• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2000

Odor control for livestock and compost facilities has focused on manure handling and treatment during storage and land application, however, large amount of malodorous air is emitted and it is one of main sources of malodour in livestock farming. Biological treatment or biodegradation involves converting an organic contaminant to carbon dioxide and water using natural bacteria. Biofiltration is an effective air pollution control technology that uses microorganisms to breakdown gaseous contaminants and produce innocuous end products. Investment and operating costs on the biofiltration are lower than for thermal and chemical oxidation processes. This paper is intended to provide an overview of basic design and operating criteria for biofilters to control odors from livestock and compost facilities.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.219-232
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• 2007

Odors from manures are a major problem for livestock production. The most significant odorous compounds in animal manure a.e volatile fatty acids(VFAs). This work reviews the VFAs from the anaerobic sequencing biofilm batch reactor(ASBBR), anaerobic sequencing batch reactor(ASBR), solid compost batch reactor(SCBR), and aerobic sequencing batch reactor(SBR) associated with the animal manure biological treatment. First, we describe and quantify VFAs from animal manure biological treatment and discuss biofiltration for odor control. Then we review certain fundamentals aspects about Anaerobic and aerobic SBR, composting of animal manure, manure compost biofilter for odorous VFAs control, SBR for nitrogen removal, and ASBR for animal wastewater treatment systems considered important for the resource recovery and air quality. Finally, we present an overview for the future needs and current experience of the biological systems engineering for animal manure management and odor control.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.101-107
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• 2008

Bio-filtration utilizes microorganisms fixed to a porous medium to metabolize pollutants present in an air stream. The microorganisms grow in a bio-film on the surface of a medium or are suspended in the water phase surrounding the medium particles. Therefore, bio-filter support media play one of the most important key roles in bio-filtration of gas phase pollutants. To characterize and select the appropriate support media, gas adsorption capacity and microorganism immobilization were investigated in lab-scale experiments for the selected target support media which were compost I (compost from lab-scale process), compost II (compost from municipal facility), bark, wood chip, orchid stone and vermiculite. As odor materials, ammonia and trimethylamine were utilized. From the result of experiments, bark was superior to any other support media tested in adsorption capacity as much as 12.5 mg ammonia per 1 g bark. In trimethylamine adsorption, bark and wood chip showed a remarkable results of 21.1 and 14.1 mg/g respectively. On the other hand, microorganism fixation test determined by the count of nitrogen oxidizing microbes population, the compost II and wood chips showed the best results. Considering the characteristics of materials and the operating condition of the bio-filter, bark, wood chip, and compost II are applicable to the support media of bio-filter when they are appropriately blended on the basis of studying the media pH, packing porosity and moisture contents.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2002

실제 규모의 반밀폐 교반통기식 퇴비화 시스템에서 돈분과 톱밥의 혼합물을 퇴비화하는 과정에서 발생하는 암모니아가스의 탈취처리를 위하여 개방식 바이오필터 시스템을 제작하고 바이오필터로서 부숙퇴비를 이용하여 탈취시험을 수행하였다. 퇴비화 및 탈취과정에서 재료의 이화학적 특성 및 암모니아가스의 발생량을 측정하여 퇴비화의 특성 및 바이오필터 시스템의 성능을 분석하였다. 바이오필터의 암모니아가스 탈취효율은 2개월 평균 84%로 나타났으며 탈취재를 통과한 후의 암모니아가스의 농도는 최대 45ppm 이하로 나타나 허용농도 (50ppm) 범위에 있었다. 부숙퇴비는 교반통기식 퇴비화 시스템에서 발생하는 암모니아가스의 탈취재로 활용할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2002

Odor generated during composting of livestock manure is mainly due to ammonia emission. Biofiltration is a desirable method to control composting odor. This study was conducted to analyze the efficiency of using fresh compost as a biofilter. A mixture of cattle manure and recycled compost was composted in a bin equipped with a suction-type blower. The exhaust gas was filtered through the fresh compost. Residence time was controlled by the flow rate of exhaust gas and the depth of filtering materials. At the aeration rate of 30 L/min(experiment I), ammonia reduction rate varied from 100% to -15% for biofilter A(residence time 56.5 s) and almost 100% for biofilter B(residence time 113 s). At the aeration rate of 30 L/min, the cumulative ammonia reduction rate was 80.5% for biofilter A and 99.9% for biofilter B. At the aeration rate of 50 L/min(experiment II), the lowest reduction rate showed a negative value of -350% on the 8th and 9th day for biofilter A(residence time 33.9 5), and 50% on the loth day for biofilter B(residence time 67.8s). At the aeration rate of 50 L/min, the cumulative ammonia reduction rate was 82.5% fur biofilter A and 97.4% for biofilter B. Filtering efficiency was influenced by residence time. The moisture content(MC) and total nitrogen(T-N) of the filtering material were increased by absorbing moisture and ammonia included in the exhaust gas, while pH was decreased and total carbon(T-C) remained unchanged during the filtering operation.

• 청정기술
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.345-356
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• 2017

퇴비화 과정은 유기물질을 비료와 같은 유용한 자원으로 전환하는 생물학적 과정이다. 퇴비화는 유기물과 환경조건(탄질율, 온도, 습도, 산소공급, pH 등)의 변화에 적응하는 미생물 군집의 연속적인 천이과정으로 이해될 수 있다. 우리나라에서의 유기성 폐기물을 처리하는 퇴비사의 악취는 도시화 가속화에 따른 신도시개발, 공장이나 주거지역들의 생활지역 근접화에 따라 악취를 발생시키는 원인이 되어 관공서에 민원이 제기되는등 사회적인 문제가 되고 있다. 이의 저감방안으로 퇴비사에서 우점하는 미생물을 규명하고 미생물 군집의 변화를 조사, 연구하여 생장환경에 맞게 적용하는 것은 퇴비공정의 효율적인 개선과 생산된 퇴비의 품질제어, 악취저감 측면에서 매우 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 퇴비화에 있어 최적의 운용기술과 악취발생을 저감하는 방법들을 중심으로 고찰하였다. 퇴비화 공정에서 부숙활동에 효과적인 올바른 미생물종의 선택과 개체수의 빠른 증가가 부숙을 촉진시킨다. 이에 따른 미생물 분해활동을 통한 부숙 극대화를 위한 공기량(산소), 온도, 습도 등 박테리아의 최적 생장조건을 제시하였다. 악취제거 및 수분조절기능이 있는 다공성광물을 사용했더니 악취가 현저하게 개선되어 졌다. 미생물의 생장조건을 최적화 부숙환경을 개선, 부숙을 촉진시켜 악취를 저감하는 최근기술들도 제시하였다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.57-60
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• 2003

앞으로 친환경 유기농업을 위한 축산환경 보전 및 퇴비 유통과 이용을 촉진하기 위해서는 대기, 수질, 토양오염 등의 환경오염을 방지하는 축산 환경기술 개발뿐만 아니라, 축분퇴비품질 기준면에서 경종농가 작물 사용에 적합한 고품질 퇴비제조와 간단한 평가 방법의 확립이 필요한 시점에 와 있다.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제18권E3호
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• pp.153-163
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• 2002

A laboratory- scale dual-column biofilter system was used to study the biofiltration of dimethyl disulfide (DMDS). The gas flow rate and DMDS concentration to the biofilter were varied to study their effect on the remov-al of dimethyl disulfide. Operating parameters such as pH, temperature, and water content were monitored during the biofilter operation and necessary precautions were taken to keep these parameters within the acceptable limits. It was observed that the removal efficiency of DMDS was optimal at neutral pH values. After five month op-eration, the neutralization of the filter beds with sodium carbonate became necessary for the optimum operation of the biofilters. The microbial population already present in the compost mixtures was found to be adequate in treat-ing DMDS. The compost mixtures were found to be similar in terms of biofiltration efficiency of DMDS. However, pressure drops observed in the first column compost mixture (compost/ peat mulch) was extremely high, making this compost economically not feasible. The second mixture (compost/bark) provided pressure drops within accept-able limits. A minimum residence time of 30 seconds at the optimal operating conditions appeared to be adequate for achieving high removal efficiencies (>90%).

• 유기물자원화
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.71-82
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 음식물류폐기물처리시설의 시설운영에 대한 전반적인 문제점 분석을 통해 음식물류폐기물처리시설의 효율적인 운영관리방안을 제시하고자 음식물류폐기물 관련 연구보고서와 자료를 수집 분석하였다. 음식물류폐기물처리시설에서 발생하는 악취의 특성을 알아보기 위하여 퇴비화시설과 사료화시설의 악취시료를 채취하여 분석하였다. 퇴비화 및 사료화시설의 주요 악취발생인이 큰 투입공정, 파쇄공정, 발효공정에 대하여 악취를 측정 분석한 결과 파쇄공정이 악취농도가 가장 높았다. 퇴비화시설의 주요 악취성분은 황화수소, 메틸머캅탄, 다이메틸설파이드, 암모니아였으며, 사료화시설의 주요 악취성분은 메틸머캅탄, 트라이메틸아민, 아세트알데하이드이었다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제42권
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• pp.61-67
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• 2000

Composting of hog manure amended with sawdust trials lasted three weeks and used pilot-scale in bin composting system. Results showed that the rise temperature and carbon dioxide evolution in compost during the composting decomposition process were affected by the aeration method, pH, C/N, moisture content, bulk density and particle size distribution. No significant differences existed in biophysical properties of the composit produced from the continuous and intermittent aeration method. The intermittent aeration was very successful in compost odor control and required less time to reach stability than the continuous aeration.