• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제85권3호
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• pp.682-690
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• 2024

급성 괴사성 뇌병증은 바이러스 감염의 드문 면역 매개 합병증이다. 일반적으로 양쪽 시상을 침범하며, 주로 어린이에서 보고된다. 저자들은 소아에서 발생한 코로나바이러스감염증과 관련된 급성 괴사성 뇌병증 2건을 보고하고자 한다. 7세 여아는 발열과 의식변화, 6세 여아는 발열과 전신성 간질로 내원하였다. 뇌 MRI에서 두 환자 모두 양쪽 시상에 중심부 출혈을 동반한 대칭적인 액체감쇠역전회 고신호강도 병변이 보였고, 한 환자에서는 겉보기확산계수에서 시상에 층상 병변이 보였다. 저자들은 이 보고를 통해 급성 괴사성 뇌병증의 특징적인 뇌 MRI 영상 소견을 인지함으로써 심각한 신경학적 증상을 나타내는 코로나바이러스감염증 환자의 경우 특히 소아에서 영상 소견을 바탕으로 한 빠른 진단이 필요함을 강조하고자 한다. 또한, 급성 괴사성 뇌병증을 시사하는 양측 시상의 출혈성 괴사로 나타났던 코로나바이러스 감염 증례에 대한 문헌을 검토하고자 한다.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제85권2호
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• pp.363-371
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• 2024

목적 급성 담낭염은 간동맥 화학 색전술 후에 발생하는 비교적 드물지 않게 발생하는 합병증이며, 대부분 수술적 혹은 중재적 치료 없이 호전된다. 간동맥 화학 색전술 직후에 촬영한 cone beam CT 소견을 이용하여, 수술적 혹은 중재적 치료를 필요로 하는 담낭염의 발생률과 위험인자를 분석하고자 하였다. 대상과 방법 본 연구에서는 6년 동안 시행된 2633건의 간동맥 화학 색전술에 대해 후향적으로 분석하였다. 그중 시술 직후에 촬영한 cone beam CT에서 담낭에 색전 물질이 남아 있는 120명을 선택하여 급성 담낭염의 발생률과 위험인자에 대해 분석하였다. 결과 수술적 혹은 중재적 치료를 필요로 하는 담낭염의 전체 발생률은 0.45%였다. 색전 물질이 남아 있는 환자들 중에서는 10%에서 담낭염이 발생했다. 담낭염이 발생한 12명 중 8명은 담낭동맥의 색전술을 받은 환자들이었다. 결론 대부분의 담낭의 색전물질 침적은 추가적인 치료를 필요로 하지 않고 호전되지만, 담낭동맥의 색전술을 받은 경우에는 담낭염의 발생률이 높아 면밀한 모니터링이 필요하다.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제84권3호
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• pp.705-712
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• 2023

총대퇴동맥의 가성동맥류는 시술 후 천자 부위에 발생할 수 있는 심각한 합병증이다. 양측 총대퇴동맥에 동시에 발생한 가성동맥류는 매우 드물게 보고되었다. 저자들은 양측 총대퇴동맥 접근하에 하지혈관 시술을 한 58세 남자 환자에서, 시술 후 양측 서혜부 연조직염 및 농양이 생겨 치료하였는데 2개월 후 같은 위치에 가성동맥류가 발견된 증례를 경험하였다. 환자의 수술 거부로 좌측 가성동맥류는 스텐트 그라프트를 삽입하였고 우측 가성동맥류는 풍선확장술로 총대퇴동맥을 일시적으로 폐쇄한 후 초음파 유도하에 트롬빈을 주입하여 치료하였다. 가성동맥류는 대부분 시술 후 즉시 발생한다. 그러나 수주 혹은 수개월 후 지연성으로 발생하는 경우도 있기에 위험인자를 잘 확인하고 지혈 부위의 주의 깊은 관찰이 필요하다.

• 한국간담췌외과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2024

Backgrounds/Aims: Hepatolithiasis and choledocholithiasis are frequent pathologies and unfortunately, with the current treatment strategies, the recurrence incidence is still high. This study aimed to assess the outcomes of laparoscopic choledochotomy using cholangioscopy via the percutaneous-choledochal tube for the treatment of hepatolithiasis and choledocholithiasis in Vietnamese patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study of patients with hepatolithiasis and/or choledocholithiasis who underwent laparoscopic choledochotomy using intraoperative cholangioscopy via percutaneous-choledochal tube at the Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, 108 Military Central Hospital, from June 2017 to March 2020. Results: A total of 84 patients were analyzed. Most patients were females (56.0%) with a median age of 55.56 years. Among them, 41.8% of patients had previous abdominal operations, with 33.4% having choledochotomy. All patients underwent successful laparoscopic common bile duct exploration followed by T-tube drainage without needing to convert to open surgery. Most patients (64.3%) had both intrahepatic and extrahepatic stones. The rate of stones ≥ 10 mm in diameter was 64.3%. Biliary strictures were observed in 19.1% of patients during cholangioscopy. Complete removal of stones was achieved in 54.8% of patients. Intraoperative complications were encountered in two patients, but there was no need to change the strategy. The mean operating time was 121.85 ± 30.47 minutes. The early postoperative complication rate was 9.6%, and all patients were managed conservatively. The residual stones were removed through the T-tube tract by subsequent choledochoscopy in 34/38 patients, so the total success rate was 95.2%. Conclusions: Laparoscopic choledochotomy combined with cholangioscopy through the percutaneous-choledochal tube is a safe and effective strategy for hepatolithiasis and/or choledocholithiasis, even in patients with a previous choledochotomy.

• 한국간담췌외과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.355-362
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• 2022

Backgrounds/Aims: Postoperative fluid collection is a common complication of pancreatic resection without clear management guidelines. This study aimed to compare outcomes of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided trans-gastric drainage and percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) in patients who experienced this adverse event after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Methods: Demographic and clinical data and intervention outcomes of 53 patients who underwent drainage procedure (EUS-guided, n = 32; PCD, n = 21) for fluid collection after PD between January 2015 and June 2019 in our tertiary referral center were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Prior to drainage, 83.0% had leukocytosis and 92.5% presented with one or more of the following signs or symptoms: fever (69.8%), abdominal pain (69.8%), and nausea/vomiting (17.0%). Within 8 weeks of drainage, 77.4% showed a diameter decrease of more than 50% (87.5% in EUS vs. 66.7% in PCD, p = 0.09). Post-procedural intravenous antibiotics were used for an average of 8.1 ± 4.3 days and 12.4 ± 7.4 days for EUS group and PCD group, respectively (p = 0.01). The EUS group had a shorter post-procedural hospital stay than the PCD group (9.8 ± 1.1 vs. 15.8 ± 2.2 days, p < 0.01). However, the two groups showed no statistically significant difference in technical or clinical success rate, reintervention rate, or adverse event rate. Conclusions: EUS-guided drainage and PCD are both safe and effective methods for managing fluid collection after PD. However, EUS-guided drainage can shorten hospital stay and duration of intravenous antibiotics use.

• Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.263-275
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• 2022

BACKGROUND: Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is a complication beyond the first-year post-heart transplantation (HTx). We aimed to test the utility of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) to detect functional/structural changes in HTx recipients with CAV. METHODS: Seventy-seven prospectively recruited HTx recipients beyond the first-year post-HTx and 18 healthy controls underwent CMR, including cine imaging of ventricular function and T1- and T2-mapping to assess myocardial tissue changes. Data analysis included quantification of global cardiac function and regional T2, T1 and extracellular volume based on the 16-segment model. International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation criteria was used to adjudicate CAV grade (0-3) based on coronary angiography. RESULTS: The majority of HTx recipients (73%) presented with CAV (1: n = 42, 2/3: n = 14, 0: n = 21). Global and segmental T2 (49.5 ± 3.4 ms vs 50.6 ± 3.4 ms, p < 0.001;16/16 segments) were significantly elevated in CAV-0 compared to controls. When comparing CAV-2/3 to CAV-1, global and segmental T2 were significantly increased (53.6 ± 3.2 ms vs. 50.6 ± 2.9 ms, p < 0.001; 16/16 segments) and left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly decreased (54 ± 9% vs. 59 ± 9%, p < 0.05). No global, structural, or functional differences were seen between CAV-0 and CAV-1. CONCLUSIONS: Transplanted hearts display functional and structural alteration compared to native hearts, even in those without evidence of macrovasculopathy (CAV-0). In addition, CMR tissue parameters were sensitive to changes in CAV-1 vs. 2/3 (mild vs. moderate/severe). Further studies are warranted to evaluate the diagnostic value of CMR for the detection and classification of CAV.

• 한국간담췌외과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.84-90
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• 2022

Backgrounds/Aims: Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) remains a dreadful complication. Duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy (DTMPJ) is a commonly performed anastomosis after PD. This study aims to evaluate whether there is a size limit of pancreatic duct below which POPF rate increases significantly after DTMPJ. Methods: A retrospective study was performed from a database with prospectively collected data on consecutive patients undergoing DTMPJ. Results: Between the years 2003 and 2019, a total of 288 patients with DTMPJ were recruited. POPF occurred in 56.3% of the patients, of which 43.8% were biochemical leak, 8.7% were grade B, and 1.4% were grade C. Overall operative morbidity was 51.4%, of which 19.1% were major complications. Five patients (1.7%) died within 90 days of operation. Patients with grade B/C POPF had significantly soft pancreas (p < 0.001), smaller duct size (p = 0.031), and a diagnosis of carcinoma of the pancreas (p = 0.027). When a clinically significant POPF rate was analysed based on the pancreatic duct diameter, pancreatic duct size ≤ 1 mm had the highest POPF rate (35.7%). There was a significant difference in POPF rate between adjacent ductal diameter ≤ 1 mm and > 1 mm to 2 mm (35.7% vs 13.3%; p = 0.040). Multivariable analysis showed that for the soft pancreas, pancreatic duct diameter ≤ 1 mm was the only significant predictive factor for POPF (p = 0.027). Conclusions: DTMPJ can be safely performed for pancreatic duct > 1 mm without significantly increased POPF risk.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.706-714
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• 2024

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance and procedural characteristics of fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous transthoracic pleural forceps biopsy (PTPFB) in patients with exudative pleural effusion. Materials and Methods: Patients with exudative pleural effusion who underwent PTPFB between May 1, 2014, and February 28, 2023, were included in this retrospective study. The interval between percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) and PTPFB, number of biopsies, procedural time, and procedure-related complications were evaluated. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of diagnosing malignancy were computed for pleural cytology using PCD drainage, PTPFB, and combined PTPFB and pleural cytology. Results: Seventy-one patients, comprising 50 male and 21 female (mean age, 69.5 ± 15.3 years), were included in this study. The final diagnoses were benign lesions in 48 patients (67.6%) and malignant in 23 patients (32.4%). The overall interval between PCD and biopsy was 2.4 ± 3.7 days. The interval between PCD and biopsy in the group that underwent delayed PTPFB was 5.2 ± 3.9 days. The mean number of biopsies was 4.5 ± 1.3. The mean procedural time was 4.4 ± 2.1 minutes. Minor bleeding complications were reported in one patient (1.4%). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for pleural cytology, PTPFB, and combined PTPFB and pleural cytology were 47.8% (11/23), 100% (48/48), and 83.1% (59/71), respectively; 65.2% (15/23), 100% (48/48), and 88.7% (63/71), respectively; and 78.3% (18/23), 100% (48/48), and 93.0% (66/71), respectively. The sensitivity and accuracy of cytology combined with PTPFB were significantly higher than those of cytological testing alone (P = 0.008 and 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Fluoroscopy-guided PTPFB is an accurate and safe diagnostic technique for patients with exudative pleural effusion, with acceptable diagnostic performance, low complication rates, and reasonable procedural times.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• 제52권8호
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• pp.606-620
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• 2022

Background and Objectives: Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) is a devastating complication after the Fontan operation. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment response, and outcomes of Fontan-associated PLE. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 38 patients with Fontan-associated PLE from 1992 to 2018 in 2 institutions in Korea. Results: PLE occurred in 4.6% of the total 832 patients after the Fontan operation. After a mean period of 7.7 years after Fontan operation, PLE was diagnosed at a mean age of 11.6 years. The mean follow-up period was 8.9 years. The survival rates were 81.6% at 5 years and 76.5% at 10 years. In the multivariate analysis, New York Heart Association Functional classification III or IV (p=0.002), low aortic oxygen saturation (<90%) (p=0.003), and ventricular dysfunction (p=0.032) at the time of PLE diagnosis were found as predictors of mortality. PLE was resolved in 10 of the 38 patients after treatment. Among medical managements, an initial heparin response was associated with survival (p=0.043). Heparin treatment resulted in resolution in 4 patients. We found no evidence on pulmonary vasodilator therapy alone. PLE was also resolved after surgical Fontan fenestration (2/6), aortopulmonary collateral ligation (1/1), and transplantation (1/1). Conclusions: The survival rate of patients with Fontan-associated PLE has improved with the advancement of conservative care. Although there is no definitive method, some treatments led to the resolution of PLE in one-fourth of the patients. Further investigations are needed to develop the best prevention and therapeutic strategies for PLE.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• 제52권7호
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• pp.529-540
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• 2022

Background and Objectives: Limited data are available regarding long-term clinical outcomes of iliac artery endovascular therapy (EVT) in real-world practice. This study investigated long-term outcomes according to Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) classifications. Methods: We analyzed data from 1,705 limbs of 1,364 patients from the retrospective cohort of the multicenter Korean Vascular Intervention Society Endovascular Therapy in Lower Limb Artery Disease registry. The primary endpoint was target lesion revascularization (TLR)-free survival. Results: TASC A, B, C, and D lesions were present in 19.4%, 26.2%, 28.7%, and 25.7% of the treated limbs, respectively. The technical success rate was 96.2% and did not differ between TASC lesion types. Complications occurred in 6.8% of cases and more occurred in TASC D (11.8%). Iliac artery EVT showed a 5-year TLR-free survival of 89.2%. The TASC D group had the lowest TLR-free rate of 79.3%. TASC D (hazard ratio [HR], 1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-2.73; p=0.014), plain old balloon angioplasty (HR, 4.25; 95% CI, 2.03-8.88; p<0.001), current smoker (HR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.26-2.83; p=0.002), previous bypass surgery (HR, 3.04; 95% CI, 1.28-7.19; p=0.011), combined femoropopliteal treatment (HR, 4.89; 95% CI, 3.19-7.50; p<0.001), combined below the knee treatment (HR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.25-3.89; p=0.007), and complications (HR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.07-3.24; p=0.028) were predictors for TLR. Conclusions: Iliac artery EVT achieved excellent technical success and 5-year TLR-free survival. TASC D showed a favorable but lower 5-year TLR-free survival rate and higher complication rate compared with other TASC groups.