• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.234-236
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• 2016

A 14 kg, 9-year-old, spayed female, Cocker Spaniel was presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Seoul National University with a history of head tilt and circling. Otitis externa and media were diagnosed by computerized tomography, and total ear canal ablation was performed. In preanesthetic evaluation, systemic hypertension and second-degree atrioventricular block were observed, but there was no regurgitation through the heart valves. Systemic hypertension was managed with amlodipine (0.1 mg/kg, PO, BID) for the anesthesia. The dog was premedicated with cefazolin (22 mg/kg, IV) and midazolam (0.2 mg/kg, IV). Anesthesia was induced with alfaxalone (2 mg/kg, IV) and maintained with isoflurane and 100% oxygen following intubation. During surgery, vital signs (heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, end tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure and body temperature) were maintained within normal ranges, but bradycardia was observed and corrected with glycopyrrolate (5 ug/kg IV, twice). During subcuticular suture, electrohemostasis was applied at the incision line, which was close to the trigeminal nerve. In no time at all, heart rate dramatically decreased from 110 to 60 beats per minute. No additional treatment was done because mean blood pressure was maintained above 70 mmHg. The heart rate recovered according to the decrease of end tidal isoflurane concentration and there were no complications associated with the anesthesia and surgery. Sudden bradycardia after electrical stimulation around the trigeminal nerve was considered as trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR). It is recommended to be careful of bradycardia from TCR when electrocautery is used in the craniofacial area during surgery.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.293-300
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• 2011

Purpose: Substance P is a well known neurotransmitter and has been known to mediate pain. Recently, it has been unveiled that substance P is involved in the recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells to wound sites. The purpose of this study was to exam bone formation when a combination of substance P and silk fibroin was used in a bone defect model. Methods: Twenty rabbits were used and 40 calvarial defects were formed. They were divided as 4 groups (unfilled control, silk only, silk+$10{\mu}g$/ml substance P; Sub10, and silk+$100{\mu}g$/ml substance P; Sub100). All animals were humanely sacrificed 4 or 8 weeks after grafting. The specimens were analyzed by micro-computerized tomography and histological analysis. Results: When compared to the unfilled control to silk only group, there was significant difference in bone mineral density (BMD) and the attenuation coefficient (AC) at 4 weeks ($p$=0.037 and 0.038, respectively). When compared Sub10 group to Sub100 group, there was significant difference in BMD and AC at 8 weeks ($p$=0.004 for all). Residual graft amounts were $52.1{\pm}15.8$%, $15.2{\pm}9.2$% and $9.0{\pm}3.3$% for silk only, Sub10, and Sub100 groups, respectively. When comparing the residual graft amount of silk only to sub10 or sub100, the differences were statistically significant ($p$ <0.001). Conclusion: The silk fibroin scaffold showed higher BMD and AC than the unfilled control. The combination graft with substance P and silk fibroin scaffold showed a faster graft degradation than with a silk fibroin scaffold only.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the preventing effects of OPB (water extracts of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch and Eleutherococcus senticosus Max) on bone loss in ovariectomized rats. Twenty Sprague Dawley rats of 13 week-old were divided into two groups: control group (ovariectomized, OVX)) and experimental group (OVX + OPB). The preventing effects of OPB on bone loss, OPB were fed with 100 mg OPB/kg body weight from 3 days after ovariectomization. The duration of the treatment period was 8 weeks. All bone mineral density, bone mineral content indices and bone strength indices measured by peripheral quantitative computerized tomography (pQCT) and serum bone marker assessment were carried out at end of experiment. pQCT scanning showed that OVX induced a significant decrease in cancellous bone mineral density in the proximal tibia ($-29.8{\pm}3.0%$). These decreases were significantly prevented by the administration of OPB 100 mg/kg ($-21.4{\pm}2.3%$. p<0.05). Bone strength indices showed significant difference between OVX and OPB treated rats (anti-fracture, anti-twisting, p<0.05). These data suggested that administration of OPB inhibited the loss of bone in OVX rats. CTx level were lower than in the OPB-treated animals compared with OVX. However there was no significant difference between OVX and OPB treated OVX rat. Our results suggest that OPB is effective in preventing the development of bone loss induced by ovariectomy in rats.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2010

Nowadays, most hospitals have been used to create MRI or CT and managed them. Doctors depend on fast access to images such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRIs), computerized tomography (CT) scans, and X-rays for accurate diagnoses. Those image data are related privacy of a patient. Therefore, it should be protected from hackers and managed perfectly. In this paper, we propose a data hiding method into MRI or CT related a condition and intervention of a patient, and it is suggested that how to authenticate patient information from an image. In this way, we create hash code using HMAC with patient information, and hash code and patient information is hided into an image. After then, doctor will check authentication using HMAC. In addition, we use a reversible data hiding DE(Difference Expansion) algorithm to hide patient information. This technique is possible to reconstruct the original image with stego image. Therefore, doctor can easily be possible to check condition of a patient. As a consequence of an experiment with MRI image, data hiding, extraction and reconstruct is shown compact performance.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.663-668
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• 2008

Purpose: Pedicled transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous(TRAM) flap has been a gold standard for breast reconstruction and one of surgical techniques preferred by many surgeons. The authors examined the course of deep epigastric artery focusing on distance from margins of rectus abdominis to pedicle and location of choke vessels to get minimal muscles during pedicled TRAM flap operation. Methods: Eleven rectus abdominis muscle from nine cadavers were used in this study. Rectus abdominis was separated from the cadavers, deep inferior and superior epigastric artery were isolated and then 8 anatomical landmarks in medial and lateral margins of rectus abdominis were designated. Distance to a pedicle meeting first horizontally was measured and vertical location from umbilicus to choke vessel was determined. In addition, 32 rectus abdominis images of 16 women(average age: 37.2 years old) from 64 channel abdomen dynamic computerized tomography were also examined with the same anatomical landmarks with those of cadavers. Results: Average distance from four landmarks on lateral margin of rectus abdominis to pedicle was 1.9 - 3.4cm and 1.8 - 3.8 cm on medial margin. Choke vessel was located between middle and inferior tendinous intersection in all cases and average distance between two tendinous intersection was 6.7 - 7.0 cm on medial margin and 6.2 cm on lateral margin. Location of inferior tendinous intersection was on umbilicus or superior of it in all cases and its average distance from umbilicus was 1.8 - 5.6 cm on medial margin and 2.7 - 6.2 cm on lateral margin. Conclusion: Distance from medial and lateral margins of rectus abdominis muscle to pedicle was the shortest in inferior tendinous intersection and that was averagely 1.8 cm on medial margin and 1.9 cm in average on lateral margin. All choke vessels were located between middle and inferior tendinous intersection.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.344-350
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• 2007

Laryngo-tracheal perforation caused by the use of a stylet during tracheal intubation is a rare complication. We present a case of subcutaneous emphysema and connective tissue inflammation after tracheal intubation. The patient was a 41-year-old male undergoing general anesthesia for an appendectomy. The intubation was difficult during laryngoscopy (Cormack- Lehane Grade III). An assistant provided an endotracheal tube with a stylet inside while the laryngoscope was in place. During intubation, a short, dull sound was heard with a sudden loss of resistance after the distal tip of the endotracheal tube passed the rima glottis. A sonogram and computerized tomography revealed subcutaneous emphysema from the neck to the upper mediastinum and fluid collection between the trachea and the thyroid. This lesion appeared to have been caused by the protruded, loose stylet. Anesthesiologists should be aware of the damage a loose stylet protruding beyond the tip of the endotracheal tube can cause.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.5107-5110
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• 2013

Background: Among women with haematuria, defining individuals under high risk for bladder cancer based on reproductive factors prior to cystoscopy would be of great benefit in the management of this condition. The aim of this study was to compare age and reproductive factors such as menopausal status, parity, age at first delivery and age at the last delivery between women who have haematuria with or without bladder cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 463 patients underwent diagnostic cystoscopy in D$\ddot{u}$zce University Faculty of Medicine between 1 June 2008 and 1 June 2013. Female patients who presented with persistent microscopic or macroscopic haematuria and underwent standard evaluation for haematuria including urinalysis, urine culture, urine cytology, urinary tract imaging with excretory urography or computerized tomography with contrast enhancement and endoscopic evaluation of the urethra and bladder were included in this study. Exclusion criteria were tobacco use and high risk occupations for bladder cancer such as textile, dry cleaning, painting and etc. Forteen women had hematuria due to benign conditions, and 18 due to bladder cancer. Data were retrospectively retrieved from the medical records of Duzce University Hospital. Results: Patients with haematuria due to benign reasons did not significantly differ from patients who were found to have bladder cancer in terms of age (p=0.28), menopausal status (p=0.29), mean parity (p=0.38), being nulliparous (p=0.57), parity ${\geq}3$ (p=0.22), age ${\leq}18$ years at first delivery (p=1.00), age ${\geq}30$ years at last delivery (p=0.26), age ${\geq}35$ years at last delivery (p=0.23) and percentage of the patients with advanced age (${\geq}65$ years) (p=0.18). Conclusions: It is difficult to predict a high risk for developing bladder cancer in women with haematuria based solely on reproductive factors.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.205-217
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• 2008

Objectives : We investigated the effects of Herba Ephedrae and Rhizoma Amorphophalli on high fat diet induced obese male mice. Methods : 8 weeks old, high fat diet induced obese male mice were divided into 5 groups: C57BL/6 normal control, obese vehicle control, GGEx55 (Herba Ephedrae), GGEx61 (Rhizoma Amorphophalli), GGEx62 (Herba Ephedrae + Rhizoma Amorphophalli). After mice were treated with GGEx for 8 weeks, we measured body weight gain, food intake, feeding efficiency ratio, rectal temperature, fat weight, plasma leptin and lipid levels. We also took micro-computerized axial tomography (micro-CT) on the mice. Results : 1. GGEx55 and GGEx62 groups significantly decreased body weight gain and feeding efficiency ratio compared with vehicle control. But they significantly increased rectal temperature. 2. Plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly increased by GGEx55 groups, whereas were significantly decreased by GGEx62 groups compared with vehicle control. 3. GGEx55 and GGEx62 groups significantly decreased total, subcutaneous and visceral fat as well as fat areas in micro-CT analysis of abdomen compared with vehicle control. 4. Plasma GOT and GPT concentrations were significantly increased by GGEx55 groups compared with vehicle control. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that GGEx55 and GGEx62 effectively reduces body weight gain, feeding efficiency ratio in high fat diet induced obese mice, leading to the modulation of obesity. In addition, GGEx55 and GGEx62 decreases visceral adipose tissue mass and improves plasma lipids, suggesting that GGEx55 and GGEx62 may act as a therapeutic agent for obesity.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.171-179
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• 2002

It is well known that the geometry of the articular surface plays a major role in the kinematic and kinetic analysis to understand human knee joint function during motion. The functionality of the knee joint cannot be accurately modeled without considering the effects of sliding and lolling motions. We Present a 3-D human knee joint model considering sliding and rotting motion and major ligaments. We employ more realistic articular geometry using two cam profiles obtained from the extrusion of the sagittal Plain view of the representative Computerized Tomography image of the knee joint compared to the previously reported model. Our model shows good agreement with the already reported experimental results on Prediction of the lines of force through the human joint during gait. The contact point between femur and tibia moves toward the Posterior direction as the knee undergoes flexion, reflecting the coupling of anterior and Posterior motion with flexion/extension. The anterior/posterior displacement of the contact Point on the tibia plateau during one gait cycle is about 16 mm. for the lateral condyle and 25 mm. for the medial condyle using the employed model Also. the femur motion on the tibia undergoes lateral/medial movement about 7 mm. and 10 mm. during one gait cycle for the lateral condyle and medial condyle. respectively. The developed computational model maybe Potentially employed to identify the joint degeneration.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.465-472
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• 1995

An accurate preoperative localization in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism is important for successful surgical intervention. There are many methods for the localization of the primary hyperparathyroidism such as ultrasonography, computerized tomography(CT), magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), angiography and $^{201}T1/^{99m}Tc$ subtraction scan. Among them $^{201}T1/^{99m}Tc$ subtraction scan is known as the most accurate tool for preoperative localization. Recently $^{99m}Tc$-Sestamibi has been used for parathyroid gland imaging. We experienced 19 primary hyperparathyroidisms accurately localized with $^{201}T1/^{99m}Tc$ subtraction imaging and $^{99m}Tc$-Sestamibi. The sensitivities of the $^{99m}Tc$-Sestanibi, $^{201}T1/^{99m}Tc$ subtraction imaging, CT and US were 100%(5/5), 89.5%(17/19) and 61.7(12/19) respectively. With the combination of $^{99m}Tc$-Sestamibi and $^{201}T1/^{99m}Tc$ subtraction imaging we could localize with 100% accuracy. Although the case number is small, this study suggests that the $^{99m}Tc$-Sestamibi parathyroid scan is very useful and easy to use for preoperative localization in primary hyperparathyroidism.