• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 1987.07a
• /
• pp.565-568
• /
• 1987

In order to determine the standard composition of ZnO varistor with higher nonlinearity, various contents of $MnO_2$, $Co_2O_3$ were added to ZnO-1.0m/o $Bi_2O_3$ system. Also, samples that contained small amount of Sb, Si-oxides in standard composition determined before were fabricated. As a result, the standard composition of higher nonlinearity-oriented ZnO varistor was shown as ZnO-1.0 m/o $Bi_2O_3$-1.0m/o $MnO_2$-1.0m/o $Co_2O_3$ and $Sb_2O_3$ largely enhanced nonlinear exponent and nonlinear resistance, hut SiO largely enhanced nonlinear exponent only.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.455-459
• /
• 2002

I have investigated the effects of annealing on a polymeric $\alpha-C_3N_{4.2}$ at high pressure and temperature in the presence of seeds of crystalline carbon nitride films prepared by a high voltage discharge plasma. The samples were evaluated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), infrared spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction(XRD). Notably, XPS studies of the film composition before and after annealing demonstrate that the nitrogen composition in $\alpha-C_3N_{4.2}$ material initially containing more than 58% nitrogen decreases during the annealing process and reaches a common, stable composition of ~43%. XPS analysis also shows that the nitrogen composition in the annealed films without polymeric $\alpha-C_3N_{4.2}$ was reduced from 35% to 17%. Furthermore the concentration of the sp$^3$bonded phase increased with the increment of the annealing temperature.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2021

This study aims to test the relationship between the change in population size and population composition and crime changes. The analytical model includes variables representing changes in population size and population composition, three dependent variables for crime changes, and three control variables. Changes in popuvpdllation size and population composition are measured by indicators such as population size, gender, age groups, and immigrants and foreign workers, and crime changes by felonious, burglary, and violent crime volumes. The sample includes 154 cities and counties in South Korea, and the sample period is from 2010 to 2017. As a result of the analysis, I examine that the decrease in the number of young and men are likely to lead to a decline in felonious and violent crimes, but a high rate of the elderly and the increasing racial heterogeneity are likely to accelerate the fear and worries about crimes.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
• /
• v.17D no.3
• /
• pp.223-232
• /
• 2010

This study was carried out for the purpose of inquiring into the effect of composition and security activities for information security architecture on information asset protection and organizational performance in terms of general information security. This study made a survey on 300 workers in the government, public institutions and private companies, which it showed that management factors of risk identification and risk analysis, in general, have an usefulness to composition and security activities for information security architecture to prevent inside information leakage. And the understanding and training factors of IT architecture and its component were rejected, requiring the limited composition and security activities for information security architecture. In other words, from the reality, which most institutions and organizations are introducing and operating the information security architecture, and restrictively carrying out the training in this, the training for a new understanding of architecture and its component as an independent variable made so much importance, or it did not greatly contribute to the control or management activities for information security as the generalized process, but strict security activities through the generalization of risk identification and risk analysis management had a so much big effect on the significant organizational performance.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.35 no.12
• /
• pp.3509-3513
• /
• 2014

Phospholipase D (PLD) catalyzed the generation of phosphatidic acid (PA) from phosphatidylcholine (PC) at the outer layer of the vesicles prepared through layer by layer via a double emulsion technique. The generation induced a curvature change in the vesicles, which eventually led them to fuse each other. The ratio of two-fatty-acid-tail ethanolamine (PE) to one-fatty-acid-tail ethanolamine (PE) was found to acquire the condition where the mixed-phospholipid vesicles were stable identically with pure two-fatty-acid-tail PC. The effect of the outer-layer mixture on the PLD-induced vesicle fusion was investigated using the fluorescence intensity change. 8-Aminonaph-thalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid disodium salt (ANTS) and p-Xylene-bis(N-pyridinium bromide) (DPX) were encapsulated in the vesicles, respectively, for the quantification of the fusion. The fluorescence scale was calibrated with the fluorescence of a 1/1 mixture of ANTS and DPX vesicles in NaCl buffer taken as 100% fluorescence (0% fusion) and the vesicles containing both ANTS and DPX as 0% fluorescence (100% fusion), considering the leakage into the medium studied directly in a separate experiment using vesicles containing both ANTS and DPX. The fusion data for each composition were acquired with the subtraction of the leakage from the quenching. From the monitoring, the vesicle fusion caused by the PLD reaction seems dominantly to occur rather than the vesicle lysis, because the composition effect on the fusion was observed identically with that on the change in the vesicle structure. Furthermore, the diameter measurements also support the fusion dominancy.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.31-34
• /
• 2006

The experiment was conducted to determine the effects of cutting interval and cutting height on the yield and nutrient composition of hedge lucerne (Desmanthus virgatus) when grown on a sandy soil in the Northeast of Thailand. The cutting intervals compared were 30, 40 and 50 days between harvests and the cutting heights 30, 40 and 50 cm above ground level. The experiment was a $3{\times}3$ factorial layout in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications-giving a total of 36 plots each $3{\times}3m^2$. Harvested plant material was weighed, dried and the ground subsamples taken for analyses of crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), ash, ether extract (EE) and nitrogen-free extract (NFE). At the last harvest the hedge lucerne samples were separated to determine leaf to stem ratios and then analyzed for nutrient composition in the leaf and stem. Results showed that increasing the cutting interval (i.e. advancing age of maturity) increased dry matter and nutrient yields significantly. In terms of nutrient content, it also increased the crude fiber, ash, ether extract and nitrogen free extract percent in the plant. However, crude protein percent was markedly decreased as the cutting interval increased. Increasing cutting height had no effect on dry matter yield and yields of nutrients, but in terms of nutrient content, it increased crude protein and ash content, but decreased crude fiber content. The percent EE and NFE in the plant was unaffected by cutting height. From the results presented it is clear that cutting a stand of hedge lucerne every 40 to 50 days will achieve greater dry matter and nutrient yields than cutting more frequently, at 30 days. The cutting height at harvest, whether 30, 40 or 50 cm above ground level had no effect on dry matter or nutrient yields of hedge Lucerne. Hedge lucerne therefore offers the Thai poultry farmer a useful alternative protein supplement for poultry diets rather than relying on the more expensive soybean meal. As it can be readily and successfully grown on a range of soil types and climates throughout Thailand, hedge lucerne also offers the Thai farmer a valuable additional source of income.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.74-80
• /
• 2014

The objective of this study was to determine the fatty acid composition and the antiproliferative effect of extracts and fractions from Euphorbia supina. With regards the fatty acid composition, the percentages of 18:3n-3 in acetone/methylene chloride (A+M) and methanol (MeOH) extracts were 53.4 and 42.1%, respectively. Among the fractions, an 85% aqueous methanol (85% aq. MeOH) fraction contained the highest percentage of 18:3n-3. Treatments with crude extracts and fractions significantly inhibited the growth of HT-29 and AGS human cancer cell lines (p<0.05). The A+M extract showed a higher inhibitory effect on the growth of both cancer cells compared to MeOH extract. Among the fractions, the 85% aq. MeOH and n-hexane fractions exerted a greater inhibitory effect on the proliferation of both types of cancer cells. Our results suggest that 85% aq. MeOH and n-hexane fractions exert potent inhibitory effects on the proliferation of human cancer cells.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.58 no.1
• /
• pp.163-169
• /
• 2020

Synthesis of Fe-Co/meso-HZSM5 catalyst, intended to be applied in Fischer-Tropsch (FT) reaction was investigated. The study emphasized the effect of desilication agents, NaOH and KOH, on the catalyst materials properties. Impregnation composition of active metal (Fe and Co) was also examined. HZSM-5, converted from ammonium ZSM-5 through calcination, was treated with NaOH and KOH for desilication, followed by impregnation with 10% metal loading. Fe composition in the initial mixture was varied at 10-50% from total composition. After impregnation, reduction was applied by flowing hydrogen gas at 400 ℃ for 10 hours. The use of KOH solution induced greater mesoporous volumes; however, it had a detrimental effect on zeolite crystal structure. NaOH solutions, on the other hand, increased mesopore area as high as 100%, indicated from surface area increase from 266.28 m²/g of HZSM-5, to 526.03 m²/g of NaOH-desilicated HZSM-5. In addition, the application of NaOH solution increased pore volume from 0.14 cc/g to 0.486 cc/g. Further, more Fe-Co alloys and less oxide of iron (Fe₂O₃) as well cobalt (Co₃O₄) had been commonly observed in the produced catalysts. The largest Fe-Co alloys could be found in 50Fe-50Co/HZSM-5

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.32 no.8
• /
• pp.855-863
• /
• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the effect of dietary protein level throughout gestation and lactation on milk composition and on postnatal growth in infants, using rats as an animal model. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were provided with either high(25% ISP(Isolated Soy Protein)diet) or low protein diet(10% ISP diet) throughout gestation and lactation. Milk samples were taken for analysis from the lactating rats at days of 7, 14, 21, of lactation. Dams and some pups were killed after 4 weeks from parturtion (Experiment 1). Pups from dams of each diet groups were randomly selected and reared with 25% or 10% ISP diet for 4 more weeks (Experiment 2). In experiment 1, maternal protein intake and body weight gain throughout gestation and lactation was higher in 25% ISP group. Serum protein, Ca, Fe, Zn, K concentrations were significantly higher in 25% ISP group. There was no difference in birth weight between two groups, however the mean body weight at 4 weeks postpartum were significantly higher in 25% ISP group. Serum profiles of pups at weaning were similar to that of dams. Milk compositions were changed during lactation processes and were affected by dietary protein level. Lactose and Ca, Cu, Fe concentrations in milk were higher in 25% ISP group, whereas, lipid, triglyceride were higher in 10% ISP group. In experiment 2, food intake was higher in milk were higher in 25% ISP group but was unaffected by pup's dietary protein level after weaning. The weights of liver and kidney were affected by maternal protein intake. The weight of intestine was affected by pup's dietary protein level after weaning. The weight of femur and scapula were affected by maternal protein intake. There were no differences between four groups in serum profiles. Therefore, as mentioned above, it seemed that the effect of maternal protein malnutrition to fetus was able to be overcome to some extent by high protein diet intake after weaning. In conclusion, 1) Dietary protein level throughout gestation and lactation affected both nutritional status of dams and pups and milk composition: 25% ISP groups supported better nutritional status than 10% ISP group 2) It seemed that effect of dietary protein level after weaning on pups was able to be overcome the influence of maternal diet in fetus to some extent.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.388-401
• /
• 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the total digestible nutrients (TDN) level of commercial concentrates on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat composition of late fattening Hanwoo steers. A total of 28 steers were randomly assigned to one of four dietary groups; T1 (73.30% TDN), T2 (74.50% TDN), T3 (76.40% TDN), and T4 (77.10% TDN). Average daily gain (ADG) was slightly but not significantly higher in the T2 than in the other treatments. Dry matter intake (DMI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were higher in the T2 than in the other treatments; however, the differences were not statistically significant. Carcass back fat thickness was thicker in the T4 and marbling score was higher in the T2 than in the other treatments; however, the differences were not statistically significant. The TDN level of concentrates had no effect on the physicochemical characteristics and fatty acid composition of the longissimus muscle. The finding of this study indicate that less than 74% or greater than 75% TDN in the commercial concentrate did not contribute to improve ADG, FCR, marbling score; therefore, in the present study, the recommendable TDN level in the commercial concentrate for late fattening period was 74% to 75% in terms of growth performance and marbling score of Hanwoo steer.