• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.81-85
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• 2015

Acute sprain of the ankle requires comprehensive history taking and physical examination in diagnosing the type of severity and deciding on the plan of treatment. Literature supports functional treatment as the treatment of choice for grade I and II injuries. During the acute phase, the goal of treatment focuses on controlling pain and swelling. PRICE (protection, rest, ice, compression, and elevation) is a well-established protocol at this phase. There is some evidence that application of ice and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs improves healing and speeds recovery. Then the functional treatment (motion restoration and strengthening exercises) is administered to progress the rehabilitation appropriately in order to facilitate healing and restore the mechanical strength and proprioception. Early mobilization has been shown to result in more rapid return to work and daily activities than immobilization. Grade III injuries still generate controversy in terms of the best management available, and more studies on early mobilization, cast immobilization, or surgery are needed. Even the Cochrane reviews published to date are not conclusive.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.624-631
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• 2012

For many medical imaging systems, volume datasets are stored as a compressed form, so that the dataset has to be decompressed before it is visualized. Since the decompression process takes quite a long time, we present an acceleration method for medical volume decompression using GPU. Our method supports that both lossy and lossless compression and progressive refinement is possible to satisfy variable user requirements. Moreover, our decompression method is well parallelized for GPU so that the decompression takes a very short time. Finally, we designed that the decompression and volume rendering work in one framework so that the selective decompression is available. As a result, we gained additional improvement in volume decompression.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.250-255
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• 2008

Springs are widely utilized in machine element. To find out stiffness of frustum-shaped coil spring, the space beam theory using the finite element method is adopted in this paper. In three dimensional space, a space frame element is a straight bar of uniform cross section which is capable of resisting axial forces, bending moments about two principal axes in the plane of its cross section and twisting moment about its centroidal axis. The corresponding displacement degrees of freedom are twelve. To find out load vector of coil spring subjected to distributed compression. principle of virtual work is adapted. And this theory was programming using MATLAB software. To compare FEM using MATLAB software was applied MSC. Nastran software. The geometry model for MSC. Patran was produced by 3-D design modeling software. Finite element model was produced by MSC. Patran. Finite element was applied tetra (CTETRA) having 10 node. The analysis results of the MATLAB and MSC. Nastran are fairly well agreed with those of various experiments. Using MATLAB program proposed in this paper and MSC. Nastran, spring constants and stresses can be predicted by input of few factors.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.869-874
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• 2002

Hermetic rotary compressor is one of the most important components for air conditioning system since it has a great effect on both the performance and the noise and vibration of the system. Noise and vibration of rotary compressor is occurred due to gas pulsation during compression process and unbalanced dynamic force. In order to reduce noise and vibration, It is necessary to identify sources of noise and vibration and effectively control them. Many approaches have been tried to identify noise sources of compressor. However, compressor noise source identification has proven to be difficult since the characteristics of compressor noise are complicated due to the interaction of the compressor parts and gas pulsation. In this work, Statistical Energy Analysis has been used to trace the energy flow in the compressor and identify transmission paths from the noise source to the sound field.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.38 no.4 s.117
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• pp.68-75
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• 2006

Electromagnetic shielding sheet using the carbon and wood fiber mixture was manufactured in an effort to develop an electromagnetic shielding packaging material. Carbon fibers were cut into 5, 10, and 15 mm using the automatic cutting device and blown and dispersed using compression air passed through the fine nozzle. Then carbon fibers were slurried with water (0.1% consistency), and softwood kraft pulp along with cone starch were added. The wet mats were manufactured by dewatering in modified hand-sheet machine. The wet mats were pressed upto $4kgf/cm^2$ in the carbon and wood fiber mixture mat press. The wet mats were dried in the automatic controlled plate dryer. Investigation on the formation and surface structure of the newly developed carbon and wood fiber mixture electromagnetic shielding sheet were carried out using the scanning electron microscopy and the image analyzer. Finally electromagnetic shielding characteristics of the newly developed carbon and wood mixture sheet were measured using net-work analyser. The result was promising in the light of the fact that this method could open a new way to substitute the expensive imported electromagnetic shielding sheet.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.183-192
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• 2014

In this work, the mixture formation and atomization characteristics of biodiesel fuel were reviewed under various test conditions for the optimization of compression-ignition engine fueled with biodiesel. To achieve these, the effect of nozzle caviting flow, group-hole nozzle geometry and injection strategies on the injection rate, spray evolution and atomization characteristics of biodiesel were studied by using spray characteristics measuring system. At the same time, the fuel heating system was installed to obtain the effect of fuel temperature on the biodiesel fuel atomization. It was revealed that cavitation in the nozzle orifice promoted the atomization performance of biodiesel. The group-hole nozzle geometry and split injection strategies couldn't improve it, however, the different orifice angles which were diverged and converged angle of a group-hole nozzle enhanced the biodiesel atomization. It was also observed that the increase of fuel temperature induced the quick evaporation of biodiesel fuel droplet.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.43-49
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• 2013

This work investigated the effects of engine speed and injection timing on combustion and emissions characteristics in a partially premixed charge compression ignition (pPCCI) engine fueled with DME. pPCCI engine especially has potential to achieve more homogeneous mixture in the cylinder, which results in lower NOx and smoke emission. In this study single cylinder engine was equipped with common rail and injection pressure is 700 bar. Total injected fuel mass is 64.5 $mm^3$ per cycle. The amount of pilot injection of the entire injection 12.5% is tested. Results show that NOx emission is decreased while IMEP is increased as the retard of injection timing. Besides, NOx emissions are slightly rised as well as IMEP is increased with the increase of engine speed.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.29-48
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• 2015

The main purpose of this work is to compare different criteria for the seismic strengthening of RC framed buildings in order to find the optimal combinations of these retrofitting techniques. To this end, a numerical investigation is carried out with reference to the town hall of Spilinga (Italy), an RC framed structure with an L-shaped plan built at the beginning of the 1960s. Five structures are considered, derived from the first by incorporating: carbon fibre reinforced polymer (FRP)-wrapping of all columns; base-isolation, with high-damping-laminated-rubber bearings (HDLRBs); added damping, with hysteretic damped braces (HYDBs); FRP-wrapping of the first storey columns combined with base-isolation or added damping. A three-dimensional fibre model of the primary and retrofitted structures is considered; bilinear and trilinear laws idealize, respectively, the behaviour of the HYDB, providing that the buckling be prevented, and the FRP-wrapping, without resistance in compression, while the response of the HDLRB is simulated by using a viscoelastic linear model. The effectiveness of the retrofitting solutions is tested with nonlinear dynamic analyses based on biaxial accelerograms, whose response spectra match those in the Italian seismic code.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.563-581
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• 2011

Many novel materials, developed in recent years, have obvious properties with different modulus of elasticity in tension and compression. The ratio of their tensile modulus to compressive modulus is as high as five times. Nowadays, it has become a new trend to study the mechanical properties of these bimodular materials. At the present stage, there are extensive studies related to the strength analysis of bimodular structures, but the investigation of the buckling stability problem of bimodular rods seems to cover new ground. In this article, a semi-analytical method is proposed to acquire the buckling critical load of bimodular slender rod. By introducing non-dimensional parameters, the position of neutral axis of the bimodular rod in the critical state can be determined. Then by combining the phased integration method, the deflection differential equation of bimodular pin-ended slender rod is deduced. In addition, the buckling critical load is obtained by solving this equation. An example, which is conducted by comparing the calculation results between the three of the methods including the laboratory tests, numerical simulation method and the method we developed here, shows that the method proposed in the present work is reliable to use. Furthermore, the influence of bimodular characteristics on the stability is discussed and analyzed.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.193-209
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• 2014

Cyclic test of the columns is of practical relevance to the performance of compression members during an earthquake loading. The strength, ductility and energy absorption capabilities of reinforced concrete (RC) columns subjected to cyclic loading have been estimated by many researchers. These characteristics are not normally inherent in plain concrete but can be achieved by effectively confining columns through transverse reinforcement. An extensive experimental program, in which performance of four RC columns detailed according to provisions of ACI-318-08 was studied in contrast with that of four columns confined by a new proposed technique. This paper presents performance of columns reinforced by standard detailing and cast with 25 and 32 MPa concrete. The experimentally achieved load-displacement hysteresis and backbone curves of two columns are presented. The two approaches which work in conjunction with Response 2000 have been suggested to draw analytical back bone curves of RC columns. The experimental and analytical backbone curves are found in good agreement. This investigation gives a detail insight of the response of RC columns subjected to cyclic loads during their service life. The suggested analytical procedures will be available to the engineers involved in design to appraise the capacity of RC columns.