• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2007년도 정기 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.487-492
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• 2007

The enhancement of the service life of damaged or cracked structures is a major issue for researchers and engineers. The hierarchical void element with the integrals of Legend polynomials is used to characterize the fracture behavior of unpatched crack as well as repaired crack with bonded composite patches by computing the stress intensity factors and stress contours at the crack tip. The numerical approach is based on the v-version degenerate shell element including the theory of anisotropic laminated composites. Since the equivalent single layer approach is adopted in this study, the proposed element is necessary to represent a discontinuous crack part as a continuum body with zero stiffness of materials. Thus the aspect ratio of this element to represent the crack should be extremely slender. The sensitivity of numerical solution with respect to energy release rate, displacement and stress has been tested to show the robustness of hierarchical void element as the aspect ratio is increased up to 2000. The stiffness derivative method and displacement extrapolation method have been applied to calculate the stress intensity factors of Mode I problem.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.401-415
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• 2006

Based on a non-linear model taking into account flexural-torsional couplings, analytical solutions are derived for lateral buckling of simply supported I beams under some representative load cases. A closed form is established for lateral buckling moments. It accounts for bending distribution, load height application and pre-buckling deflections. Coefficients $C_1$ and $C_2$ affected to these parameters are then derived. Regard to well known linear stability solutions, these coefficients are not constant but depend on another coefficient $k_1$ that represents the pre-buckling deflection effects. In numerical simulations, shell elements are used in mesh process. The buckling loads are achieved from solutions of eigenvalue problem and by bifurcations observed on non linear equilibrium paths. It is proved that both the buckling loads derived from linear stability and eigenvalue problem lead to poor results, especially for I sections with large flanges for which the behaviour is predominated by pre-buckling deflection and the coefficient $k_1$ is large. The proposed solutions are in good agreement with numerical bifurcations observed on non linear equilibrium paths.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.571-586
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• 2013

This paper focuses on the buckling capacity of a hybrid grid shell. The eigenvalue buckling, geometrical non-linear elastic buckling and elasto-plastic buckling analyses of the hybrid structure were carried out. Then the influences of the shape and scale of imperfections on the elasto-plastic buckling loads were discussed. Also, the effects of different structural parameters, such as the rise-to-span ratio, beam section, area and pre-stress of cables and boundary conditions, on the failure load were investigated. Based on the comparison between elastic and elasto-plastic buckling loads, the effect of material non-linearity on the stability of the hybrid barrel vault is found significant. Furthermore, the stability of a hybrid barrel vault is sensitive to the anti-symmetrical distribution of loads. It is also shown that the structures are highly imperfection sensitive which can greatly reduce their failure loads. The results also show that the support conditions pose significant effect on the elasto-plastic buckling load of a perfect hybrid structure.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2019

In the present study, the behavior of steel plate shear walls (SPSW) with variable column flexural stiffness is experimentally and numerically investigated. Altogether six one-bay one-story specimens, three moment resisting frames (MRFs) and three SPSWs, were designed, fabricated and tested. Column flexural stiffness of the first specimen pair (one MRF and one SPSW) corresponded to the value required by the design codes, while for the second and third pair it was reduced by 18% and 36%, respectively. The quasi-static cyclic test result indicate that SPSW with reduced column flexural stiffness have satisfactory performance up to 4% story drift ratio, allow development of the tension field over the entire infill panel, and cause negligible column "pull-in" deformation which indicates that prescribed minimal column flexural stiffness value, according to AISC 341-10, might be conservative. In addition, finite element (FE) pushover simulations using shell elements were developed. Such FE models can predict SPSW cyclic behavior reasonably well and can be used to conduct numerical parametric analyses. It should be mentioned that these FE models were not able to reproduce column "pull-in" deformation indicating the need for further development of FE simulations with cyclic load introduction which will be part of another paper.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.471-481
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• 2019

Beam-columns are structural members subjected to a combination of axial and bending forces. Lateral-torsional buckling is one of the main failure modes. Beam-columns that are bent about its strong axis may buckle out of the plane by deflecting laterally and twisting as the values of the applied loads reach a limiting state. Lateral-torsional buckling failure occurs suddenly in beam-column elements with a much greater in-plane bending stiffness than torsional or lateral bending stiffness. This study intends to establish a unique convenient closed-form equation that it can be used for calculating critical elastic lateral-torsional buckling load of beam-column in the presence of a known axial load. The presented equation includes first order bending distribution, the position of the loads acting transversely on the beam-column and mono-symmetry property of the section. Effects of axial loads, slenderness and load positions on lateral torsional buckling behavior of beam-columns are investigated. The proposed solutions are compared to finite element simulations where thin-walled shell elements including warping are used. Good agreement between the analytical and the numerical solutions is demonstrated. It is found out that the lateral-torsional buckling load of beam-columns with mono-symmetric sections can be determined by the presented equation and can be safely used in design procedures.

• Journal of Ceramic Processing Research
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.492-498
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• 2018

In this study, a sea shell was converted into bioceramic phases at three different sintering temperatures ($450^{\circ}C$, $850^{\circ}C$, $1000^{\circ}C$). Among the obtained bioceramic phases, a valuable ${\beta}-TCP$ was produced via mechanochemical conversion method from sea snail Turritella terebra at $1000^{\circ}C$ sintering temperature. For this reason, only the bioceramic sintered at $1000^{\circ}C$ was concentrated on and FT-IR, SEM/EDX, BET, XRD, ICP-OES analyses were carried out for the complete characterization of ${\beta}-TCP$ phase. Biodegradation test in Tris-buffer solution, bioactivity tests in simulated body fluid (SBF) and cell studies were conducted. Bioactivity test results were promising and high rate of cell viability was observed in MTT assay after 24 hours and 7 days incubation. Results demonstrated that the produced ${\beta}-TCP$ bioceramic is qualified for further consideration and experimentation with its features of pore size and ability to support bone tissue growth and cell proliferation. This study suggests an easy, economic method of nanobioceramic production.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.423-435
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• 2021

This paper examines the thermal post-buckling behaviors of graphene-reinforced metal matrix composite (GRMMC) laminated cylindrical panels which possess in-plane negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) and rest on an elastic foundation. A panel consists of GRMMC layers of piece-wise varying graphene volume fractions to obtain functionally graded (FG) patterns. Based on the MD simulation results, the GRMMCs exhibit in-plane NPR as well as temperature-dependent material properties. The governing equations for the thermal post-buckling of panels are based on the Reddy's third order shear deformation shell theory. The von Karman nonlinear strain-displacement relationship and the elastic foundation are also included. The nonlinear partial differential equations for GRMMC laminated cylindrical panels are solved by means of a singular perturbation technique in associate with a two-step perturbation approach and in the solution process the boundary layer effect is considered. The results of numerical investigations reveal that the thermal post-buckling strength for (0/90)_5T GRMMC laminated cylindrical panels can be enhanced with an FG-X pattern. The thermal post-buckling load-deflection curve of 6-layer (0/90/0)_S and (0/90)_3T panels of FG-X pattern are higher than those of 10-layer (0/90/0/90/0)_S and (0/90)_5T panels of FG-X pattern.

• 폴리머
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2010

무전해 니켈 도금법을 사용하여 단분산 폴리스티렌 입자 표면에 니켈이 도금된 고분자 코어/금속 쉘의 복합 입자를 제조하였다. 단분산 입자는 분산중합으로 제조하였는데 사용한 분산매질의 종류에 따라 다양한 크기의 단분산 폴리스티렌 입자를 제조할 수 있었다. 그 중 직경 $3.4\;{\mu}m$ 크기의 단분산 폴리스티렌 입자를 선택하여 무전해 니켈 도금을 시도하였다. 니켈 도금에 영향을 미치는 도금 조건을 파악하기 위하여 활성화제인 $PdCl_2$의 농도, 착화제인 glycine의 농도와 니켈 도금액의 투여 시간에 따른 니켈 도금된 폴리스티렌 복합 입자의 모폴로지를 관찰하였다. 본 연구조건하에서는 $PdCl_2$의 농도 0.4 g/L, glycine 농도 1 M 이상인 경우 폴리스티렌 입자 위에 균일한 두께의 니켈층을 형성하였고 석출되는 니켈도 적었다. 도금 시간 2 시간 중에서 동일양의 도금액을 투여 속도를 달리하며 도금한 경우 모폴로지 상의 뚜렷한 차이는 없었으나 0.15 mL/min 속도로 1시간 동안 투여한 경우가 상대적으로 균일한 도금 특성을 보여 주었다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2024

본 연구에서는 고용량 리튬이온배터리용 음극 소재로 탄소 코팅된 할로우 구조의 실리콘(HSi/C) 복합소재를 제조하였다. CTAB (N-Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide)이 첨가된 Stöber법을 통해 할로우 실리카(HSiO₂)를 합성하였으며, HSiO₂를 마그네슘열 환원한뒤 표면에탄소를 코팅하여 HSi/C 음극복합소재를 제조하였다. 복합소재의물리적 특성과 전기화학적 특성을 CTAB 조성에 따라 조사하였다. FE-SEM 분석 결과 CTAB 조성이 감소할수록 HSiO₂ 입자의 크기가 커졌으나 두께는 감소하였다. 제조된 HSi/C 소재는 다양한 CTAB 비율(0.5, 1.0, 1.5)에서 각각 2188.6, 2164.5, 1866.7 mAh/g의 높은 초기 방전용량을 나타내었으며, 100 사이클의 충·방전 후 0.5-HSi/C가 1171.3 mAh/g의 높은 가역 용량과 70.9%의 용량 유지율을 보여주었다. 전기화학 임피던스 분광법(Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, EIS)으로 저항 특성을 분석하였으며, 0.5-HSi/C 소재가 20 사이클 이후 다른 CTAB 조성의 HSi/C 복합소재에 비해 안정적인 저항 특성을 보이는 것을 확인하였다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.312-318
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• 2014

부영양화 호소수에 대한 국내 서식 펄조개(A. woodiana)의 유기물 제어 실험 결과, 펄조개 30개체를 대상으로 패각 크기 4.3~15.5 cm (평균 9.54 cm)에 따른 유기물 여과율은 $0.08{\sim}0.86L\;g^{-1}\;h^{-1}$, 단위 건중량당 펄조개의 여과율은 $0.09L\;g^{-1}\;h^{-1}$를 나타내었다. 펄조개의 배설물 생산량 (PF)은 $0.00{\sim}11.10mg\;g^{-1}\;h^{-1}$, 단위 건 중량당 배설물 생산량은 $0.37mg\;g^{-1}\;h^{-1}$를 나타내었다. 또한, 클로로필-a와 부유물질 제거율(RA, %)은 느린 유속에서 82.1%, 71.0% 빠른 유속에서는 65.4%, 57.5%의 제거율을 나타냈고, 반응표면분석 결과, 패각 크기는 14.3~15.6 cm, 유속은 $22{\sim}30Lh^{-1}$ 구간에서 여과율 $6.21L\;mussel^{-1}\;d^{-1}$의 최적값을 나타내었다. 또한, 배설물 생산능은 패각 크기는 14.3~16.3 cm, 유속은 $36{\sim}44Lh^{-1}$ 구간에서 배설물 생산이 $4.2mg\;g^{-1}\;d^{-1}$의 최적값을 나타내었다.