• 펄프종이기술
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.52-57
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• 2007

Corrugated fiberboard is a representative packaging material because of high compressive strength and stiffness in spite of light weight. The flutes of corrugated fiberboard are various depending on the height and the number per unit length of flute. The corrugated fiberboard with microflute like E, F or G with low height less than 1.5 mm has developed. Because it has some advantages including higher stiffness and lower requirement of fiber than carton board, it has a possibility to replace folding box board. Its consumption has been increased with the various applications like graphic packaging. As microflute has the different geometry from other conventional flutes, it can show the different behavior in testing and it may require a new testing method. In this study, we evaluated the edgewise compressive strength of the corrugated fiberboard with microflute according to ISO and other standard test methods. And the effect of specimen shape and platen compression rate was examined. From this study, we found that ISO methods was suitable and reasonable methods for corrugated fiberboard with microflute.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.519-534
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• 2009

This study intends to examine the characteristics of compressive behavior and conducts comparative analysis between normal compressive strength under existing equations (LRFD, ACI 318, EC 4) and experimental the maximum compressive strength from the compression experiment for the unstiffened steel plate-concrete structures. The six specimens were made to evaluate the constraining factor (${\xi}$) and width ratio (${\beta}$) effects subjected to the compressive monotonic loading. Based on this experiments, the following conclusions could be made: first, compressive behaviors of the specimens from the finite element analysis closely agreed with the ones from the actual experiments; second, the higher the width ratio (${\beta}$) was, the lower the ductility index (DI) was; and third, the test results showed the maximum compressive strength with a margin by 7% compared to the existing codes.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.477-487
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• 2022

The shear stiffness of headed-stud shear connectors has no unified definition due to the nonlinear characteristics of its load-slip relationship. A unified framework was firstly adopted to develop a general expression of shear load-slip equation for headed-stud shear connectors varying in a large parameter range based on both force and energy balance. The pre- and post-yield shear stiffness were then determined through bilinear idealization of proposed shear load-slip equation. An updated and carefully selected push-out test database of 157 stud shear connectors, conducting on studs 13~30mm in diameter and on concretes 30~180 MPa in cubic compressive strength, was used for model regression and sensitivity analysis of shear stiffness. An empirical calculation model was also established for the stud shear stiffness. Compared with the previous models through statistical analysis, the proposed model demonstrates a better performance to predict the shear load-slip response and stiffness of the stud shear connectors.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1999년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.471-477
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• 1999

A new stress, load and displacement controlled direct shear apparatus has recently been developed at the Hyundai Institute of Construction Technology This direct shear apparatus is capable of testing of rock joint under constant normal stiffness, constant normal stress or constant normal load boundary conditions. This paper describes this direct shear apparatus and illustrates results of shear tests at constant normal stress condition, constant normal load condition and constant normal stiffness condition with dental stones which have a same joint roughness and unconfined compressive strength.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1993년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.278-283
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• 1993

Though stiffnesses of joints in precast concrete (P.C) large structures are known to be generally less than those in monolithic reinforced concrete wall structures, designers have very little information on the quantitative values with regards to these stiffnesses. The aim of this paper is to provide this quantitative information, in particular, on the compressive stiffness of horizontal joints, based on the analytical results derived from several experiments. Also, it is shown that the approach from the contact problem to determine this stiffness gives a value very similar to those obtained above.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제12권2호통권45호
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• pp.187-196
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• 2000

본 연구의 목적은 비등방성 원통형 쉘이 원통길이방향으로 압축하중을 받는 경우 면외방향 거동의 안정성에 대한 해석이다. 복합재료로 이루어진 비등방성 원통형 쉘의 안정성 해석은 해석적인 방법으로는 해를 얻을 수 없으므로 수치해석 기법중의 하나인 유한차분법을 사용하였다. 원통형 쉘은 기하학적 특성상 원통길이방향의 압축하중을 원주 방향의 면내거동으로 저항하는 구조형식이므로 원주방향 강성변화에 중점을 두고 연구를 수행하였다. 또한 비등방성 원통형 쉘이 원통길이방향으로 압축하중을 받는 경우에 발생하는 거동에 대한 예측이 힘들기 때문에 화이버 보강각도 변화, 곡률변화, 중심각 변화, 형상비 변화에 따른 안정성 문제를 연구하였다. 본 연구의 결과에 의하면 원통길이방향으로 압축하중을 받는 비등방성 원통형 쉘은 원주방향 강성에 의하여 안정성에 큰 변화가 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러므로 압축하중을 받는 비등방성 원통형 쉘은 원주방향에 대하여 보강하는 것이 쉘 구조의 안정성을 높일 수 있을 것으로 예측된다.

• Composites Research
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 공간적으로 보강된 복합재(SRC)의 강도를 예측하였다. 각 방향의 라드(rod)와 라드의 체적에 비례하는 기지의 강성으로 표현되는 구조요소(structural element)를 정의하고, 이 구조요소에 파손판단식을 적용하여 SRC의 강도를 예측하였다. 라드의 파손판단식의 경우는 최대파손변형률을, 기지의 경우는 수정된 Tsai-Wu 파손판단식을 각기 적용하였다. 또한 SRC의 강도를 예측하기 위해서 라드와 SRC의 물성치를 측정하였다. 측정된 물성치는 라드의 인장 파손변형률, 3D SRC의 압축 파손변형률, $45^{\cir}$ 회전된 방향에서의 인장 및 압축 강도와 전단강도들이다. 3D/4D SRC의 강도분포는 각 SRC의 라드방향에서 크게 나타나고 라드에서 벗어날수록 작은 강도 값을 보였다. 강도의 전체분포를 보다 빠르게 계산하기 위해서 하중증분을 유동적으로 사용하였고, 하중이력을 구할 때는 균일한 하중이력을 사용하였다. 3D SRC의 라드방향 압축실험결과 해석의 비교에서 초기 기울기는 서로 잘 일치하였고, 강도값은 18% 정도의 차이를 보였다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2001년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.833-838
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• 2001

The objectives of this study are to investigate effective stiffness of circular reinforced bridge columns and to provide reasonable effective stiffness equations for seismic design to the current Korean Bridge Design Standard. The material nonlinear analysis was conducted for 5184 columns of which variables were the concrete compressive stress, the steel yielding stress, the longitudinal steel location parameter, the longitudinal steel ratio, the axial load level, and the diameter of section. The current Korean Bridge Design Standard generally used the gross section stiffness because of unclear provision, it may be non-conservative because of being evaluated greater design seismic force and less design displacement than those of the abroad provision. Therefore, the proposed effective stiffness equations include three variables such as : the longitudinal steel location parameter, the longitudinal steel ratio, and the axial load ratio. Two equations of effective stiffness are proposed which may be used for earthquake force estimation and for earthquake displacement estimation, respectively.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.187-196
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• 2020

Double skin composite wall system owns several structural merits in terms of high load-carrying capacity, large axial stiffness, and favorable ductility. A recently proposed form of truss connector was used to bond the steel plates to the concrete core to achieve good composite action. The structural behavior of rectangular high walls under compression and T-shaped high walls under eccentric compression has been investigated by the authors. Furthermore, the influences of the truss spacings, the wall width, and the faceplate thickness have been previously studied by the authors on short walls under uniform compression. This paper experimentally investigated the effect of width-to-thickness ratio on the compressive behavior of short walls. Compressive tests were conducted on three short specimens with different width-to-thickness ratios. Based on the test results, it is found that the composite wall shows high compressive resistance and good ductility. The walls fail by local buckling of steel plates and crushing of concrete core. It is also observed that width-to-thickness ratio has great influence on the compressive resistance, initial stiffness, and strain distribution across the section. Finally, the test results are compared with the predictions by modern codes.

• Composites Research
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.331-337
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• 2017

복합재 격자 구조물은 무게가 가볍고 비강성, 비강도가 높다는 장점이 있으며 주로 압축 하중이 작용하는 발사체구조에 적용된다. 그러나 필라멘트 와인딩 기법으로 제작되므로 섬유가 겹쳐지는 부분에서 기공과 결함이 발생하게 된다. 설계 하중 도출을 위한 해석 모델 검증을 위해 구조물의 강성, 강도 확인이 필요하지만 Full scale 시험의 경우 시간, 공간상의 제약이 따르며 구조물의 형상이 복잡하므로 시험에 어려움이 많다. 따라서 강성 확인을 위한 Subelement 단위의 시험법이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 복합재 격자 구조물을 단위격자구조로 가공하였으며 각각 압축, 굽힘 시험을 수행하여 나선 리브, 원주 리브의 강성을 확인하였다. 휘임, 비틀림 형상을 가진 원통형 복합재 격자 구조물의 강성 평가를 위한 압축, 굽힘 시험법을 제안하였으며 유한요소해석을 수행하여 시험결과와 비교하였다.