• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.21 no.11
• /
• pp.1379-1388
• /
• 2012

Odor from sewage treatment plants have the potential to cause significant annoyance and to impact the amenity. In this study, odor emission characteristics at unit process of 48 sewage treatment facilities in 39 plants were evaluated using composite odor concentration and hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$) concentration. The values of composite odor concentration (geometry mean) and $H_2S$ concentration (median) for sludge treatment processes are higher than those for the other treatment processes. The composite odor concentration and $H_2S$ concentration are distributed over a wide area in each process. Composite odor concentration (dilution ratio) was found to have the significant correlation with $H_2S$ concentration (p=0.000<0.05). The $H_2S$ concentration accounted for 67.1% of composite odor concentration.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.109-117
• /
• 2013

The removal characteristics of composite odor and malodorous substances using 33 biofilters in sewage treatment facilities were investigated. The geometry mean values of composite odor and odor quotient were reduced by 52.7% and 59.2% at the outlet of the biofilters, respectively. The removal efficiencies of the biofiltes for the composite odor and odor quotient show a significant difference statistically(p=0.000<0.05). The median value of odor quotient of sulfur compounds was reduced by 69.1% at the outlet of the biofilter and the odor quotient of the sulfur compound at the inlet and outlet of the biofilter shows a significant difference statistically(p=0.000<0.05); on the other hand, those of the $NH_3$ and trimethylamine, aldehydes, VOCs and alcohols, organic acids do not.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.315-324
• /
• 2014

The residents' odor complaint is steadily increasing by odor causing from sewage system. A current drainage facilities and septic tank are included in the individual sewerage according to Sewerage Act. However, definitions and legal standards of drainage tank are insufficient. In addition, specifications and maintenance standards related to structure and size are not established. In this research, effect of drainage tank in individual sewage facilities on the odor occurrence was studied and the concentrations of $H_2S$ and composite odor were measured. From the measurements, the concentration of $H_2S$ and composite odor were 1 ppm ~ 5 ppm and 1.04 OU ~ 4.05 OU, respectively, before pump operation. Also, the concentration of $H_2S$ and composite odor were 5 ppm ~ 33 ppm and 5.10 OU ~ 35.04 OU, respectively, after pump operation. The concentration of SS in the effluent from drainage tank was ranged from 840 mg/L to 1,980 mg/L. These high concentration of SS seemed to be the major source of foul smell when high concentrated suspended solids in the public sewerage system were decomposed and then emitted. In this research, correlation coefficient ($R^2$) between $H_2S$ and composite odor before and after pumping were 0.925 and 0.918, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.10 no.10
• /
• pp.2779-2785
• /
• 2009

Among the livestock, chickens are raised because of the merit ingested protein in low-priced cost of production and are primary livestock increased the consumption of meat. The factors of influencing condition, odor is the most important factor. Odor substances are ammonia, amines, hydrogen sulfide and mercaptan which come from night soil. Livestock are prevented from rearing by means of these odor substances. Though the henhouse is heated using hot air type heater in the winter season, it is ventilated for the control of odor because of the increase of odor concentration. In the present work, composite catalytic system combined the existing facilities(hot air type heater) with catalytic system was developed, it could controled odor and hazardous gas using the oxidation/reduction reaction without extra operating cost. Moreover, the purpose of this work is to develop the catalysts which are cost competitive and can maximize energy efficiency. The catalysts are noble metal(Pt-Rh) and composite transition metal(Mn) type.

• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.51-56
• /
• 2022

Purpose: By applying an ultrasonic mechanical device to the liquid fertilizer storage in the pig dropping treatment plant, the initial odor of the odor source is reduced, and the air dilution drainage of the complex odor is fundamentally recognized to facilitate odor treatment on the mechanical and chemical biological treatment devices at the rear. Research design, data and methodology: The odor concentration on the site boundary was measured to confirm the state of reduction. In order to prevent the spread of odor from the collection of the pig dropping treatment plant, it was measured by installing an ultrasonic generator inside the installation wall after installing the sealing wall. Results: The average value of the March and April measurement data remained close to neutral at 8.2 after 8.6 treatment before pH treatment, decreased 97.3% from 462 mg/L before SS treatment to 10.5 mg/L after treatment, and the composite odor was reduced by 85% from 20 to 3 before treatment. It was confirmed that ammonia (NH3) was reduced by 99% from 5.8 ppm to 0.09 ppm, and general bacteria were also reduced by 99% from 3,200 CFU/mL to 57 CFU/mL Conclusion: Applying the ultrasonic air ejector hybrid system and zigzag air complex module development product to resource circulation centers or sewage treatment facilities is thought to reduce inconvenience to residents due to odors caused.

• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.21-27
• /
• 2022

Purpose: This study is about photocatalytic technology and plasma oxidation-reduction technology. To the main cause of exposure to odor pollution, two deodorization techniques were applied to develop a module with higher removal efficiency and ozone reduction effect. Research design, data and methodology: A composite module was constructed by arranging two types of dry deodorization equipment (catalyst, adsorbent) in one module. This method was designed to increase the responsiveness to the components of complex odors and the environment. standard, unity, two types of oxidizing photo-catalyst technology and plasma dry deodorization device installed in one module to increase the potential by reduction to 76% of ozone, 100%, and 82%. Results: The complex odor disposal efficiency was 92%. Ammonia was processed with 50% hydrogen sulfide and 100% hydrogen sulfide, and ozone was 0.01ppm, achieving a target value of 0.07ppm or less. The combined odor showed a disposal efficiency of 93%, ammonia was 82% and hydrogen sulfide was 100% processed, and ozone achieved a target value of 0.07 ppm or less. Conclusions: Ozone removal efficiency was 76% by increasing Oxidation-Reduction Reaction(ORR). The H2S removal efficiency of the deodorizer was higher than that of the biofilter system currently used in sewage disposal plants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.128-134
• /
• 2014

To develop a crab-like flavorant from snow crab cooker effluent (SCCE, $20^{\circ}Brix$), optimal reaction conditions were determined using response surface methodology (RSM) combined with reaction flavoring technology (RFT). Using five variables (proline, glycine, arginine, methionine, fructose), RSM based on a five-level central composite design was applied to evaluate sensory acceptance (odor, taste, and overall acceptance) as dependent variables. A model equation obtained from RSM showed 0.88 of R-square for odor, 0.90 for taste, and 0.95 for overall acceptance with 0.07 lack of fit in overall acceptance (P<0.05). Odor score (predicted value) was 7.21 in the saddle point. Optimal flavoring conditions for making a crab-like flavorant were as follows: addition of 0.29 g of proline, 0.63 g of glycine, 0.61 g of arginine, 0.02 g of methionine, and 1.07 g% (w/v) of fructose into SCCE with RFT (90 min at $130^{\circ}C$). Odor score obtained under optimal conditions was 7.56, which was higher than the predicted value.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.645-650
• /
• 2005

To reduce ammonia-like odor in chondroitin sulfate, longnose skate (Rasa rhina) cartilage was processed by washing, autoclaving, and alkali pretreatments. Content of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), index of ammonia-like odor, of raw skate cartilage without pretreatment was 254 mg/100 g, whereas those of skate cartilage pretreated with washing and autoclaving increased to 630 and 636 mg/100 g, respectively. TVB-N of skate cartilage pretreated with sodium hydroxide sharply decreased to 15 mg/l00 g at optimal condition of 0.12 M and 3.6 volume of NaOH, as determined by surface response methodology of central composite design for optimization. Alkali pretreatment resulted in 97.6% deodorizing. Washing and autoclaving pretreatments had almost no effect on the yield of chondroitin sulfate (approximately 30%), whereas decreased to 16.0% after alkali pretreatment, showing chondroitin sulfate of skate cartilage as chondroitin sulfate C.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.9-14
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study is to predict VOCs emission rates from multi-layers materials, which are composed of single-layer materials having various VOCs emission rates, by using effective diffusion coefficients of the single-layer materials. The study was consisted of two parts; the one is the prediction of VOCs emission rates from multi-layer materials through numerical methods. The other is the measurement of VOCs emissions rates of wall composite and floor composite in Mock-up rooms for comparing the prediction and the experiments' values. The results of the study show that the short-term VOCs emission rates of multi-layers materials can be predicted from the effective diffusion coefficients of single materials in odor accuracy.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.6-14
• /
• 1981

In an attempt to make dried noodles with composite flours utilizing rice and wheat flours, noodle-making characteristics were improved by the addition of popped rice and wheat flours to rice flour. Their quality was studied in terms of physical properties, noodle-making characteristics, cooking quality test and sensory evaluation. Dried noodle of the composite flour was produced by the conventional method. The results are summerized as follows; 1. In comparing the composite flours, the rice flour containing 30% popped rice flour had a lower maximum viscosity than that with 40% popped rice flour by method of amylograph. The composite flour(20% rice+30% popped rice+50% wheat flour) with added 2% xanthan gum showed the viscosity characteristics which was similar to that of wheat flour. 2. Addition of $1.5{\sim}2.0%$ xanthan gum and $40{\sim}50%$ wheat flour to rice and popped rice flour mixture helped to improve the noodle making properties and the cooking quality, and the noodle making properties and the cooking quality of the mixed flour were almost the same as those of wheat flour alone. 3. The composite flour (rice+popped rice+wheat flour) with xanthan gum showed a higher score in sensory evaluation than that without xanthan gum. The general acceptability scores obtained with the noodle products made of the composite flours with 30% popped rice flour was not significantly different from that of noodle products made of wheat flour alone. However, the noodle products made of the composite flours showed rather higher scores in odor and palatability than the products made of wheat flour alone.