• Composites Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 2024

This review paper investigates the use of shockwave attenuating materials within composite structures to enhance personnel protection against blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI). This paper also introduces experimental methodologies exploited in the generation and measurement of shockwaves to evaluate the performance of the shock dissipating composites. The generation of shockwaves is elucidated through diverse approaches such as high-energy explosives, shock tubes, lasers, and laser-flyer techniques. Evaluation of shockwave propagation and attenuation involves the utilization of cutting-edge techniques, including piezoelectric, interferometer, electromagnetic induction, and streak camera methods. This paper investigates phase-separated materials, including polyurea and ionic liquids, and provides insight into composite structures in the quest for shockwave pressure attenuation. By synthesizing and analyzing the findings from these experimental approaches, this review aims to contribute valuable insights to the advancement of protective measures against blast-induced traumatic brain injuries.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.108-113
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• 2005

Strucutral and hygrothermal analysis for a composite tube is carried out in this study, that provides critical parameters for the design of a highly dimensionally stable space telescope. Carpet plots for laminate effective engineering constants are generated and used for the best tube lay-ups with high elastic modulus and highly insensitive to thermal and moisture expansion, which is essential for maintaining optical alignment of opto-mechanical system under random force applied during a launch campaign and orbital thermal load. Despace in the longitudinal direction under hygrothermal load of the tubes constructed with the selected lay-ups is calculated for the validation of lay-up designs on the dimensionalstability. Dynamic analysis is also carried out to feature the resonant behaviour. A zig-zag triangular element accurately representing through thickness stress variations for laminated structures is developed in this study and incorporated into the structural and hygrothermal analysis.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.83-103
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• 2014

The objective of this research is to study the ultimate moment capacity of the connections between steel I-beams and concrete-filled steel tube columns using different stiffener configurations. The main parameters considered are column cross section shape, square or circular, and filling the column with concrete. This analytical study includes finite element models using ANSYS program taking geometric and material nonlinearities into consideration. These models are verified against the experimental results obtained from previous researches and current design guides. The results show that using proper stiffener configuration affects the stress distribution through the connection and increases the ultimate moment capacity of the connections. Also, circular column is advantageous than the square column for all stiffener configurations and dimensions.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.303-321
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• 2016

Tubular column members have been widely adopted in current construction due to its numerous advantages. However, the closed-section profile characteristics of tubular columns severely limit the connection possibilities. Welding type is acceptable but discouraged because of on-site issues. Blind-bolted connection is preferable because of its simplicity, economic benefit, and easy assembly. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review on bolted connections to tubular columns for bare steel tubes, including square and circular sections. Available studies on bolted connections at ambient and elevated temperatures are reviewed, but emphasis is given on the latter. Various methods of determining the connection performance through experimental, analytical, component based, and finite element approaches are examined. Future research areas are also identified.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.778-781
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• 2004

This paper summarizes the results of push-out test specimens with a new type of shear connector called ㄱ type perfobond rib. This connector is a flat steel plate with a number of holes punched through and strengthen rib's head part. According to experiment result, ㄱ type perfobond rib shear connector appeared that resistance force is increased than stud shear connector by $108\%$ and perfobond rib shear connector by $26\%$. The results obtained indicate that the perfobond rib connector is a viable alternative to the headed studs. An appreciable improvement in the shear capacity of the connection was observed when additional reinforcing bars were passed through the perfobond rib holes. For composite beams with concrete filled steel tubes, ㄱ type perfobond shear connectors exhibit adequate ductility and substantially higher capacities.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.41-55
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• 2013

This paper presents a numerical study of axially loaded concrete-filled steel tubular columns with "T" shaped cross section (CFTTS) based on the ABAQUS standard solver. Two types of columns with "T" shaped cross section, the common concrete-filled steel tubular columns with "T" shaped cross section (CCFTTS) and the double concrete-filled steel tubular columns with "T" shaped cross section (DCFTTS), are discussed. The failure modes, confining effects and load-displacement curves are analyzed. The numerical results indicate that both have the similar failure mode that the steel tubes are only outward buckling on all columns' faces. It is found that DCFTTS columns have higher axial capacities than CCFTTS ones duo to the steel tube of DCFTTS columns can plays more significant confining effect on concrete. A parametric study, including influence of tube thickness, concrete strength and friction coefficient of tube-concrete interface on the axial capacities is also carried out. Simplified formulae were also proposed based on this study.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.437-449
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• 2012

Concrete filled steel tube (CFST) structures have recently seen wide use in China, but studies of the shear problem of CFST are inadequate. This paper presents an experimental study on the shear capacity of circular concrete filled steel tube (CCFT) specimens with and without axial compression force. Shear capacity, ductility, and damage modes of CCFTs were investigated and compared. Test results revealed the following: 1) CCFTs with a small shear span ratio may fail in shear in a ductile manner; 2) Several factors including section size, material properties, shear span ratio, axial compression ratio, and confinement index affect the shear capacity of CCFTs. Based on test results and analysis, this paper proposes a design formula for the shear capacity of CCFTs.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.423-436
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• 2012

In this study total of six buckling-restrained braces (BRBs) were manufactured using a square steel rod as a load-resisting core member and a hollow steel tube as restrainer to prevent global buckling of the core. The gap between the core and the tube was filled with steel rods as filler material. The performances of the proposed BRB from uniaxial and subassemblage tests were compared with those of the specimens filled with mortar. The test results showed that the performance of the BRB with discontinuous steel rods as filler material was not satisfactory, whereas the BRBs with continuous steel rods as filler material showed good performance when the external tubes were strong enough against buckling. It was observed that the buckling strength of the external tube of the BRBs filled with steel rods needs to be at least twice as high as that of the BRBs filled with mortar to ensure high cumulative plastic deformation of the BRB.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.517-533
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• 2014

Experimental results of 39 specimens including concrete columns, RC columns, hollow steel tube columns, concrete filled steel tubular (CFT) columns, and reinforced concrete filled steel tubular (RCFT) columns are presented. Based on the experimental results, the load-carrying capacity, confined effect, ductility, and failure mode of test columns are investigated. The effects of the main factors such as width-thickness ratio (the ratio of external diameter and wall thickness for steel tubes), concrete strength, steel tube with or without rib, and arrangement of reinforcing bars on the mechanical characteristics of columns are discussed as well. The differences between CFT and RCFT are compared. As a result, it is thought that strength, rigidity and ductility of RCFT are improved; especially strength and ductility are improved after the peak of load-displacement curve.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.418-421
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• 2006

Appropriate analysis models for concrete-filled steel tube (CFT) subjected to bending moment were determined to assess flexural behavior of CFT member. Applying this model, finite element analyses was performed and compared against experimental data considering the compressive strength of in-filling material and the composite action between tube shell and in-filling core. Analysis results showed that the FE model proposed in this study is feasible for the analytical investigation of the flexural behavior of CFT member according to loading conditions, effect of compressive strength of various core materials and other design parameters.