salem AZM. 2019. Susceptibility of poultry associated bacterial pathogens to Momordica charantia fruits and evaluation of in vitro biological properties. Microbial Pathogenesis 132:222-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2019.05.002
  7. Fan M, Lee JI, Ryu YB, Choi YJ, Tang Y, Oh M, Moon SH, Lee B, Kim EK. 2021. Comparative analysis of metabolite profiling of Momordica charantia leaf and the anti-obesity effect through regulating lipid metabolism. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18:5584.
  8. Hardie DG, Ross FA, Hawley SA. 2012. AMPK: A nutrient and energy sensor that maintains energy homeostasis. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 13:251-262. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm3311
  9. Huang HL, Hong YW, Wong YH, Chen YN, Chyuan JH, Huang CJ, Chao PM. 2008. Bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) inhibits adipocyte hypertrophy and down regulates lipogenic gene expression in adipose tissue of diet-induced obese rats. British Journal of Nutrition 99:230-239. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114507793947
  10. Ioannides-Demos LL, Piccenna L, McNeil JJ. 2011. Pharmacotherapies for obesity: Past, current, and future therapies. Journal of Obesity 2011:179674.
  11. Khusro A, Aarti C, Preetamraj JP, Panicker SG. 2013. Antibacterial activity of different solvent extracts of garlic against new strains of pathogenic bacteria: An in vitro study. International Journal of Applied Biology and Pharmaceutical Technology 4:316-321.
  12. Kim YJ, Kim HK, Lee HS. 2018. Hypoglycemic effect of standardized Chrysanthemum zawadskii ethanol extract in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice and rats. Food Science and Biotechnology 27:1771-1779. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-018-0399-9
  13. Kopelman PG. 2000. Obesity as a medical problem. Nature 404:635-643. https://doi.org/10.1038/35007508
  14. Le TH, Disegna M, Lloyd T. 2023. National food consumption patterns: Converging trends and the implications for health. EuroChoices 22:66-73. https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12272
  15. Lee MS, Kim Y. 2020. Chrysanthemum morifolium flower extract inhibits adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells via AMPK/SIRT1 pathway activation. Nutrients 12:2726.
  16. Li Z, Li J, Gu L, Begum S, Wang Y, Sun B, Lee M, Sung C. 2014. Chrysanthemum zawadskii extract induces hair growth by stimulating the proliferation and differentiation of hair matrix. International Journal of Molecular Medicine 34:130-136. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2014.1768
  17. Murase T, Nagasawa A, Suzuki J, Hase T, Tokimitsu I. 2002. Beneficial effects of tea catechins on diet-induced obesity: Stimulation of lipid catabolism in the liver. International Journal of Obesity 26:1459-1464. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802141
  18. Raish M, Ahmad A, Ansari MA, Alkharfy KM, Aljenoobi FI, Jan BL, Al-Mohizea AM, Khan A, Ali N. 2018. Momordica charantia polysaccharides ameliorate oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in ethanol-induced gastritis in mucosa through NF-kB signaling pathway inhibition. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 111:193-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.008
  19. Rodrigues HG, Diniz YS, Faine LA, Galhardi CM, Burneiko RC, Almeida JA, Ribas BO, Novelli ELB. 2005. Antioxidant effect of saponin: Potential action of a soybean flavonoid on glucose tolerance and risk factors for atherosclerosis. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 56:79-85. https://doi.org/10.1080/09637480500081738
  20. Saltiel AR, Olefsky JM. 2017. Inflammatory mechanisms linking obesity and metabolic disease. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 127:1-4. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI92035
  21. Senanayake GVK, Maruyama M, Sakono M, Fukuda N, Morishita T, Yukizaki C, Kawano M, Ohta H. 2004. The effects of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) extracts on serum and liver lipid parameters in hamsters fed cholesterol-free and cholesterol-enriched diets. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology 50:253-257. https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.50.253
  22. Seo S, Lee MS, Chang E, Shin Y, Oh S, Kim IH, Kim Y. 2015. Rutin increases muscle mitochondrial biogenesis with AMPK activation in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. Nutrients 7:8152-8169. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7095385
  23. Sharma BR, Oh J, Kim HA, Kim YJ, Jeong KS, Rhyu DY. 2015. Anti-obesity effects of the mixture of Eriobotrya japonica and Nelumbo nucifera in adipocytes and high-fat diet-induced obese mice. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine 43:681-694.
  24. Sharma N, Radha, Kumar M, Kumari N, Puri S, Rais N, Natta S, Dhumal S, Navamaniraj N, Chandran D, et al. 2023. Phytochemicals, therapeutic benefits and applications of chrysanthemum flower: A review. Heliyon 9:e20232.
  25. Shih CC, Lin CH, Lin WL. 2008. Effects of Momordica charantia on insulin resistance and visceral obesity in mice on high-fat diet. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 81:134-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2008.04.023
  26. Sun NN, Wu TY, Chau CF. 2016. Natural dietary and herbal products in anti-obesity treatment. Molecules 21:1351.
  27. Szymanski C, Andrejak M, Peltier M, Marechaux S, Tribouilloy C. 2014. Adverse effects of benfluorex on heart valves and pulmonary circulation. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 23:679-686. https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.3642
  28. Wang J, Ryu HK. 2015. The effects of Momordica charantia on obesity and lipid profiles of mice fed a high-fat diet. Nutrition Research and Practice 9:489-495. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2015.9.5.489
  29. WHO (World Health Organization). 2018. Noncommunicable diseases country profiles 2018. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
  30. Wu TY, Khor TO, Saw CLL, Loh SC, Chen AI, Lim SS, Park JHY, Cai L, Kong ANT. 2011. Anti-inflammatory/anti-oxidative stress activities and differential regulation of Nrf2-mediated genes by non-polar fractions of tea Chrysanthemum zawadskii and licorice Glycyrrhiza uralensis. The AAPS Journal 13:1-13. https://doi.org/10.1208/s12248-010-9239-4
  31. Xu X, Shan B, Liao CH, Xie JH, Wen PW, Shi JY. 2015. Anti-diabetic properties of Momordica charantia L. polysaccharide in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 81:538-543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.08.049
  32. Yamauchi T, Waki H, Kamon J, Murakami K, Motojima K, Komeda K, Miki H, Kubota N, Terauchi Y, Tsuchida A, et al. 2001. Inhibition of RXR and PPARγ ameliorates diet-induced obesity and type 2 diabetes. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 108:1001-1013. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI12864
  33. Yoo A, Jang YJ, Ahn J, Jung CH, Seo HD, Ha TY. 2020. Chrysanthemi Zawadskii var. Latilobum attenuates obesity-induced skeletal muscle atrophy via regulation of PRMTs in skeletal muscle of mice. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21:2811.
  34. Yoon NA, Park J, Jeong JY, Rashidova N, Ryu J, Roh GS, Kim HJ, Cho GJ, Choi WS, Lee DH, et al. 2019. Anti-obesity activity of ethanol extract from bitter melon in mice fed high-fat diet. Development & Reproduction 23:129-138. https://doi.org/10.12717/DR.2019.23.2.129
  35. Yu Y, Zhang XH, Ebersole B, Ribnicky D, Wang ZQ. 2013. Bitter melon extract attenuating hepatic steatosis may be mediated by FGF21 and AMPK/Sirt1 signaling in mice. Scientific Reports 3:3142.
  36. Zhang Y, Gu M, Cai W, Yu L, Feng L, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Wang D, Chen H, et al. 2016. Dietary component isorhamnetin is a PPARγ antagonist and ameliorates metabolic disorders induced by diet or leptin deficiency. Scientific Reports 6:19288.
  37. Zhu Y, Bai J, Qian X, Yang X, Zhou X, Zhao Y, Dong Y, Xiao X. 2022. Effect of superfine grinding on physical properties, bioaccessibility, and anti-obesity activities of bitter melon powders. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 102:4473-4483. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.11802
  38. Ziberna L, Jenko-Praznikar Z, Petelin A. 2021. Serum bilirubin levels in overweight and obese individuals: The importance of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant responses. Antioxidants 10:1352.