• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.259-264
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• 2017

In this study, the changes of low molecular weight compounds during natural decay process for 4 weeks were analyzed. Natural corruptions were observed in the slate warehouse with summer humidity and temperature throughout the rainy season by using commercially available compound feeds. Koiganal was detected from 14 days of natural decay and corruption with chicken, pig, and Korean cattle feed. Ethyl palmitate, Ethyl pentadecanoate and, Methyl elaidatel were detected from chicken, pig, and Korean cattle feed. So, Koiganal can be useful for monitoring the degree of pollution of corruption of livestock feeds in advance.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.167-174
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• 2016

In this study, we analyzed for the changes of low organic compounds during 4 weeks incubation though inoculation of harmful microorganisms on commercial feed. Two percent of overnight cultures of Exiguobacterium acetylicum, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium graminearum were inoculated in feed, respectively. After adjusting moisture level to 50% for the promotion of feed spoilage, pH was decreased to 4.58~5.03 and microorganism was ranged to $6{\sim}10log_{10}CFU/g$. The compounds were compare between aflatoxin G1 producing feeds and aflatoxin G1 non-producing feeds. Aflatoxins G1 were detected by the immunoaffinity column clean-up method with HPLC-FLD, and were confirmed in samples incoulated by Aspergillus flavus and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. Koiganal II, cyclohexanol and butadien-one were detected from samples (the non-sterilized inoculated feed) by Aspergillus flavus and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. Respectively as aflatoxin G1 pre-detected substance, Koiganal II, cyclohexanol and butadien-one may be useful substance for the pre-detection of aflatoxin G1.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.1398-1407
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• 2024

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine internal structure spectral profile of by-products from coffee processing that were affected by added-microorganism fermentation duration in relation to truly absorbed feed nutrient supply in ruminant system. Methods: The by-products from coffee processing were fermented using commercial fermentation product, consisting of various microorganisms: for 0 (control), 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. In this study, carbohydrate-related spectral profiles of coffee by-products were correlated with their chemical and nutritional properties (chemical composition, total digestible nutrient, bioenergy values, carbohydrate sub-fractions and predicted degradation and digestion parameters as well as milk value of feed). The vibrational spectra of coffee by-products samples after fermentation for 0 (control), 7, 14, 21, and 28 days were determined using a JASCO FT/IR-4200 spectroscopy coupled with accessory of attenuated total reflectance (ATR). The molecular spectral analyses with univariate approach were conducted with the OMNIC 7.3 software. Results: Molecular spectral analysis parameters in fermented and non-fermented by-products from coffee processing included structural carbohydrate, cellulosic compounds, non-structural carbohydrates, lignin compound, CH-bending, structural carbohydrate peak1, structural carbohydrate peak2, structural carbohydrate peak3, hemicellulosic compound, non-structural carbohydrate peak1, non-structural carbohydrate peak2, non-structural carbohydrate peak3. The study results show that added-microorganism fermentation induced chemical and nutritional changes of coffee by-products including carbohydrate chemical composition profiles, bioenergy value, feed milk value, carbohydrate subfractions, estimated degradable and undegradable fractions in the rumen, and intestinal digested nutrient supply in ruminant system. Conclusion: In conclusion, carbohydrate nutrition value changes by added-microorganism fermentation duration were in an agreement with the change of their spectral profile in the coffee by-products. The studies show that the vibrational ATR-FT/IR spectroscopic technique could be applied as a rapid analytical tool to evaluate fermented by-products and connect with truly digestible carbohydrate supply in ruminant system.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.171-184
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• 2013

Single-and repeated-dose toxicities of Compound K (CK) were evaluated according to Toxicity Test Guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration using Sprague-Dawley rats. For single-dose toxicity study, CK was dissolved in drinking water, orally administered and examined for 14 days. As results, CK up to a dose of 5,000 mg/kg, the limited dose, neither induced death, clinical signs and necropsy findings, nor affected body weight gain and organ weights, in which 10% lethal dose could not be estimated. Based on the results of single-dose toxicity test, CK was administered at doses of 500, 1,000 or 2,000 mg/kg for 28 days for the evaluation of repeated-dose toxicity. All doses including the limited dose (2,000 mg/kg) of CK did not cause any abnormalities of rats, including mortality, clinical signs, body weight gain, feed/water consumption, necropsy findings, organ weights, hematology, blood biochemistry. Rather, high doses (1,000 - 2,000 mg/kg) of CK reduced the serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), creatinine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and triglycerides, in addition to an increase in glucose, indicative of protective effects on hepatic and muscular injuries. Thus, both maximum tolerable dose (MTD) and no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) were not determined. The results indicate that long-term intake of high-dose CK might not induce general adverse effects.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.250-257
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• 2011

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different mycotoxin adsorbents including esterified glucomannan (EGM), hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) and compound mycotoxin adsorbent (CMA) on performance, blood parameters, and liver pathological changes in broilers fed mold-contaminated feed. Two hundred and forty 10-day-old broilers were randomly assigned to one of the five dietary treatments including: i) control diet; ii) mold-contaminated diet; iii) moldcontaminated diet+0.05% EGM; iv) mold-contaminated diet+0.2% HSCAS; v) mold-contaminated diet+0.1% CMA. At 35-days-old, blood and liver tissue samples were collected for analysis. 0.1% CMA improved ADG and ADFI during 10-42 d compared to the moldcontaminated group (p<0.05). The mold-contaminated diet increased total white blood cell (WBC) number, haemoglobin (Hgb) concentration, hematocrit (Hct) level, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and ${\gamma}$-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities, and decreased red blood cell (RBC) number and serum globulin (GLB) and urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations (p<0.05). The three mycotoxin adsorbents alleviated the alteration of RBC, WBC, Hgb and AST caused by the mold-contaminated diet. Furthermore, 0.1% CMA increased GLB concentration and decreased Hct level and GGT activity (p<0.05). Liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was reduced, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was increased by the mold-contaminated diet (p<0.05). Both EGM and HSCAS prevented the increase of MPO activity (p<0.05). Liver lesion, including severe vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes, was observed in chicks fed the mold-contaminated diet. 0.05% EGM prevented these effects except for biliary hyperplasia and mild vacuolar degeneration. 0.2% HSCAS showed medium vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes. Liver of broilers fed 0.1% CMA revealed a mild vacuolar degeneration. These results indicate that a mold-contaminated diet results in adverse effects on blood parameters and liver morphology. 0.05% EGM and 0.2% HSCAS partially alleviated the adverse effects. However, 0.1% CMA almost completely ameliorated the adverse effects.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.263-272
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• 2014

The effect of the addition of Allium hookeri on the quality of fermented sausage made with meat from sulfur fed pigs was examined, throughout a 60 d ripening period. There were two treatments in animal management: normal feed fed pigs, and sulfur fed pigs given 0.3% sulfur mixed normal feed. Fermented sausage manufactured with meat from normal feed fed pigs, and with meat from sulfur fed pigs, and 1% A. hookeri-containing fermented sausage processed with meat from sulfur fed pigs, were determined at 1 d, 15 d, 30 d, and 60 d. The meat qualities in fermented sausage were measured by DPPH radical scavenging activity (DPPH), $ABTS^+$ radical scavenging activity ($ABTS^+$), total phenolic acids, and total flavonoid contents. Fermented sausage made from pigs that had been fed with 0.3% sulfur was protected from oxidation by reduced free radical, as shown by the significant increase in DPPH and $ABTS^+$ values, compared with fermented sausage made from normal feed fed pigs (p<0.05). A. hookeri-added fermented sausage with sulfur fed pork was shown to increase the values in DPPH, $ABTS^+$, total phenolic acid, and total flavonoid contents, by comparison with both the control sausage, and sausage with sulfur fed pork, at 60 d. These results suggest that A. hookeri in meat from sulfur fed pigs could be a source of natural addition, to increase quality in the food industry.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.190-195
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• 2003

양식현장에서의 효율적인 생사료 사용을 위해 경제적이며, 성장효과가 뛰어난 생사료와 분말배합사료의 적정 혼합비를 구명하고자 넙치(평균체중 48g)를 대상으로 사육실험을 실시하였다. 생사료 단독구(FRF)를 대조구로 설정하였으며, 생사료와 분말배합사료의 배합비율은 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4 및 5:5로 설정하였다. 10주간 사육실험 결과, 성장률은 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4 및 5:5 구는 203.5~217.3%로 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, FRF구는 183.1%로 유의적으로 낮은 성장을 나타냈다(P<0.05). 사료효율은 분말배합사료의 비율이 증가함에 따라 점차 증가하여 5:5 구가 89.7%로 가장 높았다. 실험 종료 후 어체 분석 결과, 수분은 7:3구가 유의적으로 낮았으며(P<0.05), 조단백질은 9:1구가 유의적으로 낮았다(P< 0.05). 조지방 함량은 생사료의 비율이 증가할수록 증가하여 FRF구가 8.3%로 가장 높았으며, 5:5구가 4.6%로 가장 낮았다. 간중량지수(HSI)와 비만도(CF)는 실험구간의 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, 내장중량지수(VSI)는 생사료 비율이 증가할수록 높아져 생사료가 5.49로 유의적으로 높은 값을 나타냈다(P<0.05). 사료단가에서는 생사료원인 고등어가 400원/kg 일때는 생사료가 경제적인 것으로 나타났으나 500원/kg 이상일 때는 5:5가 경제적인 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과, 생사료의 일방적인 사용은 성장, 환경 및 경제적 측면에서 바람직하지 못하며, 5:5구가 생사료의 최소한의 사용으로 높은 효과를 나타내었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제45권11호
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• pp.725-733
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• 2008

In this study the preparation method of the spherical ADU droplets, intermediate compound of a HTGR nuclear fuel, was detailed-reviewed and then, the characteristics on an ageing and a washing steps among the wet process and the thermal treatment process on the died-ADU${\rightarrow}UO_3$ conversion with the high temperature furnaces were studied. The key parameters for spherical droplets forming are a precise control of feed rate and a suitable viscosity value selection of a broth solution. Also, a harmony of vibrating frequency and amplitude of a vibration dropping system are important factor. In our case, an uranium concentration is $0.5{\sim}0.7mol/l$, viscosity is $50{\sim}80$ centi-Poise, vibration frequency is about 100Hz. In thermal treatment for no crack spherical $UO_3$ particle, the heating rate in the calcination must be operated below $2^{\circ}C$/min, in air atmosphere.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.109-123
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• 2000

Inhaled halogen compound was examined through micronucleus tests and toxicity tests using SD (Sprague-Dawley) rats with repeated dosages for six hours a day, five days a week, during four weeks. In four-week repeated exposure, no specific sign caused by the $CF_3I$ compound was observed on the clinical symptoms, body weight variation, feed consumption, and urinalysis data in the testing groups with reference to the control group. In hematological and biochemical blood tests of the testing groups, the significant, but in their normal ranges, value dependencies of glucose, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and etc., on the halogen carbohydride concentration was observed. In histo-pathological tests, no specific lesion or concentration dependent change due to the $CF_3I$ compound dosage was observed in both sexes of the female and male in the tested animals. But, micronucleus tests on marrow cells extracted from the tested animals which were repeatedly exposed in the $CF_3I$ compound during four weeks, the frequencies of micronuclei were significantly increased dose-dependently compared to the control groups.

• 청정기술
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.195-202
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 미량의 유기 염소계 화합물이 함유된 수용액에 대해 가교된 PDMS 막을 이용하여 투과증발 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과 공급액의 조성에 따라 트리클로로에틸렌의 플럭스는 선형적으로 증가하였으며 물의 플럭스는 약간씩 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 트리클로로에틸렌과 테트라클로로에틸렌의 비교 실험으로 트리클로로에틸렌이 보다 높은 분리 효율을 보임을 알 수 있었다. 조업온도의 증가는 트리클로로에틸렌의 분리효율에 좋은 영향을 미치지 않았으나 공급액의 유속은 플럭스의 큰 증가를 가져왔다. 높은 가교 밀도는 막으로의 용해도와 확산도를 감소시킨다. 가교 밀도에 트리클로로에틸렌의 플럭스와 선택도는 감소하였으며 이는 고분자 사슬의 움직임과 확산도의 감소로 설명이 가능하다.