• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.89-97
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• 2014

As the digital control technologies in automotive industry have advanced, electronic control units(ECUs) play a key-role to improve system performance. Transmission control unit(TCU) is a shifting controller for automatic transmission of which major functions are to determine the shift and manage the shifting process considering the various sensor signal on transmission and driver's commands. As with any ECU in vehicle, TCU performs complex algorithms such as shift control, diagnostic and failsafe functions. However, firmware design analysis is hardly possible by the reverse engineering due to code protection. Transmission simulator is a hardware-in-the-loop simulator which enables TCU to work in normal mode by simulating the electrical signal of TCU interface. In this research, diagnosis and failsafe algorithm implemented on commercialized TCU is analyzed by using the transmission simulator that is developed for wheel loader construction vehicle. This paper gives various experimental results on the proportional solenoid current trajectories for different operating modes, error detection criterion and limphome mode gears for all the possible cases of clutch malfunction. The derived results for conventional TCU can be applied to the development of inherent TCU algorithms and the transmission simulator can also be utilized for the test of TCU to be developed.

• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.61-67
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• 2014

When a manual transmission equipped car stops on an incline where the nose of the car is higher than the rear, hill-start control or hill-holder could prevent the vehicle from rolling backward as the car moves forward. The easy-hill assist valve consists of a check valve and a needle type ON/OFF solenoid valve connected in parallel; it is a hydraulic actuator that can maintain brake pressure using an electrical signal from the ECU. As the EHA valve is a safety-related component of the brake system, high reliability as well as superior dynamic performance is required for it to be applied in commercial vehicles. This paper presents the design of the EHA valve as a piece of equipment that can simulate the brake actuation pressure with a pressurizing piston. Following specific test standards, the experimental results validate the implemented functions of the test equipment, proving the test stand to be effective for the performance and endurance of the EHA valve.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.1947-1953
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• 2011

OSEK/VDX is a joint project aiming at an industry standard for ECUs in vehicles and OSEK OS is a real-time operating system that meets OSEK/VDX specifications. In this paper, we suggest an implementation of task switching and interrupt handling mechanisms of OSEK operating system based on ARM processors. Considering the requirements of OSEK OS and characteristics of ARM processor, we have designed task switching and interrupt handling mechanisms. For evaluating the validation of the suggested mechanisms, we have checked the functional correctness on an experimental embedded board with ARM processor and calculated the time of task switching and interrupt handling.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.94-104
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• 2000

The accuracy and reliability of the target tracking is very critical issue in the design of automotive collision warning radar A significant problem in multi-target tracking (MTT) is the target-to-measurement data association If an incorrect measurement is associated with a target, the target could diverge the track and be prematurely terminated or cause other targets to also diverge the track. Most methods for target-to-measurement data association tend to coalesce neighboring targets Therefore, many algorithms have been developed to solve this data association problem. In this paper, a new multi-target data association method based on order statistics is described The new approaches. called the order statistics probabilistic data association (OSPDA) and the order statistics joint probabilistic data association (OSJPDA), are formulated using the association probabilities of the probabilistic data association (PDA) and the joint probabilistic data association (JPDA) filters, respectively Using the decision logic. an optimal or near optimal target-to-measurement data association is made A computer simulation of the proposed method in a heavy cluttered condition is given, including a comparison With the nearest-neighbor CNN). the PDA, and the JPDA filters, Simulation results show that the performances of the OSPDA filter and the OSJPDA filter are superior to those of the PDA filter and the JPDA filter in terms of tracking accuracy about 18% and 19%, respectively In addition, the proposed method is implemented using a developed digital signal processing (DSP) board which can be interfaced with the engine control unit (ECU) of car engine and with the d?xer through the controller area network (CAN)

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.167-177
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• 2018

As the number of attacks on vehicles has increased, studies on CAN-based security technologies are actively being carried out. However, since the upper layer protocol of CAN differs for each vehicle manufacturer and model, there is a great difficulty in researches such as developing anomaly detection for CAN or finding vulnerabilities of ECUs. In this paper, we propose a method to infer the detailed structure of the data field of CAN frame by analyzing CAN trace to mitigate this problem. In the existing Internet environment, many researches for reverse engineering proprietary protocols have already been carried out. However, CAN bus has a structure difficult to apply the existing protocol reverse engineering technology as it is. In this paper, we propose new field classification methods with low computation-cost based on the characteristics of data in CAN frame and existing field classification method. The proposed methods are verified through implementation that analyze CAN traces generated by simulations of CAN communication and actual vehicles. They show higher accuracy of field classification with lower computational cost compared to the existing method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.105-108
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• 2010

The vehicle navigation system is a representative driver supporting system that available to present searching and guiding path functions, have been increased for usability. Under competition situation because of following the spreaded navigation market, to meet customer's needs about new given services, there are need differentiated services increasing dramatically. Also now, dash board indicates various vehicle's status and driver can aware of that. However it is not easy to know where is abnormal essentially and there are no devices to give warning to driver. Therefore, It is difficult to preserve accidents because it can't deal with various abnormal functions immediately on driving. In this paper, we proposed vehicle diagnosis program within navigation that is available to manage and to make a diagnosis of vehicle. And this program conform OBD-II standard, so it can transmit diagnosis data from ECU to navigation system using Bluetooth wireless communication protocol. Thus this program give enhanced services to customer as well as multimedia and geometry information services.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.391-399
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• 2021

Purpose: As laptop use increases throughout the COVID-19 pandemic and its use outside of traditional workstations proliferates, it is imperative to expand the limited research available regarding ergonomic exposure. This study aimed to identify the effects of a laptop supporter on biomechanical characteristics in the wrist joint muscles of healthy young adults. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study design with thirty-four healthy young adults as participants. They conducted a typing exercise performed under two different conditions, which were with and without a notebook computer supporter. This study measured the biomechanical characteristics of the muscles of the wrist joints including the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU), the flexor carpi radialis (FCR), the extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL), and the extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU). Measurements were taken three times: before typing, immediately after typing for 30 minutes with a supporter, and immediately after typing for 30 minutes without a supporter. The statistical method to compare the three different measurement conditions was the repeated measures ANOVA. Results: The participants showed significantly different levels of dynamic stiffness in both the FCU before typing and immediately after 30 minutes of typing with a supporter, and showed significantly different levels of dynamic stiffness in the FCR before typing and immediately after 30 minutes of typing with a supporter. The dynamic stiffness level immediately after 30 minutes of typing without a supporter was significantly different than that immediately after 30 minutes of typing with a supporter. However, the muscle tone was not significantly different among the three different conditions. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that a laptop supporter used to correct the eye level of the electronic screen increases the dynamic stiffness of the wrist joint flexors, so it is necessary to consider the neutral position of the wrist joint during typing.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.2115-2120
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• 2017

Presently, It is required to change convergence the role of hardware system and software technology that promoted trust of In-Vehicle for integrated complex system visibility evaluation. There is possibility for the period system can invoke unpredictable confusing blank state. The blank state systems have ecosystem characteristics that are supplied, maintained and operated through the complex interactions of technology and culture. Using universal middleware can support the life-cycle model and increase the visibility of complex systems and prepare for confusing situations. In this study, based on universal middleware, data and service dynamic standardized modules were evaluated to support stable system visibility platform. The system visibility module consists of Intelligent Pervasive Cloud module, Memorial Service module and Life Cycler connection module. In addition, the analysis results are supported by various network application service standards through platform independent system and architecture.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.203-210
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• 2019

Most cars today use electronic control to control the state of the engine to achieve optimum performance. This study developed a device for maintaining fault diagnosis and optimal vehicle status by displaying the engine information of a car on the screen in real time using can communication. This system displays information generated from the engine to the driver in real time such as engine intake and exhaust temperature, current battery voltage, tire pressure, RPM, DPF collection amount, torque, and horsepower through the OBD2 socket. You can check immediately. It can help you to drive safely by measuring tire pressure and displaying it on the screen, and it provides a mode to set the shift timing to suit your taste. In particular, in the case of diesel engine cars, the problems caused by smoke can adversely affect the performance and environmental pollution. Therefore, the system was developed to display the DPF collection amount on the system screen to prevent environmental pollution and to manage the vehicle efficiently.

• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.60-70
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• 2015

A front-end loader (FEL) mounted on an agricultural tractor is one of the most commonly used implements for farm work. However, when the tractor carries material using the bucket attached to the FEL on a sloping ground, the materials can spill or roll back over the operator due to the tilted body, thereby requiring the bucket surface to remain level at a constant value regardless of varying slopes. In this study, an active system for controlling the angle of the FEL bucket on a tractor based on the real-time measurement of ground slopes was developed to enable the bucket to constantly remain level. A FEL simulator operated based on an electro hydraulic proportional valve (EHPV) was constructed in the laboratory to develop a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller forming a virtual electronic control unit (ECU) on the computer, which could automatically adjust the bucket angles depending on varying input angles while sending SAE-J1939 associated messages via CAN BUS to the EHPV. The different parameter values for the PID controller due to the gravity effect of the bucket were determined using a manual PID tuning method while assuming that the tractor travels on either an ascending slope or a descending slope. The developed PID control-based self-leveling system showed a mean of steady-state errors of within $1^{\circ}$ and a mean of delayed times of ~ 0.8s when the step input of $+20^{\circ}$ was given, implying that the developed system and control algorithm would be effective in maintaining the bucket angle at a certain value. Future studies include the improvement of the control algorithm to reduce such a time delay as well as the application of the developed algorithm to the FEL mounted on a tractor tested at a testing ground.