• 한국습지학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2009

본 연구는 축산퇴비(우분)의 농지환원시 비점오염원으로써 수계에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 실제 농지에 작물을 재배하여 강우에 따라 농지표면으로 직접적으로 유출되는 유출수의 성분을 조사하였다. 축산퇴비(우분)의 농지환원시 수계유출율을 산정한 결과 단기유출의 강우시 BOD5는 0.6 %, CODcr은 0.3 %, CODMn은 0.1 %, T-N은 0.8 %, T-P는 1.0 %로 나타났다. 장기유출의 강우시 BOD5는 3.6 %, CODcr은 1.0 %, CODMn은 0.9 %, T-N은 4.9 %, T-P는 4.8 %로 나타나 강우유출시간이 증가될수록 수계유출율이 증가되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.546-555
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• 2017

The Nutrient budget is one of the agricultural-environment indicators of OECD. A nutrient budget measures the surplus as the differential between the inputs and the outputs of within a certain boundary and within a specified period of time (i.e. one year). According to OECD, the annual nitrogen budget for Korea was $245kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ in 2014, which corresponds to the first position among OECD countries. In Korea in 2014, about 90 % of livestock excreta was composted as solid and liquid manure, which are usually and customarily spread on agricultural land. The objectives of this study are intended to suggest methodology of the regional nitrogen budget as a nitrogen management tool, which considers conversion from raw excreta to composted manures based on the methodology of OECD/Eurostat, and application of the new method in an agricultural region of Korea. As a result, the calculated excess rate of hydrospheric nitrogen surplus was $251kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ (in the region in 2014), which indicates the presence of potential risks emanating from excessive nitrogen, with regard to both export water and soil environments. The findings also assert that this was shown to be one of the most important elements in the nitrogen budget, which translates to the actual amounts of nitrogen lost during the solid composting process. To better understand the process and the reliability of the method, it is necessary to analyze the sensitivity of the relevant co-efficients used in the method in the near future.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권12호
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• pp.1977-1985
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• 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the seasonal characteristics of odorous material emissions from a swine finishing barn equipped with a continuous pit recirculation system (CPRS) using aerobically treated manure. Methods: The CPRS consists of an aerobic manure treatment process and a pit recirculation system, where the solid fraction is separated and composted. The aerated liquid fraction (290.0%±21.0% per day of total stored pig slurry) is continuously recirculated to the top of the slurry in the pit. Four confinement pig barns in three piggery farms were used: two were equipped with CPRS, and the other two operated a slurry pit under the slatted floor across all seasons. Results: The indoor, exhaust, and outside odor intensities were significantly lower in the CPRS group than in the control group (p<0.001). In the CPRS group, the odor intensity outside was significantly lower in the fall than in the other seasons (p = 0.015). In the indoor atmosphere, the temperature and CO₂, NH₃, and H₂S contents of the CPRS group were significantly lower than those of the control group (p<0.05). In the CPRS group, indoor temperature did not significantly change in the spring, summer, and fall seasons and was significantly lower in the winter (p = 0.002). NH₃, H₂S, methyl mercaptan, dimethyl disulfide, trimethylamine, phenol, indole, and skatole levels were significantly lower in the CPRS group than in the control group (p<0.05). There were significant seasonal differences on the odorous material in both the control and CPRS groups (p<0.05), but the pattern was not clear across seasons. Conclusion: The CPRS can reduce the indoor temperature in the summer to a level similar to that in the spring and fall seasons. The CPRS with aerated liquid manure is expected to reduce and maintain malodorous emissions within acceptable limits in swine facilities.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.354-361
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate whether several composted liquid manures (CLMs) are useful for biological control of large patch on zoysiagrass and investigate the chemical and biological factors to suppress large patch in soil treated with CLMs. The CLMs were produced at 4 different facilities for livestock excretion treatments located in Korea. Field experiments were carried out at 5 golf courses located near each facility. CLM and Chemical fertilizer (CF: water soluble fertilizer, 20-20-20) were applied four and three times with N at $12g\;m^{-2}$ per year, respectively. There was significant increase of concentration of K, Na, and Cu of soil treated with CLM compared to CF treatment. Among experimental plots, CN and GG2 plot sites were shown significant higher effect of biological control 80% and 50% respectively against large patch disease. The number of bacteria, Actinomycetes, and fungi in soil at these sites significantly increased and fluorescein diacetate hydrolytic activity was enhanced, while the soil was treated with CLM. The results of this study demonstrated that CLM application has effect on soil to suppress large patch and reduce the use of fungicide in environment-friendly turf management.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.628-634
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• 2012

Release of veterinary antibiotics (VSs) to agricultural environment through application of animal manure and/or animal manure-based composts to soils is of concern. The current study was conducted to examine decline of VAs during composting the chicken manure. For this, antibiotics free chicken manure (20 kg) and sawdust (10 kg) were added to the bench-scale composting apparatus and then the mixed material was spiked simultaneously with three VAs (chlortetracycline, CTC; sulfamethazine, SMZ; tylosin, TYL) at two different levels (10 and $20mg\;kg^{-1}$). Then the decline of VAs was determined using Charm II system during 53 composting period. For comparison, composting only chicken manure was included at VAs concentration of $10mg\;kg^{-1}$. During composting, the concentration of all three different VAs declined below the prospective guideline values ($0.8mg\;kg^{-1}$ for CTC, $0.2mg\;kg^{-1}$ for SMZ, and $1.0mg\;kg^{-1}$ for TYL) except CTC at $20mg\;kg^{-1}$ spiking when the chicken manure was composted together with sawdust. Interestingly, CTC at $10mg\;kg^{-1}$ spiking appeared to be declined under the guideline value without sawdust while SMZ was resistant to be declined without sawdust. Unlike CTC and SMZ, TYL showed immediate decline right after spiking TYL to composting materials regardless the spiking concentration and existence of sawdust. Appropriate composting procedure of chicken manure was able to decline the residual VAs in the manure below the prospective guideline value and the importance of organic substances on this decline was perceived.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.287-296
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• 2007

본 시험은 논에서 가축분뇨를 활용한 총체벼 재배 시 생육특성, 수량, 사료가치 및 토양의 화학성에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 2003년부터 2005년까지 3년간 축산과학원(수원) 포장에서 시험을 실시하였으며 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 초장은 품종 간에는 추청벼에서 길었으며 가축분뇨 종류 간에는 돈분액비구> 발효돈분구> 발효우분구 순이었다. 주당 경수는 수원468호보다 추청벼가 많았으며 가축분뇨의 종류 간에는 돈분액비구> 발효돈분구> 화학비료구> 발효우분구 순으로 적었다. 시용방법 간에는 수원468호는 차이가 없었으나 추청벼는 가축분뇨 100%구> 가축분뇨 75% + 화학비료 25%구> 가축분뇨 100% + 화학비료 25%구 순이었다. 식물체중 질소 함량은 돈분액비구 2.61%, 발효우분구 1.60%, 발효돈분구 1.33%, 화학비료구 1.07%순으로 가축분뇨를 시용한 경우 모두 높았다. 시용방법 간에는 가축분뇨 100% + 화학비료 25%구> 가축분뇨 75% + 화학비료 25%구> 가축분뇨 100%구 순이었다. 등숙률은 식물체내에 질소 함량이 높았던 처리에서 낮아졌다. 건물수량은 화학비료구에 비하여 돈분액비구 7%, 발효돈분구 15%, 발효우분구 8% 증수되었다. 시용방법 간에는 일정한 경향이 없었으며 품종 간에는 수원 468호보다 추청벼가 증수되었다. TDN 수량도 건물수량과 같은 경향 이었다. 조단백질 함량은 가축분뇨시용으로 다소 높은 경향이었으나 RFV는 화학비료구> 발효우분구> 발효돈분구> 돈분액비구 순이었다. 토양의 화학성은 pH, 유기물, T-N는 대차 없으나 인산은 가축분뇨 시용으로 증가되는 경향이었고 중금속 중 Cu와 Zn은 돈분액비구, 발효돈분구에서 증가되었으나 발효우분구는 대조구와 큰 차이가 없었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.1415-1420
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• 2009

The aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. (Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli) in soil, poultry manure, irrigation water, and freshly harvested vegetables from vegetable farms in Malaysia. C. jejuni was detected in 30.4% and 2.7% of the soil samples, 57.1 % and 0% of the manure samples, and 18.8% and 3% of the vegetable samples from farm A and farm B, respectively, when using the MPN-PCR method. Campylobacter spp. was not found in any of the irrigation water samples tested. Therefore, the present results indicate that the aged manure used by farm A was more contaminated than the composted manure used by farm B. Mostly, the leafy and root vegetables were contaminated. C. coli was not detected in any of the samples tested in the current study. Both farms tested in this study were found to be contaminated by campylobacters, thereby posing a potential risk for raw vegetable consumption in Malaysia. The present results also provide baseline data on Campylobacter contamination at the farm level.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2013

In this experiment, we hypothesized that pre-conditioning pig manure with microwave radiation can effectively eliminate moisture and consequently, cut down a need for expensive sawdust. For the experiment, pig manure/sawdust mixture of water content 79% was divided into 4 groups and each of them were treated with microwave for predetermined time periods, 5, 10, 15, 20 minutes. Subsequently, they were transferred to chambers (20 L) and aerobically composted. During the 2 weeks composting, air was supplied using blower (150 L per $1m^3$) and temperature and other variables were monitored continuously. When the data were analyzed, it was found, (1) moisture content was significantly decreased as radiation period extended. (2) weight reduction of compost after completion of composting was noticeably bigger in 15 min radiated group(31%), compared with 5 min (24.6%), 10 min (21.4%), 20 min (27.2%) radiated groups.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.82-91
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• 2002

본 연구는 phyllite의 돈분 퇴비화 과정 중 수분조절제로서의 활용 가치를 평가하기 위해 수행되였다. phyllite에 대한 수분조절제로서의 평가를 위해 톱밥을 이용한 돈분퇴비구(PSC)를 대조구로 하였다. Phyllite 10%와 톱밥 20%를 처리한 퇴비구(PSPC10)와 phyllite 20%와 톱밥 10%를 처리한 퇴비구(PSPC20)에서의 결과 20%의 phyllite를 첨가한 처리구에서는 부숙이 빠르게 진행되었지만, 상대적인 유기물의 감소로 인한 C/N비가 매우 낮았다. 따라서 phyllite는 현재 퇴비화에서 사용되고 있는 재료와 비교하여 비교적 양호한 결과를 나타내었으며 앞으로도 좀 더 다양한 농업적 자재로서의 활용연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2017

본 연구는 계분 발효에서 수분조절제로 톱밥을 대신하여 피트모스와 코코피트를 사용하였을 때, 계분발효에 미치는 영향과 이들의 시비효과를 조사하였다. 처리구는 계분 단독처리구(OP), 톱밥+계분처리구(SP), 피트모스+계분처리구(PP) 및 코코피트+계분처리구(CP)로 설정하였다. OP나 SP 처리구와 비교할 때, 계분 발효시 $50^{\circ}C$이상을 나타내는 기간이 PP와 CP 처리구에서 35일로 약 10일 정도 길었고, 퇴비화 후 45일 경 PP와 CP 처리구의 수분 함량은 약 50% 정도로 10% 정도 높은 경향을 보였다. 계분 발효과정에서 PP와 CP 처리구의 EC는 SP 처리구보다 증가하였고, pH와 유기물대 질소비는 처리구별 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 발효 종료 후 가공계분의 질소, 인산 및 칼리함량은 가공계분의 공정규격에 적합하였다. 상추, 케일 및 갓에 대한 재배시험 결과, PP와 CP 처리구는 OP나 SP 처리구보다 생육이 우수하였고 수량이 증가하였다.