• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.120-132
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• 2018

Purpose: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis designed to investigate effects of alcohol management programs for Korean university students. Methods: Research results published until October 14, 2016 were systematically collected in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis). A total of 12 papers were selected for the meta-analysis. To estimate the effect size, meta-analysis of the studies was performed with the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 3.0. Results: The mean effect size of 12 studies in total (Hedges' g=-0.36; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: -0.76~0.05) was not significant statistically. In a study of college students classified as problematic drinking (total of 9), the drinking program showed a median effect size of Hedges' g=-0.57(95% CI: -0.96~-0.18). Results of the drinking-related outcome variables showed a significant effect size (Hedges' g=-0.61; 95% CI: -1.10~-0.13), but psychosocial related outcome variables were not significant (Hedges' g=-0.50; 95% CI: -1.24~0.23). Conclusion: It can be seen that the alcohol management program for college students has a significant effect on controlling the problem drinking of college students. In addition, application of a differentiated drinking program with problem drinkers selected as a risk group will be effective in controlling drinking and drinking related factors.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of depression and related to the factors among the rural people. The questionnaire survey using the Center for Epidemiology Studies-Depression Scale(CES-D) was conducted in the rural people. The subjects were 226 individuals, living in the rural area. The results of this study were as follows. In this study, the prevalence of depression was 15.0% in all and 18.3% in the elderly. The prevalence rate was higher in non educational, widowhood, higher income group. The prevalence rate was lower in the group of having good health status, having no chronic disease, low stress level. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, significant predictors of the depression were stress level whereas there was no relation with other factors. Based on the above findings, this study suggests that these risk factors of depression should be taken into consideration for the comprehensive mental health programs for the people living in the rural area.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.152-160
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• 2016

Purpose: Endoscopic diagnosis of gastric cancer (GC) that emerges after eradication of Helicobacter pylori may be affected by unique morphological changes. Using comprehensive endoscopic imaging, which can reveal biological alterations in gastric mucosa after eradication, previous studies demonstrated that Congo red chromoendoscopy (CRE) might clearly show an acid non-secretory area (ANA) with malignant potential, while autofluorescence imaging (AFI) without drug injection or dyeing may achieve early detection or prediction of GC. We aimed to determine whether AFI might be an alternative to CRE for identification of high-risk areas of gastric carcinogenesis after eradication. Materials and Methods: We included 27 sequential patients with metachronous GC detected during endoscopic surveillance for a mean of 82.8 months after curative endoscopic resection for primary GC and eradication. After their H. pylori infection status was evaluated by clinical interviews and $^{13}C$-urea breath tests, the consistency in the extension of corpus atrophy (e.g., open-type or closed-type atrophy) between AFI and CRE was investigated as a primary endpoint. Results: Inconsistencies in atrophic extension between AFI and CRE were observed in 6 of 27 patients, although CRE revealed all GC cases in the ANA. Interobserver and intraobserver agreements in the evaluation of atrophic extension by AFI were significantly less than those for CRE. Conclusions: We demonstrated that AFI findings might be less reliable for the evaluation of gastric mucosa with malignant potential after eradication than CRE findings. Therefore, special attention should be paid when we clinically evaluate AFI findings of background gastric mucosa after eradication (University Hospital Medical Information Network Center registration number: UMIN000020849).

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of non-pharmacologic interventions for chronic nonspecific low back pain (CLBP) in adults aged 18-64 years. Methods: We searched for potentially relevant randomized controlled trials and non-randomized controlled trials through five Korean electronic databases (i.e., Korean Studies Information Service System, Research Information Sharing Service, Korean Medical Database, KoreaMed, and National Assembly Library) published from January 2010 to May 2019. Two investigators independently selected the studies based on the criteria and assessed risk of bias in the included studies. We estimated the effect size of interventions using Comprehensive Meta Analysis 3.3. Results: Of 10,151 studies, 26 studies met the inclusion criteria and 15 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Exercise reduced low back pain (Hedges's g=-1.53, 95% CI: -2.22 to -0.85) and pain-related disabilities (Hedges's g=-0.92, 95% CI: -1.40 to -0.45). We found that taping was effective in decreasing low back pain (Hedges's g=-1.12, 95% CI: -1.51 to -0.73) and pain-related disabilities (Hedges's g=-0.50, 95% CI: -0.93 to -0.07). Manual therapy yielded a marginally significant reduction in low back pain (Hedges's g=-2.32, 95% CI: -4.64 to 0.00), the therapy was not effective in decreasing pain-related disabilities. Conclusion: Although there was little evidence for the effectiveness of manual therapy in adults with CLBP, exercise and taping were effective to relieve pain and pain-related disabilities. Based on these findings, we suggest the development of non-pharmacologic interventions or a nursing intervention protocol for the CLBP management. Also, nurses should consider implementation of effective non-pharmacologic interventions for CLBP.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2015

Suicide, the fourth leading cause of death in Korea, is a serious national problem. The Korea National Suicide Survey (KNSS) is the result of the first legislation to address this issue, "Article 11 of THE ACT FOR THE PREVENTION OF SUICIDE AND THE CREATION OF A CULTURE OF RESPECT FOR LIFE" (the "Act for the Prevention of Suicide"). To overcome the limitations of previous studies, the KNSS was designed by collaborators from a variety of fields : psychology, epidemiology, social welfare, and psychiatry. The KNSS was composed of four substudies that addressed the multifaceted process involved in suicide-related behavior over time, exploring general attitudes toward suicide and suicidal ideation, suicide planning, suicide attempts, and completed suicides. Study 1 examined the risk factors for suicide based on data regarding completed suicides ; Study 2 adopted the approach of a psychological autopsy ; Study 3 focused on suicide attempters ; and Study 4 explored attitudes toward suicide in the general population. The KNSS was designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of suicide from a longitudinal, multifaceted perspective to serve as a basis for policies aimed at suicide prevention.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1105-1109
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• 2012

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women in India and the disease burden is increasing annually. The lack of awareness initiatives, structured screening, and affordable treatment facilities continue to result in poor survival. We present a breast cancer survival scenario, in urban population in India, where standardised care is distributed equitably and free of charge through an employees' healthcare scheme. We studied 99 patients who were treated at our hospital during the period 2005 to 2010 and our follow-up rates were 95.95%. Patients received evidence-based standardised care in line with the tertiary cancer centre in Mumbai. One-, three- and five-year survival rates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier method. Socio-demographic, reproductive and tumor factors, relevant to survival, were analysed. Mortality hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using Cox proportional hazard method. Survival in this series was compared to that in registries across India and discrepancies were discussed. Patients mean age was 56 years, mean tumor size was 3.2 cms, 85% of the tumors belonged to T1 and T2 stages, and 45% of the patients belonged to the composite stages I and IIA. Overall 5-year survival was 74.9%. Patients who presented with large-sized tumors (HR 3.06; 95% CI 0.4-9.0), higher composite stage (HR 1.91; 0.55-6.58) and undergone mastectomy (HR 2.94; 0.63-13.62) had a higher risk of mortality than women who had higher levels of education (HR 0.25; 0.05-1.16), although none of these results reached the significant statistical level. We observed 25% better survival compared to other Indian populations. Our results are comparable to those from the European Union and North America, owing to early presentation, equitable access to standardised free healthcare and complete follow-up ensured under the scheme. This emphasises that equitable and affordable delivery of standardised healthcare can translate into early presentation and better survival in India.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.75-87
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to utilize the system dynamics to carry out a medium and long-term forecasting analysis of the bunker price. In order to secure accurate bunker price forecast, a quantitative analysis was established based on the casual loop diagram between various variables that affects bunker price. Based on various configuration variables such as crude oil price which affects crude oil consumption & production, GDP and exchange rate which influences economic changes and freight rate which is decided by supply and demand in shipping and logistic market were used in accordance with System Dynamics to forecast bunker price and then objectivity was verified through MAPEs. Based on the result of this study, bunker price is expected to rise until 2029 compared to 2016 but it will not be near the surge sighted in 2012. This study holds value in two ways. First, it supports shipping companies to efficiently manage its fleet, offering comprehensive bunker price risk management by presenting structural relationship between various variables affecting bunker price. Second, rational result derived from bunker price forecast by utilizing dynamic casual loop between various variables.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.77-88
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• 2010

Ginseng has been reported to reduce the risk of cancer in diverse organs, including the lip, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, lung, liver, pancreas, ovary, colon, rectum, and stomach, as demonstrated in clinical and epidemiological studies. studies, base on which findings, Panax ginseng has been classified as a "non-organ-specific cancer preventive." However, the recent keen interest in traditional medicinal herbs has been frequently questioned, about exact mode of action and the use of panaceic compounds has been a prime issue discussed in terms of complementary and alternative medicine. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have shown the mitigating effects of Korean red ginseng on Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-associated atrophic changes and carcinogenesis; However, evidence-based medicine, consisting of large-scale or well designed clinical studies, is still warranted whether Korean red ginseng is to be recognized as an essential therapeutic strategy regarding a "H. pylori-associated gastric cancer preventive." Specifically, comprehensive clinical trials of Korean red ginseng are needed to demonstrate that mucosal regeneration in patients with atrophic gastritis is feasible using Korean red ginseng supplements after the eradication of H. pylori infection. Ginseng is a good example of a natural herb and its ubiquitous properties may include the reduction or delay of inflammation carcinogenesis. Korean red ginseng contains ample amounts of active ginsenosides and we have demonstrated their effects in in vitro and in vivo studies with positive outcomes. In this review, the quantitative and qualitative benefits of Korean red ginseng in the treatment of H. pylori infection are described.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.325-334
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• 2016

Both 1900 years of historic literature and recent instrumental seismic records indicate the Korean Peninsula has repeatedly experienced small and large earthquakes. This study has used historical and instrumental records of Korea to investigate the characteristics of earthquakes in the peninsula. Results of GIS spatial analyses indicate Pyongyang, the capital of North Korea, is more vulnerable to the earthquake hazard than that of other regions in the Korean Peninsula. It is also noted that Pyongyang is exposed to high risks of other natural and social disasters because of the high population density and concentrated infra structures. Scenario shake map drawn up assuming a magnitude 6.7 earthquake, which was experienced in A.D. 502 in the area, indicates that 51.1% of the city are exposed to PGA 0.24 g or higher. Recent statistics by the Statistics Korea also indicates the North Korea is far more vulnerable to disasters than those in the South Korea. Results of the preliminary study provide essential information for comprehensive understanding of earthquake hazard estimation in Korea including the North Korea.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.120-133
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• 2018

Purpose: A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate effectiveness of education programs using video recording and feedback in the improvement of competency in clinical skills for health care majors. Methods: Six databases were searched and inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or non-randomized controlled trials (NRTs) reporting level of skill competency using numerical measurements. Data analysis and synthesis were performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software and Revman program. Results: Of 1,568 records, 11 studies met inclusion criteria. Statistically significant effectiveness of education programs using video recording and feedback was identified. A low risk of bias was detected among both RCTs and NRTs. Meta-analysis showed that the intervention groups had more effective improvements in skill competency (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.33~1.16). Results of subgroup analysis showed higher effects when interventions dealt with one skill, used self-reflection with expert feedback, and included instruction from instructor in the education programs. Conclusion: Findings suggest that schools for health care majors should actively adopt video and feedback based skill training allowing educators to design effective programs. Potential is higher for students to achieve higher competency when they train with one skill at a time, use of instruction and receive feedback from experts.