• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2015

The impact beam, a beam-shaped reinforcement installed horizontally between the inside and outside panels of car doors, is gaining importance as a solution to meet the regulations on side collision of vehicles. In order to minimize pelvis injury which is the biggest injury happening to the driver and passengers when a vehicle is subject to side collision, energy absorption at the door impact beam should be maximized. For the inner panel, the thrust into the inside of the vehicle must be minimized. The impact beam should be as light as possible so that the extent of pelvis injury to the driver and passenger during side collision of the vehicle is minimal. To achieve this, the weight of the impact beam, has to be optimized. In this study, we perform a design analysis with a goal to reduce the weight of the current impact design by 30% while ensuring stability, reliability, and comparison data of the impact beam for mass production. We conduct three-point bending stress experiments on conventional impact beams and analyze the results. In addition, we use a side-door collision test apparatus to test the performance of beams made of three (different materials: steel, aluminum, and composite beams).

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.505-521
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• 2017

The steel plate shear wall with beam-only connected infill plate (SSW-BO) is an innovative lateral load resisting system consisting of infill plates connected to surrounding beams and separated from the main columns. In this research, the effects of perforation diameter as well as slenderness ratios of infill plates on the hysteresis behavior of SSW-BO systems were studied experimentally. Experimental testing is performed on eight one-sixth scaled one-story SSW-BO specimens with two plate thicknesses and four different circular opening ratios at the center of the panels under fully reversed cyclic quasi-static loading in compliance with the SAC test protocol. Strength, stiffness, ductility and energy absorption were evaluated based on the hysteresis loops. It is found that the systems exhibited stable hysteretic behavior during testing until significant damage in the connection of infill plates to surrounding beams at large drifts. It is also seen that pinching occurred in the hysteresis loops, since the hinge type connections were used as boundaries at four corners of surrounding frames. The strength and initial stiffness degradation of the perforated specimens containing opening ratio of 0.36 compared to the solid one is in the range of 20% to 30% and 40% to 50%, respectively.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제12권4호통권47호
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• pp.445-455
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• 2000

본 연구는 최근의 건설 환경 변화에 따른 여러 가지 제문제점들에 대한 구조적 측면에서의 대응책의 하나로서 새로운 구조 시스템 전개를 위해 이종구조부재로 구성된 보기둥 접합부 모델을 제안한 것이다. 본 연구에서는 장스팬 S보의 강성을 향상시키기 위해 S조의 단부를 RC조로 보강하여 강성 및 내력증대를 꾀하였으며, 이종구조 사이의 원활한 응력 전달을 목적으로 SRC조 단부의 보 주근은 U자형 갈고리 모양으로 정착하여 철골 플랜지에 용접 접합하였다. 일련의 실험을 통해 접합부 강성 및 내력 특성을 고찰하였고 본 접합부의 가능성을 제시하였다.

• 공업화학
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.979-984
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• 1997

폴리머 혼화제로서 styrene-butadiene rubber(SBR)라텍스, ethylene-vinyl acetate(EVA)에멀젼 및 polyacrylic ester(PAE)에멀젼을 사용하여 동일한 스럼프에서 폴리머-시멘트비를 변화시켜 공시체를 제조하여, 압축과 휨강도시험, 흡수시험, 세공분포측정 및 미세구조 관찰 등을 실시하였다. 그 결과 폴리머-시멘트비의 증가와 더불어 압축과 휨강도 모두 향상되었고, 동해에 큰 영향을 주는 모세관 공극범위의 세공량은 감소되었으며, 폴리머 시멘트비 15wt% 이상에서 연속적인 폴리머필름이 형성되었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.127-133
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• 2001

There are several factors affecting the effectiveness of polymerization of the esthetic restorative materials. Among those factors, the initiator. camphoroquinone has the unique characteristic. of which the light sensitivity is very dependent on the wavelength of blue light. Camphoroquinone shows the most light absorption ability in the wavelength range of 470nm. So most of clinically used light curing systems adopt this phenomenon as their polymerization mechanism. The most popular way of light curing system is standard 40 second curing. But the problem of standard curing technique shows the rapid increase of resin viscosity followed by the acceleration of polymerization and the limited resin flow, resulted in reduction of the physicalproperty of restoration by retained stress. The object of this study was to verify the effects of narrow-banded wavelength on the microhardness of the esthetic restorative materials. a composite resin and a compomer, using filters which have peak wave length of 430nm, 450nm, 470nm, respectively. The results were as follows: 1. All the experimental groups showed lower hardness value than the control group. 2. In DyractAP, the hardness value by wavelength showed the same changing pattern on both upper and lower surfaces. 3. In DenFil, the hardness value by wavelength showed different changing pattern on upper and lower surfaces. 4. The hardness ratio showed similar pattern to the hardness variation of lower surface. but there was no significant difference between measurement in 10 minutes and 3 days later, besides the increase of hardness value.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2005

콘크리트 구조물은 다양한 요인으로 인하여 골재노출, 탈락, 표면박리, 균열발생, 철근노출 및 부식, 강도저하, 염소이온침투, 공극률 증가, 팽창 및 수축 등과 같은 여러가지 열화현상이 나타나는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 특히 상$\cdot$하수도 시설을 포함한 수처리 구조물의 경우에는 일반적인 콘크리트 구조물보다 더욱 가혹한 환경에 노출되어있기 때문에 콘크리트의 열화는 더욱 심하다고 볼 수 있다. 본 연구는 시멘트 혼입 폴리머와 에폭시수지를 복합한 내균열성 방수$\cdot$방식재를 이용한 콘크리트구조물용 방수$\cdot$방식공법을 개발하여 실용화하는데 목적이 있다. 콘크리트구조물용 방수$\cdot$방식공법의 평가를 위하여 흡수 및 투수성, 부착성, 인장강도, 내잔갈림성, 내충격성, 냉온반복성능, 내화학성능, 음용수 용출성 등 방수$\cdot$방식재에 요구되는 성능을 평가하였다. 그 결과 KS의 규격에서 규정하는 성능기준을 모두 만족하는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 부착성능이 우수한 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 본 탄성층을 보완한 방수$\cdot$방식공법의 적용에 의해서 최대 1.49mm까지의 균열에 대하여 저항성이 있는 것으로 평가되어 내균열성 측면에서 높은 성능을 확보하고 있는 것으로 평가되었다.

• Composites Research
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2006

첨단 전자무기체계의 지속적인 발전으로 인하여 현대전의 승패는 적 레이더 탐지의 회피에 크게 좌우된다고 할 수 있다. 반사되는 레이더의 탐지신호를 최소화시키기 위한 다양한 연구가 수행되어 왔는데, 본 연구에서는 뛰어난 기계적, 전자기적 물성으로 응용분야가 지속적으로 확대되고 있는 섬유강화 복합재료를 이용하여 레이더 전자파 흡수체(Radar absorbing structure, RAS)를 제작하고 레이더 단면적(Radar cross section, RCS)을 평가하였다 유리섬유 복합재에 뛰어난 유전적 특성을 지닌 나노 크기의 카본블랙(Carbon-black)을 첨가하여 흡수층을 구성하고, 반사특성이 탁월한 탄소섬유 복합재를 후면의 반사층으로 배치하여 "C" 및 "U" 형상의 하이브리드 복합재 RAS 겔을 제작하였다. RAS 쉘의 제작간 서로 다른 두 재료의 열적물성치 차이로 스프링 백이라 불리는 변형이 발생하였는데, 금형의 굽힘각도 제어를 통하여 효과적으로 보정할 수 있었다. 또한 상용 유한요소해석 프로그램인 ANSYS를 이용하여 스프링 백 보정 결과를 예측하고 실험결과와 비교하였다. 제작된 RAS쉘의 RCS는 근사적 계산기법인 물리광학법을 이용하여 예측하고 컴팩트 레인지(Compact range)를 이용하여 측정한 실힘결과와 비교하였다 두가지 형상의 RCS 모두 측정결과와 예측된 RCS 값이 일치하며 우수한 레이더 전자파 흡수 특성을 지닌 것을 확인하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.175-191
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• 2020

In this article, for the first time, the seismic behavior of elliptic-braced moment resisting frame (ELBRF) is assessed through a laboratory program and numerical analyses of FEM specifically focused on the development of global- and local-type failure mechanisms. The ELBRF as a new lateral braced system, when installed in the middle bay of the frames in the facade of a building, not only causes no problem to the opening space of the facade, but also improves the structural behavior. Quantitative and qualitative investigations were pursued to find out how elliptic braces would affect the failure mechanism of ELBRF structures exposed to seismic action as a nonlinear process. To this aim, an experimental test of a ½ scale single-story single-bay ELBRF specimen under cyclic quasi-static loading was run and the results were compared with those for X-bracing, knee-bracing, K-bracing, and diamond-bracing systems in a story base model. Nonlinear FEM analyses were carried out to evaluate failure mechanism, yield order of components, distribution of plasticity, degradation of structural nonlinear stiffness, distribution of internal forces, and energy dissipation capacity. The test results indicated that the yield of elliptic braces would delay the failure mode of adjacent elliptic columns and thus, help tolerate a significant nonlinear deformation to the point of ultimate failure. Symmetrical behavior, high energy absorption, appropriate stiffness, and high ductility in comparison with the conventional systems are some of the advantages of the proposed system.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.409-423
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• 2022

Nowadays, there is a high demand for great structural implementation and multifunctionality with excellent mechanical properties. The porous structures reinforced by graphene platelets (GPLs) having valuable properties, such as heat resistance, lightweight, and excellent energy absorption, have been considerably used in different engineering implementations. However, stiffness of porous structures reduces significantly, due to the internal cavities, by adding GPLs into porous medium, effective mechanical properties of the porous structure considerably enhance. This paper is relating to vibration analysis of fluidconveying cantilever porous graphene platelet reinforced (GPLR) pipe with fractional viscoelastic model resting on foundations. A dynamical model of cantilever porous GPLR pipes conveying fluid and resting on a foundation is proposed, and the vibration, natural frequencies and primary resonant of such a system are explored. The pipe body is considered to be composed of GPLR viscoelastic polymeric pipe with porosity in which Halpin-Tsai scheme in conjunction with the fractional viscoelastic model is used to govern the construction relation of nanocomposite pipe. Three different porosity distributions through the pipe thickness are introduced. The harmonic concentrated force is also applied to the pipe and the excitation frequency is close to the first natural frequency. The governing equation for transverse motions of the pipe is derived by the Hamilton principle and then discretized by the Galerkin procedure. In order to obtain the frequency-response equation, the differential equation is solved with the assumption of small displacement, damping coefficient, and excitation amplitude by the multiple scale method. A parametric sensitivity analysis is carried out to reveal the influence of different parameters, such as nanocomposite pipe properties, fluid velocity and nonlinear viscoelastic foundation coefficients, on the primary resonance and linear natural frequency. Results indicate that the GPLs weight fraction porosity coefficient, fractional derivative order and the retardation time have substantial influences on the dynamic response of the system.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1658-1663
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• 2015

실내의 습도제어를 위하여 공조기 내에는 가습소자가 설치된다. 지금까지 대부분의 가습소자는 유리섬유로 만들어진 외제품이 널리 사용되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 이 외제품을 대체할 셀룰로오스와 PET 복합체로 만들어진 가습소자를 개발하고 유리섬유로 만들어진 Glasdek 소자의 성능과 비교하였다. 시험은 소자를 항온항습실 내에 설치된 흡입식 풍동입구에 설치하고 물질전달량과 압력손실을 측정하였다. 실험결과를 $j_m$과 f인자로 나타내었을 때, 개발품의 $j_m$값이 33%~39%크고, f인자는 개발품이 0%~51% 작게 나타났다. Glasdek에 비하여 개발품의 $j_m$값이 큰 이유는 흡수도가 월등히(50% 가량) 크기 때문이고 f인자가 작은 이유는 소자 표면이 확연히 매끄럽기 때문이다. 한편, 동일 소비동력 대비 물질전달을 나타내는 $j_m/f^{1/3}$ 의 경우, 개발품이 약 36~63% 크게 나타났다.