• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2021

This study aims to test the relationship between the change in population size and population composition and crime changes. The analytical model includes variables representing changes in population size and population composition, three dependent variables for crime changes, and three control variables. Changes in popuvpdllation size and population composition are measured by indicators such as population size, gender, age groups, and immigrants and foreign workers, and crime changes by felonious, burglary, and violent crime volumes. The sample includes 154 cities and counties in South Korea, and the sample period is from 2010 to 2017. As a result of the analysis, I examine that the decrease in the number of young and men are likely to lead to a decline in felonious and violent crimes, but a high rate of the elderly and the increasing racial heterogeneity are likely to accelerate the fear and worries about crimes.

• 한국인구학
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 1994

Since 1962, the population growth control has been one of the most important aims in the 5-Year So-cioeconomic Development Plans of Korea. The annual population growth rate has dropped to tess than 1 percent in 1990 from about 3 percents in 1960s, and projected to reach to $\ulcorner$0$\urcorner$ percent in 2021. From 2021, Korean population will decrease and the age structure will be distorted because birth rate will drop suddenly and continuously. Thus, we can consider $\ulcorner$0$\urcorner$ growth population for minimizing the prob- lems on the decreasing population. To discuss the problems caused from the changes of population size and age- sex composition, we projected three kinds of population including two kinds of $\ulcorner$0$\urcorner$ growth population under different as- sumptions. The first is the population which extended the projection of National Statistical Office up to 2090. Because the TFR is assumed and fixed as low as 1.63 after 1990, the population growth rate will be under $\ulcorner$0$\urcorner$ in 2021 and drop by about 1 percent every year from around 2050. This population trend results to old age population : 38.1 of old- age dependency ratio and 46.5 years of median age. The second is the population which the size in 2021 projected by the NOS continues after 2021. To change over from the decreasing population after 2021 to the $\ulcorner$0$\urcorner$ growth one, the TFR should be in-creased up to over 3.0 in 2040-2050, which fertility level would be too high to be accepted. The third is the population which approaches to the $\ulcorner$0$\urcorner$ growth population under the assumptions that the TFR increases from 1.63 to 2.1 in the period of 2010-2030 and then the same level continues. Although the maximum population size reaches 51, 503 thousand persons, the population will approach to the stationary population with about 42.4 million persons around 2090. In this projected population there is no more serious problems on population composition, on the rapid decrease of population, and on the increase TFR level. When the $\ulcorner$0$\urcorner$ growth population continues the problems of over population caused by the populationincrease wou]d be minimized, and the problems of unusual age composition resulted from the popula-tion decrease would not be found any more. Furthermore, when the changes of population size and composition is continuing slowly, the factors of population would effect moderately to socioeconomic development and help social changes. Therefore, with the attention of the present population changes, we should adapt new and detailde population policy which is able to get the $\ulcorner$0$\urcorner$ growth population.

• 한국인구학
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.241-268
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• 2006

본 연구는 출산율이 세계 최저수준으로 낮아진 한국사회의 적정인구를 사회복지적 관점에서 논의한다. 이는 인구규모의 급격한 감소와 인구구조외 불균형이 예측되어 결과적으로 국가발전에 부정적인 영향을 줄 것으로 전망되기 때문이다. 사회복지적 측면에서의 적정인구는 1인당 복지수준 또는 사회전체의 복지수준, 곧 사회적 후생(social welfare)의 크기 또는 복지성장률이 극대화되는 지점이다. 적정 인구구조는 전체인구대비 노인인구 약 $15{\sim}17%$, 생산인구 약 $64{\sim}69%$, 그리고 고령화지수 약 $72{\sim}104$ 수준이다. 또한 현재의 인구규모 및 인구구조를 감안한 한국의 적정 인구규모는 약 $4,850{\sim}4,950$만 명인 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 저출산의 원인제거로 출산율을 회복하여야 함과 동시에 외국인력을 유입할 수 있는 준비를 갖추어야 할 것이다. 아울러 아동들이 좋은 환경에서 성장할 수 있도록 노력하고 여성과 노인이 노동시장에 참여할 수 있는 조건을 제공하여야 할 필요가 있다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.151-157
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• 1996

This study was analyze through the reports which published on the subject matter of Su Dong-Myun from year of 1972-1993, and analysis of data in 1994 was performed with medical records on the health subcenter by PC-SAS program. The result are as follows: The number of population in Su-Dong Myun(study area) was 5,707 in 1995, 4,641 in 1985 and 5,424 in 1975. In the composition rate of population "0-14" of age group only showed markedly decreasing tendancy from 42.8% in 1975 to 19.1% in 1995. However, "65 and over" showed markedly increasing tendancy from 5.7% in 1975 to 9.8% in 1995. Annual utilization rate showed rapidly increasing tendency from year of 1972 to 1978, such as 314 per showed rapidly decreasing tendency, such as 708 in 1981, 485 in 1984, 272 in 1987, 309 in 190 and in 1993. In the annual age-specific utilization rate, the age group of "0-14" showed the highest rate of 621 per thousand population in 1975, 1159 in 1980, 1021 in 1985 and 538 in 1990. However the age group of "65 and over" showed the highest rate of 481 in 1994. Age specific annual utilization rate showed markedly decreasing tendency in the age group of "0-14" and "15-44", however showed slightly decreasing tendency or same level in the group of "45-64" and "65 and over" from year of 1980 to 1994. In the age specific utilization rate, the lower down the age was, the higher tendency the rate showed, such as 621 per 1,000 population in "0-14" of the age group, 543 in "15-44", 406 in "45-64" and 294 in "65 and over" in 1975. However, the higher up the age was, the higher tendency the rate showed in 1980, 1985 and 1994, except "0-14" of age group. The 5 major diseases were disease of Respiratory system, Gastrointestinal system, Skin and Subcutaneous tissue, Accidents, Poisoning and Violence and Nervous system and Sense organ, in 1975, 1980 and 1985. However, in 1990 and 1994, the 5 major disease were disease of Respiratory system, Gastrointestinal system. Skin and Subcutaneous tissue, Musculoskeletal system and, Connective tissue and Circulatory system. In Composition rate of patient in Su Dong-Myun Health Subcenter by Charged Medical Fee, medical insurance showed almost all the highest rate of 93.9% in year of 1994 and C.H.D.A. of 100% in 1975. Proportion of insurance showed increasing tendency such as 6.6% in 1980, 21.3% in 1985, 69.0% in 1990 and relatively C.H.D.A. showed decreasing tendency.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.174-184
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• 2010

Objectives: This study shows the issues that should be considered when applying standardized rates using Community Health Survey(CHS) data. Methods: We analyzed 2008 CHS data. In order to obtain the reliability of standardized rates, we calculated z-score and rank correlation coefficients between direct standardized rate and indirect standardized rate for 31 major indices. Especially, we assessed the change of correlations according to population composition (age and sex), and characteristics of the index. We used Mantel-Haenszel chi-square to quantify the difference of population composition. Results: Among 31 major indices, 29 indices' z-score and rank correlation coefficients were over 0.9. However, regions with larger differences in population composition showed lower reliability. Low reliability was also observed for the indices specific to subgroups with small denominator such as 'permanent lesion from stroke', and the index with large regional variations in age-related differences such as 'obtaining health examinations'. Conclusions: Standardized rates may have low reliability, if comparison is made between areas with extremely large differences in population composition, or for indicies with large regional variations in age-related differences. Therefore, the special features of standardized rates should be considered when health state are compared among areas.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.65-75
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• 1995

This experiment was carried out to the effects of population density and C/N ratios of feed on the growth, reproductive effciency and cast producation of the earthworm(Eisenia foetida). The population densities of 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 individuals of the earthworm fed with different C/N ratios of 25, 35, 45 and 55 cow manures were studied in rearing box($6,400cm^3$), and at the fertility stage during a period of 60 days. The results were summarized as follows; The survial rate(SR), increasing rate(IR), reproductive efficiency(RE) and cast production of the earthworms showed highest values in C/N ratio of 25. These results may indicate that C/N ratio of 25 is a very favourable feed for the growth of the earthworms. The survial rate(SR) indicated significant positive correlation with reproductive efficiency(RE) in different C/N ratios of feeds. The survial rate(SR) showed highest values in population densities of $50{\sim}100$ worms/$6,400cm^3(64.0{\sim}128.0cm^3/worm$). On the contrary, increasing rate(IR) tended to decreased with the increased population densities. The survival rate(SR) indicated significant negative correlation with reproductive efficiency(RE) in different population densities of the earthworms. The cast production estimated were $31.6mg{\sim}67.4mg/day/worm$ grown in optimum population densities($50{\sim}100\;worms/6,400cm^3$). The earthworm casting are an excellent soil conditioning material or organic fertilizer sources with a high chemical composition and their physical properties.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.243-250
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• 1998

This study was analyzed through the reports which published on the subject matter of Su Dong-Myun from 1994 to 1997 and the medical record of patient in Su-Dong Myun health subcenter. The result are as follow: 1. The number of population in Su-Dong Myun(study area) was 5,475 in 1994, 5,707 in 1995, 6,079 in 1996 and 6,253 in 1997. In composition rate of population, "65 and over" of age group only showed markedly increasing tendancy from 9.8% in l995 to 10.2% in 1997. However, the rest of all age group showed decreasing tendancy. 2. Annual utilization rate showed decreasing tendancy, such as 247 in 1994. 203 in 1995, 146 in 1996, and 140 in 1997 per 1000 population. But visiting time is increasing tendency, such as 3.1 in 1994, 2.8 in 1995. 2.4 in 1996 and 3.4 in 1997 per disease case. 3. Age specific annual utilization rate, all age showed decreasing tendancy in the age group of "0-14", "15-44" and "45-64", however showed increasing tendency in the age group of "65 and over" from 1994 to 1997. 4. The major disease were disease of Respiratory system. Gastrointestinal system. Musculoskeletal system and Connective tissue. Skin and Subcutaneous tissue and Circulatory system The disease of Musculoskeletal system and Connective tissue and Circulatory system are increasing.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.259-266
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• 1993

사육밀도를 달리한 지렁이 개체군에 우분을 먹이로 공급하였을 때 지렁이 생육과 분립의 생산량 및 분립의 화학적 조성을 조사하였다. 지렁이의 생존율과 증식속도사이에의 유의한 정상관이, 생존율과 증식속도간에는 역상관이 존재하였다. 최적사육밀도는 $42.7-128cm^3$/마리의 범위로 추정되었으며, 최적사육밀도에서 분립의 생산량은 36.5-80.9 mg/마리의범위로 추정되었다. 분립은 그화학적 조성과 물리적 성상으로 볼 때 토양개량제로서 이용가치가 높다고 판단되었다.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2008

Distribution, population structure, and growth of the bivalve Protothaca euglypta were investigated for clams collected from the northwestern part of the East Sea of Russia. This species is distributed in further northern area than it was found earlier. In the southern area, this clam is found in the intertidal zone, up to 8 m in depth. It is one of the most numerous infaunal species of bivalves, and protected to wave action in the gravel-pebble and sand with rubble biotope. Population density of P. euglypta reaches 500 $spc./m^2$, and biomass 2 $kg/m^2$. Size and age composition of the local settlements and allometric growth of P. euglypta depend on a biotope. The growth rate of P. euglypta considerably reduces in case of the northern boundary area, whereas life span increases.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.137-143
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• 1977

완전상태에 있는 자원에 있어서 감소계수를 Z, 완전가입연령을 $\alpha$라 할때 $\chi세 년급군의 미수는 $N\chi=N\alpha\;\exp\;{-z(\chi-\alpha)}$이므로 체장조성과 성장곡선식에서 감소 계수 z 및 생잔율 $\varrho^{-z}$를 추정하는 방법을 연구한결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 최고연령을 b라 하고, a, b, z와 평균연령 $U\chi$와의 관계는 $$U\chi=\frac{a-b\;\exp\;(-z(b-a))}{1-\exp\;(-z(b-a))}+\frac{1}{z}....(1)$$ $$Z=\frac{1}{U\chi-\alpha....(2)$$ 이다. 2. 성장식을 사용하여 체장조성표의 각 체장계급치에 해당하는 연령을 추정하고 전계급에 걸친 평균연령을 계산하였다. 3. $U\chi$값을 $U\chi$, a, b, $\chi$의 관계식에 대입하여 감소계수 z 값을 구하고 이 zrkqtdf 사용하여 생잔율 $\varrho^{-z}$ 값을 구하였다. 4. 황해 및 동지나산 참조기의 감소계수, 생잔율 및 생잔율의 $95\%$ 신속구간을 계산한 결과는 0.82595, 0.43782, $0.43767\~0.43797$였다. 5. 같은 통계자료를 써서 다른 방법으로 계산한 생잔율 0.46089의 상대오차는 약 0.05이였다.