• 공업화학
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2009

본 연구는 현재 크게 문제가 되고 있는 하수슬러지를 처리하고 흡착제로 재활용하기 위해 탄화와 수증기 활성화를 동시에 진행시켜 하수슬러지 흡착제를 제조하고 흡착특성을 파악하였다. 양질의 흡착제를 제조하기 위해 변수별 연구를 진행하였고, 그 결과 최적 탄화 수증기활성화 조건은 유입 탄화활성화 온도 $840^{\circ}C$, 수증기량 70 g/min, 탄화활성화 시간 30 min, 건조슬러지 주입량 10.8 kg/d로 결정되었다. 이때 요오드 흡착능은 328.1 mg/g으로 나타났다. nanoPOROSITY, FE-SEM, EDS를 이용하여 각각의 세공 발달과 구조, 원소성분 및 함량을 확인하였다. 이를 통해 하수슬러지 흡착제의 경우 매립장 침출수 흡착제, VOCs 처리용 흡착제 등의 사용이 가능함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.337-342
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• 2004

A non-ionic surfactant, Tween 80 has been known to exert a number of positive effects on degradative enzymes in in vitro aerobic and anaerobic microbial cultures. An experiment was conducted to examine effects of supplementation of Tween 80 on ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestibility of Hanwoo steers. The experiment was designed as a $3{\times}3$ Latin square with duplication and six Hanwoo steers with rumen cannulae, average weight 497 (SE 61.1) kg. For the experiment the animals were given a basal diet consisting of rice straw and compound feed mixed at 4:6 ratio. The three experimental treatments were (1) the basal diet, supplemented with (2) 5 g/d Tween 80 and (3) 10 g/d Tween 80. Ruminal pH was significantly (p<0.05) affected by Tween 80 supplementation at 6 h after feeding. Increasing supplementation levels of Tween 80 linearly increased the total VFA concentration. CMCase activity by the 10g/d supplementation of Tween 80 were significantly increased (p<0.05) by 24.4% compared with that of control. Digestibility of crude fiber was significantly increased (p<0.05) in Hanwoo steers fed the diet supplemented with 10 g/d Tween 80 compared with those of control, whilst digestibility of ether extract (EE) was linearly increased by increasing Tween 80 supplementation level (p<0.05). In other nutrient components, their digestibilities of Hanwoo fed diets supplemented with Tween 80 tended to increase. It is concluded that Tween 80 has a potential for industrial application as a feed additive to improve ruminant production.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.81-87
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• 1979

미원액비(味元液肥)를 포함(包含)한 유기질복비(有機質複肥)와 입자(粒子)의 크기가 다른 N-K복비(複肥)의 비효의 지속성(持續性)을 검토(檢討)하기 위하여 벼 농백(農白)을 가지고 1a/20000 폿트에 시험을 하였다. 이 시험에서는 기비(基肥)에 이들 비료(肥料)를 시용(施用) 하고 이앙(移秧) 약(約) 1 개월후(個月後)인 7월(月) 7일(日)에 기비(基肥)에 시용(施用)한 것과 같은 양(量)의 질소(窒素)를 요소(尿素)로 추시(追施)했는데 얻어진 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 비효의 지속성(持續性)은 미원액비(味元液肥)> 유기질(有機質) 복비(複肥)(미원주식증사제품(味元株式曾社製品)) > NK복비대립(複肥大粒)(10메시 이상(以上))> NK 복비소립(複肥小粒)(9~20메시)> 단비(單肥)(요소(尿素))의 순서(順序)로 적어졌다. 유기물(有機物)이 미생물(微生物)의 영양원(營養源)이 되어 유효 식물영양분(植物營養分)은 일시고정(一時固定)하고 표면적(表面積)의 감소(減少)로 용해(溶解)가 완만(緩晩)해졌기 때문으로 생각된다. 2. 이 폿트시험에서는 비효의 지속성(持續性)이 큰 비료구(肥料區)에서 주당(株當) 수수(穗數)가 많아진 반면(反面) 수당입수(穗當粒數)가 적어졌고 임실율(稔實率)이 낮아져서 정조수량(正租收量)은 오히려 낮아졌다. 또 짚이 흡수(吸收)한 질소(窒素)의 정조(正租) 생산효율도 전자(前者)에서 낮았다. 이런 역효과는 조생종(早生種)이 재배(栽培)되었고 또 요소(尿素) 추비(追肥)가 분얼(分蘖) 최성기(最盛期)에 실시(實施)되었기 때문으로 생각된다. 3. 초기생육(初期生育)을 좀 억제(抑制)하고 후기생육(後期生育)을 양호(良好)히 해야 한다는 우리나라 일반(一般)벼 농사(農事)(다비다수확재배(多肥多收穫栽培)) 에서는 지효성비료의 개발(開發)이 필요(必要)하며 유기물(有機物)을 포함(包含)하거나 입자(粒子)를 크게 한 단비(單肥)나 복비(複肥)는 이런 목적(目的)에 쓸 수 있는 지효성비료로 간주된다. 4. 농백품종(農白品種)에서는 벼알의 질소함량(窒素含量)이 0.64~5%를 훨씬 넘어서 0.68% 또는 그 이상(以上)이 되면 임실률(稔實率), 천립중등(千粒重等)을 낮추어서 현저(顯著)한 감수(減收)를 가져오는 것으로 생각한다.

• 공업화학
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.296-300
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• 2009

$RuO_2/Ti$를 양전극으로 사용한 무격막 전해셀(un-divided electrochemical cell) 시스템에서의 이산화염소수($ClO_2$) 제조 연구를 수행하였다. 이산화염소의 전구체로는 아염소산나트륨($NaClO_2$)이 사용되었으며, 무격막 전해셀에서 전구체 용액의 전해셀 주입유량, 전구체 용액 초기 pH, 아염소산나트륨과 전해질인 염화나트륨의 주입농도 그리고 전류밀도(current density)가 생성된 이산화염소수의 농도 및 pH에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 생성된 이산화염소수의 농도와 pH는 초기 전구체 용액의 pH와 전해셀 주입유량에 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났으며, 전해질로 사용된 염화나트륨은 전해질로서의 역할 뿐만 아니라 이산화염소의 전구체로도 작용함을 알 수 있었다. 이산화염소수 제조를 위한 무격막 전해셀에서의 전구체용액의 최적 주입유량은 90 mL/min, 전구체 용액의 초기 pH는 2.3, 아염소산나트륨 주입농도는 4.7 mM, 염화나트륨 주입농도는 100 mM 그리고 전류밀도는 $5A/dm^2$로 나타났으며, 이때 발생된 이산화염소수의 pH는 약 3, 이산화염소 농도는 약 350 mg/L이었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1593-1598
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• 2003

Nutritional evaluation of some agro-industrial byproducts available in Samoa [dry brewers' grains (DBG), cocoa shell (CS), cocoa dust (CD) and desiccated coconut waste meal (DCWM)] available in Samoa was carried out using both the in vivo and in vitro techniques. In the in vivo study 24 Anglo-nubian goats were offered by-products with other feed ingredients to compound four different diets. The goats were randomly allocated to 4 diets on the basis of liveweight (18.7-0.3kg). The ADF content of the byproducts followed a similar trend to NDF. The byproducts have a high content of organic matter (91.0-95.4%). Gross energy (GE) content was higher in DCWM (25.1 MJ/kg DM), closely followed by CD (23.2 MJ/kg DM). Concentrate intake was significantly different (p<0.05) among the goats. Average daily live weight gains were 105, 92, 88 and 97 g/goat/day for DBG, CS, CD and DCWM, respectively. Daily live weight gains were higher (p<0.05) in the goats that received DBG, while the least gain was obtained in the goats that received CS byproduct diet. DM digestibility was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the goats on DBG diet than in the other goats. The least DM digestibility was obtained in the goats that received CD diet (p>0.05). CP digestibility followed a similar pattern to DM digestibility. The digestibility of NDF and ADF was influenced by the nature of the diets. The digestibility of OM and GE were best (p<0.05) in the goats that received DBG, DCWM and CS byproduct diets than in CD. Significant differences (p<0.05) among the byproducts were recorded for net gas production. Potential gas production (a+b) ranged from 7.064 to 42.17 ml. Organic matter digested (OMD) from gas production value at 24 h was higher in DBG (47.6 g/kg DM) and this was followed by DCWM (42.5 g/kg DM). The least OMD was obtained in CD (17.9 g/kg DM). A significant difference (p<0.05) in DM disappearance after 4, 8, 16, 24, 48 and 72 h was recorded. The potential and effective degradability varied significantly (p<0.05) from 85.95-99.6 g/kg DM and from 39.9-65.8%, respectively. The digestibility of the byproducts in both the in vivo and in in vitro techniques demonstrated that they are potential source of feed ingredients for ruminant livestock in Samoa and possibly in the other small Pacific Island countries. On the basis of their potential degradability the byproducts could be ranked in the following order:DCWM>DBG>CD>CS. In conclusion, the results obtained suggest that all the byproducts can contribute to ruminant livestock diets without adverse effects on feed intake, growth rate and apparent nutrient digestibility coefficients.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.523-530
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• 2017

Objective: Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects on growth performance, digestibility, and blood metabolites of lambs during pre- and post-weaning period of inclusion of a commercial probiotic (PRO) containing a mixture of two strains of Pediococcus, Pediococcus acidilactici ($1{\times}10^6$ colony-forming unit [cfu]/g) and Pediococcus pentosaceus ($1.3{\times}10^6cfu/g$), with dextrose as the carrier compound compared to a diet based on concentrate mixture and wheat straw. Methods: In exp. 1, 24 male lambs of about $15{\pm}2.6$ d age and initial body weight (BW) of $5.52{\pm}0.6kg$ were randomly allocated into three groups. One group received control diet without additives, and remainders received control diet supplemented with 0.5 or 1 g PRO/lamb/d. Daily feed intake and biweekly BW were recorded. In exp. 2, five lambs, (initial $BW=29.72{\pm}1.15kg$, $age=6.54{\pm}0.32mo$) were used as experimental animals in a digestion trial. They were fed the same diets as in Exp. 1. Results: The supplementation of PRO did not result in any significant differences in milk intake, average daily gain (ADG), or total gain between treatments during the pre-weaning period. Total dry matter intake tended to be greater (p = 0.07) with addition of PRO in the post-weaning diets. During post-weaning phase, the final BW, ADG, total gain, and feed conversion ratio of the lambs receiving PRO treatments tended to be greater ($p{\leq}0.10$) than the control group. Addition of PRO in post-weaning diet decreased ($p{\leq}0.01$) blood urea and cholesterol concentrations. With the exception of ether extract digestibility, all nutrients digestibility were improved with inclusion PRO in the post-weaning diets. Conclusion: Lambs that received PRO in post-weaning diet appeared to show a better performance than lambs in pre-weaning period. Addition of the probiotic in the post-weaning diet trended towards improved dry matter intake, growth performance, feed conversion ratio, and nutrients digestibility.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.285-291
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• 2004

A simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography system is a powerful tool for preparative scale separation, which can be applied to the separation of chiral compound. We have de-signed our own lab-scale SMB chromatography using 5 HPLC pumps, 6 stainless steel columns and 4 multi-position valves, to separate a racemic mixture of ketoprofen in to its enantiomers. Our design has the characteristics of the low cost for assembly for the SMB chromatography and easy repair of the unit, which differs from the designs suggested by other investigators. It is possible for the flow path through each column to be independently changed by computer control, using 4 multi-position rotary valves and 5 HPLC solvent delivery pumps. In order to prove the operability of our SMB system, attempts were made to separate the (S)-ketoprofen enantiomer from a ketoprofen racemic mixture. The operating parameters of the SMB chromatography were calculated for ketoprofen separation from a batch chromatography experiment as well as by the triangle theory. With a feed concentration of 1 mg/mL, (S)-ketoprofen was obtained with a purity of 96% under the calculated operating conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.888-895
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• 2020

Ulmus genus has excellent various physiological activities, including anti-ulcer, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-cancer, immunity, and homeostasis maintenance effects, and it is known to have many additional drug effects And one of reasons for these excellentbiological activities is a flavan-3-ol chemical group in Ulmus genus. In this study a new flavan-3-ol compound was identified in Ulmus davidiana var. japonica. A flavan-3-ol,(2R,3S)-7-[(2S,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5-diol, named as catechin 7-O-beta-D apiofuranoside, was isolated from the stems and barks of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica for. suberosa, which is a species belonging to the genus Ulmus, growing throughout the Korea peninsula. The structure was elucidated by various spectroscopic methods including high-resolution TOF mass spectrometry, ¹H-NMR and ¹³C-NMR spectrometry and comparison with chemical structures of defined compounds.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.309-316
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• 2000

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate chemical composition, dry matter(DM) digestibility, DM intake, relative feed value(RFV) and hay grade of imported roughage which was collected by wholesale dealer at Chungnam province in 1999. Experimental roughages includes 8 kinds of imported hays(com stover bale, tall fescue straw, green cell, bermudagrass straw, reed camarygrass straw, alfalfa bale, sugarcane bale and oat hay) and mixture hay(contro1) which was harvested at Chungnam National University experimental field. Compared with mixture hay(contro1) except for alfalfa bale, crude protein of most imported roughage was low, but NDF, ADF, cellulose and lignin compound were high. Futhermore, DM digestibility, DM intake, RFV and hay grade of imported roughage except for alfalfa bale was significantly lower than those of mixture hay(control)(P<0.05). Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the economic value in the aspect of quality for the imported roughages. (Key words : Imported roughage, RFV, Hay grade, Nutritive value)

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.469-477
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• 2006

When denitrification was connected with a single stream process by using biofilter and sulfur-limestone, it was found that such connection enabled highly efficient nitrification without special unit operation of microorganisms or injection of external carbon sources which is being shown in general biological treatment processes. It was observed that in the trickling filter bed, decomposition of organic substances and highly efficient nitrification by both the forced pressure feed trickling and the air fan were simultaneously done. In the denitrification tank where sulfur-limestone was mixed at a certain ratio, limestone was used by autotrophic microorganisms as a source of supply for alkalinity, and nitrate $NO_{3}^{-}$-N was denitrified into nitrogen gas. And in the sulfur-limestone autotrophic denitrification, $NO_{3}^{-}-N\;or\;NO_{2}^{-}-N$ was denitrified as a sulfur compound in reduction state was oxidized into a final output of $SO_{4}^{-2}$. The mean concentration of the discharge water was 8.6 mg/l for T-N and 0.8 mg/l for T-P, respectively, and their mean treatment efficiency was 79.2% and 80.8%, respectively. Implementing highly efficient denitrification without injection of an external organic carbon source or internal return, it is concluded that the proposed process is suitable for a sewerage in a small village with the merits of low power consumption and easy maintenance.