• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.139-145
• /
• 1998

This report describes a rare, congenital hypertrophy of the left upper extremity that appeared after compressive bandage of right arm at the age of two. He is eighteen years old, and hypertrophy was aggravated for about 2 years since he started weight training exercise. Recently, skin turgor changed and he visited the Dermatology department. Skin biopsy revealed increased thickness of the dermis. On Orthopaedic examination, the left arm showed non­specific neuro-muscular changes other than easy fatigability a.nd increased skin consistency after exercise, compared to the right arm. The differences of circumference were 2.5 to 4cm according to the level of the upper limb. But the relative proportion of hypertrophy of the limb was balanced., On X-ray examination, bony changes were not shown. Through the MRI, we could find edematous changes of subcutaneous fatty tissue. Muscular structures showed unremarkable changes. Through the endurance test of both arms, we could find a decrease in endurance of the left upper arm musculatures. On histologic examination, infrequent focal necrosis and peri fascicular degeneration of the muscle fiber were present.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.59-71
• /
• 2012

프리폼 구조의 노드는 용접 및 볼트 접합 특성을 반영하는 것이 어려워 구조 성능을 해석적으로 평가하는 것에는 한계가 있다. 본 연구에서는 축하중을 받는 프리폼 구조 노드의 구조 거동을 알아보고 성능을 평가하기 위해 실험을 수행하였다. 실험은 노드 중심부의 성능을 알아보기 위한 노드 볼 실험과 노드부 전체의 내력 평가를 위한 노드부 실험으로 구분된다. 노드 볼 구조 성능 평가에서는 축력에 대한 단조가력과 반복가력 실험을 하였고 노드부 구조 성능 평가에서는 단조가력 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과 노드 접합부 설계가 적합하므로 실제 구조물에 인장 발생 시 노드 볼이 충분한 내력을 가지며 안전할 것으로 판단되나 압축 발생 시 노드 볼 형상의 비대칭에 따른 모멘트 발생으로 내력이 저하된 현상을 보였다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.435-442
• /
• 2012

최근 구조물의 고층화, 대형화 및 장스팬 활용 등의 요구로 고강도 고성능 재료의 건축물과 교량에의 적용이 증가하는 추세이다. 본 논문은 고성능강의 건축구조용 재료 특성과 고성능강재를 사용한 부재의 설계 기준을 위한 기본적인 연구의 일부이다. HSA800은 한국산업표준의 요건과 비교하였다. 용접 각형강관 기둥의 국부좌굴 거동과 현행 판폭두께비 설계 제한치를 검토 위하여 다양한 판폭두께비 변수를 계획하고, 단축압축실험을 실시하였다. 또한, 유한요소결과로 얻어낸 단주의 국부좌굴거동을 실험결과와 비교하였다.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.403-409
• /
• 2007

This study was carried out to recommend the systematic improving practice for the effective operation of septic tank, and the evaluation of its BOD and nutrient removal efficiency depending on process, the survey of characteristics of FRP material, and the suggestion of optimum septic tank model within sewage treatment area. The average BOD concentration and BOD removal efficiency of septic tank which was carried out the cleaning periodically in 63.9 mg/L and 77.8%, shows good quality better than the septic tank which was not carried out the cleaning regularly. Maximum load of tensile, flexural and compressive strength increased in proportion to its thickness, and the contents standard 25% of glass fiber required upgrade over than 30%. Configuration and performance for the optimum of the septic tank suggests that over $0.75m^3$ of the effective total volume, adding to over $0.25m^3$ a man for more than 5 men of the treated person, retention time should be within one day. Improving plans about facility and materials quality of the septic tank have an obligation that protective wall ought to install on the concrete bottom and side faces to prevent crumble or transform from loading of the ground or upper part of the structure on the tank setting. And it is eliminated the uneffective resisting pressure and it keeps off circulate imperfect products by strengthening of the test methods such as stretching strength, pressing strength, glass fiber contents and thickness.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
• /
• 제17권5호
• /
• pp.743-750
• /
• 2005

교량 교면에 적용되는 실리카퓸을 혼합한 고성능 콘크리트는 경제성이 향상된 교면 포장 방법이다. 실리카퓸 콘크리트는 기존의 LMC와 비교하여 경제성 향상으로 미국, 유럽, 캐나다 지역에서 비교적 짧은 기간에 널리 사용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 실리카퓸을 혼합한 고성능 콘크리트의 교면 포장에 대한 적용성을 알아보기 위하여 실내 실험을 실시하였다. 실내 실험은 물리, 역학적 및 내구성능을 평가하였는데 실험 결과 실리카퓸을 혼합한 고성능 콘크리트는 우수한 성능을 발휘하였다.

• 터널과지하공간
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.441-453
• /
• 2016

본 연구에서는 분진을 저감시킬 수 있고 균질한 품질을 확보하는 데 적합한 2성분 박층 뿜칠 라이너(TSL)를 개발하고 그 성능을 평가하였다. 2성분 TSL 시작품의 인장강도는 분말 1성분 TSL보다 다소 낮게 나타났으나, 높은 연성으로 인해 파괴 시의 신장률이 크게 측정되었다. 이외에도 EFNARC(2008)에서 제시하고 있는 성능기준들을 만족하였으며, 두께 3 mm로 피복한 코팅 압축시험 결과, 재령 28일의 평균 압축강도가 50% 이상 향상되는 것으로 확인되었다. 시험타설을 통해 본 연구에서 개발된 2성분 TSL 시작품에 적합한 타설장비를 도출하였으며, 실제 현장시공을 통해 2성분 TSL 타설 시의 분진과 리바운드가 극히 미미함을 확인하였다. 2성분 TSL의 타설속도는 $60m^2/hr$이었으며 일반적인 뿜칠 방수 멤브레인과 비교할 때 빠른 경화 특성을 나타내었다.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.32-43
• /
• 2014

Automatic fiber placement (AFP) has become a popular processing technique for composites in the aerospace industry, due to its ability to place prepregs or tapes precisely in the exact position when complex parts are being manufactured. This paper presents the design, analysis, and manufacture of an AFP mandrel for composite aircraft fuselage skin fabrication. According to the design requirements, an AFP mandrel was developed and a numerical study was performed through the finite element method. Linear static load analyses were performed considering the mandrel structure self-weight and a 2940 N load from the AFP machine head. Modal analysis was also performed to determine the mandrel's natural frequencies. These analyses confirmed that the proposed mandrel meets the design requirements. A prototype mandrel was then manufactured and used to fabricate a composite fuselage skin. Material load tests were conducted on the AFP fuselage skin curved laminates, equivalent flat AFP, and hand layup laminates. The flat AFP and hand layup laminates showed almost identical strength results in tension and compression. Compared to hand layup, the flat AFP laminate modulus was 5.2% higher in tension and 12.6% lower in compression. The AFP curved laminates had an ultimate compressive strength of 1.6% to 8.7% higher than flat laminates. The FEM simulation predicted strengths were 4% higher in tension and 11% higher in compression than the flat laminate test results.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.283-293
• /
• 2015

본 연구에서는 강섬유보강콘크리트의 부식저항성능을 규명하기 위한 촉진염소이온확산시험과 표면전기저항시험을 수행하였다. 또한 배합평가를 위한 기초시험으로서 굳지 않은 콘크리트 공기량, 일축압축강도, 굳은 콘크리트의 흡습시험을 수행하였다. 실험변수는 두 종류의 물-시멘트비(0.44, 0.50)와 세 개의 강섬유 혼입량(0.25%, 0.5%, 1%)으로 선정하였다. 주목할 것은 모든 타설시 콘크리트의 다짐량은 동일하게 하였다. 시험결과, 동일한 작업량으로 다짐이 되었을 때, 물-시멘트비에 상관없이 두배합 모두에서 강섬유 혼입률이 증가함에 따라 부식저항성능이 감소하는 것으로 확인되었다. 그러나, 동일한 강섬유 혼입비에 대하여 배합의 물-시멘트비가 낮은 콘크리트의 부식저항성능이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 강섬유보강콘크리트의 타설시 유동성의 확보와 충분한 다짐이 염소이온침투저항성능을 확보하기 위하여 매우 중요하다고 판단된다.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.215-231
• /
• 2020

In a reinforced concrete building different shapes of column are adopted depending on the structural orientation and the architectural aspect. When there is an increase in loading due to changes in usage or revision in the design codes these columns need to be strengthened for enhanced performance during their service life. Strengthening materials such as carbon fiber and glass fiber polymer has been successfully used however, due to high cost application other alternative materials need to be explore. Galvanized steel wire mesh (GSWM) is one of the suitable materials locally available. High tensile strength, low weight, corrosion resistance, easy installation, minimum change in dimensions of the sections and cost effectives are the advantages of GSWM. Therefore, in this paper, four different shapes of column such as circular, square, rectangular and L were wrapped with different layers GSWM and jacketed with mortar. All the specimens were tested under axial compression. The objective of the study is to investigate the effectiveness of GSWM as a confining material for strengthening of column having varying shape. Test results shows that the axial strength enhanced with wrapping of GSWM jacket and a circular column presented the highest load carrying capacity and ductility as compared to the others. From the study of 22 column specimens, it is found that axial load is increased upto 20% and 19% when circular and square column are strengthened with one wrap of GSWM respectively, while a rectangular and L column required a wraps of two and three layers respectively in order to achieved the same load capacity as that of a circular column. Based on the present study, it is concluded that GSWM can be effectively used for strengthening of different shapes of concrete columns economically.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.341-349
• /
• 2016

To improve the utilization rate of construction waste as mine backfilling materials, this paper investigated the feasibility of using recycled powder as mine paste backfilling cementitious material, and studied the pozzolanic activity of recycled construction waste powder. In this study, alkali-calcium-sulfur served as the activation principle and an orthogonal test plan was performed to analyze the impact of the early strength agent, quick lime, and gypsum on the pozzolanic activity of the recycled powder. Our results indicated that in descending order, early strength agent > quick lime > gypsum affected the strength of the backfilling paste with recycled powder as a cementitious material during early phases. The strength during late phases was affected by, in descending order, quick lime > gypsum > early strength agent. Using setting time and early compressive strength as an analysis index as well as an extreme difference analysis, it was found that the optimal ratio of recycled powder cementitious material for mine paste backfilling was recycled powder:quick lime:gypsum:early strength agent at 78%:10%:8%:4%. X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscope were used to show that the hydration products of recycled powder cementitious material at the initial stages were mainly CH and ettringite. As hydration time increased, more and more recycled powder was activated. It mainly became calcium silicate hydrate, calcium aluminate hydrate, etc. In summary, recycled powder exhibited potential pozzolanic activities. When activated, it could replace cementitious materials to be used in mine backfill.