• KIEAE Journal
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.27-36
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• 2009

Lately construction companies are differentiating the outdoor spaces of apartment complexes to satisfy the needs of residents by providing underground parking area and variety of outdoor community spaces. Building walking networks through residential unit area, the major passage area and the entrance area of the complexes is very important factor to increase the use of the outdoor environment in the complexes. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the characteristics and the elements for the planning of exterior pedestrian spaces carefully through the analysis of current large-scale apartment complexes. In this study, the utilization of space, the connectivity to other spaces and the application of Universal design were evaluated through site visits in 5 large-scale apartment complexes. As a result, the utilization of space is well applied in the most of complexes especially in residential unit area. The connectivity to other spaces has low application compared to the others. Universal design is also well applied except sub criteria for the blind in most of complexes. This study will be able to help in providing better exterior pedestrian environment for residents in apartment complexes.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.712-720
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• 2013

Microwave assisted syntheses of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes with 3-aminopyridine (3AP) and nitrite ($NO_2{^-}$) ions have been reported. The metal complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductance, IR, Far-IR, electronic, NMR ($^1H$, $^{13}C$), thermal and electron impact mass spectral studies. The spectroscopic studies reveal the composition, the nature of nitrite ligand in the complexes, electronic transitions, chemical environments of C and H atoms thermal degradation of the complexes. On the basis of characterization data, distorted tetrahedral geometry is suggested for Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes. The organic ligand (3AP) and their metal complexes were screened against gram negative pathogenic bacteria and fungi in vitro. The results are compared with our previous report J. Korean Chem. Soc. 2013, 57, 341 on 4-aminopyridine and nitrite ion complexes of the same metal ions.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.574-590
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• 2013

A new solid complexes of Ti(IV), Y(III) and Ce(IV) have been synthesized with ofloxacin. The formulae and structure of the complexes have been proposed in the light of analytical, spectral ($^1H$ NMR, IR and UV-Visible), magnetic, molar conductivities and thermal studies. The complexes are soluble in DMSO-$d_6$ and DMF. The measured molar conductance values indicate that, the three complexes are electrolyte in nature. The results support the formation of the complexes and indicated that ofloxacin reacts as a bidentate ligand chelate to the metal ion through the pyridone oxygen and one carboxylato oxygen. The kinetic parameters of thermogravimetric and its differential have been evaluated by using Coats Redfern (CR) and Horowitz-Metzeger (HM) methods. The thermodynamic data reflect the thermal stability for all complexes. The metal- ligand binding of the Ti(IV), Y(III) and Ce(IV) complexes is predicted using density funcational theory at the B3LYP-CEP-31G level of theory and total energy, dipole moment estimation of different Ti(IV), Y(III) and Ce(IV) ofloxacin structures. The biological activities of the ofloxacin, inorganic salts and their metal complexes were assayed against different bacterial species.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.850-856
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• 1997

A series of tetradentate Schiff-base ligands; 1,3-bis(salicylideneimino) propane, 1,4-bis(salicylideneimino)butane, and 1,5-bis(salicylideneimino)pentane, and their Cu(Ⅱ) and Ni(Ⅱ) complexes have been synthesized. The properties of ligands and complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, NMR, UV-Vis spectra, molar conductance, and thermogravimetric anaylsis. The mole ratio of Schiff base to metal at complexes was found to be 1 : 1. All complexes were four-coordinated configuration and non-ionic compound. The electrochemical redox processes of the ligands and their complexes in DMF solution containing 0.1 M TEAP as supporting electrolyte have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, differential pulse voltammetry at glassy carbon electrode, and by controlled potential coulometry at platinum gauze electrode. The redox process of the ligands was highly irreversible, whereas redox process of Cu(Ⅱ) and Ni(Ⅱ) complexes was observed as one electron transfer process of quasi-reversible and diffusion-controlled reaction. Also the electrochemical redox potentials of complexes were affected by chelate ring size of ligands. The diffusion coefficients of Cu(Ⅱ) and Ni(Ⅱ) complexes in DMF solution were determined to be 4.2-6.6×10-6 cm2/sec. Also the exchange rate constants were determined to be 3.6-9.7×10-2 cm/sec.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.147-155
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to examine the residents' preference to community facilities in national rental apartment complexes. Twelve housing complexes were sampled and researched with questionnaire and field-surrey methods. The data from the questionnaire survey were processed with SPSS 14 and analyzed by regional group, size of complex, and arrangement plan of facilities. The complexes are located in two legions, Seoul and Gyounggi province. They were also sorted into three groups by size: less than 500 households, 500 to 1,000, and more than 1,000. Lastly, the complexes were categorized into three types: those where facilities are concentrated in or around a single building, dispersed into several places, and located in residential buildings. The results are as follows: Majority of the community facilities are established outdoor and, therefore, the indoor facilities are relatively more insufficient. Especially, there is a shortage of indoor gymnasium while the demand is increasing. It is partly because there is no regulatory guideline on indoor gym requirements in housing complexes. The resident satisfaction measurement shows significant comparison according to region and complex size. The level of satisfaction with garden/kitchen-garden, pond/fountain/streamlet is higher at the complexes in Gyunggi. The residents of larger complexes give positive feedback about spells facilities while those of smaller complexes are more satisfied with education-related facilities such as library and study. The measurement of resident needs shows significant comparison according to complex size and facility arrangement plan. The residents of smaller complexes are more in need of community facilities. In both regulatory standards and actual condition, community facilities are more insufficient at small complexes with less than 500 households.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.217-227
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• 2012

Syntheses of some novel oxomolybdenum(V) and dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes with an azo dye methoxyphenolazoantipyrine (HL) derived from 4-aminoantipyrine and 2-methoxyphenol are reported. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility data, IR, UV-Vis, $^1H$ NMR, EPR and FAB mass spectral studies. The physicochemical studies and spectral data indicate that HL acts as a bidentate chelating ligand. The complexes have the general formulae [$MoO(HL)XCl_2$] and [$MoO_2(HL)XCl$],where X=Cl, NCS or $NO_3$. All the complexes are found to have distorted octahedral geometry. Structural and morphological characterization of the complexes [$MoO(HL)Cl_3$](1) and [$MoO_2(HL)Cl_2$](4) before and after gamma ray irradiation,was performed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy( SEM).The ligand and the complexes were screened for their possible antimicrobial activities.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.627-636
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• 1994

Several Pt(II) and Pt(IV) complexes of N,N'-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine(2-HEen) and N,N'-bis(2-chloroethyl) ethylenediamine(2-CEen) as carrier ligand were prepared. Water soluble Pt complexes were also synthesized by modification of leaving groups. The cytotoxicity of these compounds against leukemia L1210 and P388 cell in vitro were examined. The Pt complexes containing 2-CEen showed more effective cytotoxicity than those containing 2-HEen. Through the nephrotoxicity tests on the primary cultured proximal tubular cells of rabbit kidney and human kidney cells in vitro, Pt complexes with 2-CEen showed higher than those with 2-HEen which were consistent with cytotoxicity but showed very low nephrotoxicity compared with cisplatin. Also the values of BUN and creatinine in serum of Pt complexes were reduced remarkably compared with cisplatin, therefore it can be concluded that new Pt complexes seems to have much lower nephrotoxicity than cisplatin.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.2153-2161
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• 2007

The transition metal-induced in situ generation of carbene complexes from alkynes having a carbonyl or imino group as a nucleophilic functionality has been investigated. These reactive carbenoid species are generated with high atom efficiency through a 6-endo-dig cyclization mode based on the electrocyclization of vinylidene complexes or a 5-exo-dig cyclization mode in π-alkyne complexes, and have been found to serve as versatile intermediates in catalytic carbene transfer reactions. Highlighted and reviewed in this account are the generation and preparation of pyranylidene, furylcarbene, pyrrolylcarbene, and vinylcarbene complexes and their application to [3,3]sigmatropic rearrangement of acylcyclopropylvinylidenes, catalytic cyclopropanation reactions, [2,3]sigmatropic rearrangement or condensation reactions via ylides, ring-opening and substitution reactions with heteroaromatic compounds, and catalytic isomerization of oligoynes.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.1007-1010
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• 2011

$Ir(dpq/dpqx)_2$(przl-R) complexes were prepared and their electrochemical properties were investigated, where dpq, dpqx and przl-R represent 2,3-diphenylquinoline, 2,3-diphenylquinoxaline and N-phenyl-R-pyrazolonate derivatives, respectively. The iridium complexes containing dpq and dpqx as main ligands were reported to show red phosphorescence, and involvement of a pyrazolonate ancillary ligand in the iridium complexes led to high luminous efficiency for organic light-emitting diodes. In this study, we synthesized red phosphorescent iridium complexes containing a new pyrazolonate ancillary ligand and investigated the HOMOs, LUMOs and resulting electrochemical gaps of $Ir(dpq/dpqx)_2$(przl-R) by cyclic voltammetry. The emission wavelengths of the complexes at 600 - 640 nm were consistent with the gaps of 1.95 - 2.03 eV measured from reduction and oxidation potentials of the complexes.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1757-1763
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• 2004

A new series of nickel(II), cobalt(II)/(III) and copper(II) complexes of 14, 15 and 16-membered of macrocyclic ligands have been prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, UV-VIS and $^1H-NMR$ spectra, magnetic susceptibilities, conductivities, DTA and ESR measurements. Molar conductances in DMF solution indicate that, the complexes are nonelectrolytes except (9-12) complexes. The electronic spectra show that, all complexes are square planar or distorted octahedral geometry. The ESR spectra of solid complexes (4), (8) and (11) show square planar of axial type symmetry $(d_{x2-y2})$ with considerable covalent bond character. However, complex (12) shows a spectrum of octahedral geometry with $d_{z2}$ ground state. Complex (12) shows exploitation in reducing the amount of electron adducts formed in DNA during irradiation with low radiation products.