• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.263-272
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• 2023

Role of architecture should not be limited to function of providing an inhabitable space but also include urban and social role of its impact to the public and surrounding area. Role of landmark building should be further expanded beyond and landmark building speaks out its aesthetics with mass form and/or with its appearance of façade. With study of this project, idea of landmark building is shifted from vertical extrusion of the land to horizontal extrusion of large space from the face of building. It is a double extrusion creating large assembly space up in the air linking surrounding masses.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.44-49
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• 2003

1995년부터 2002 년까지 마산만의 4개 정점에서 3-4개윌 간격으로 관측한 투명도 자료를 정리하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 4개 정점에서 각각 33회씩 관측한 자료에서 투명도의 범위는 0.2∼7.2m 이었고 , 평균은 2.4m이었으며 변동계수는 60%이었다. 평균은 만의 외해쪽으로 갈수록 증가하였고, 변동계수는 만의 안쪽으로 갈수록 큰 경향을 보였다. 2) 투명도의 월평균은 4월과 7 월에 비교적 낮고, 10 월 이후에 높게 나타났다. 3) 계절평균은 봄과 여름에 유사한 수준으로 낮고, 가을과 겨울에 높은 경향을 보였으며, 변동계수는 봄에 가장 크고 다음이 여름이며, 가을과 겨울은 같은 수준을 나타내었다. 4) 연평균은 4개의 정점에서 모두 1995년과 1998년에 낮은 값을 보였으며, 변동계수는 1996년과 1998년 및 2002년에 정점별 차이가 작게 나타났다. 5) 정점간의 상관성 검토에서 Sl 과 S4 정점의 투명도 변화가 다른 정점과 구별되었다. Sl 의 유별성은 지리적 특성에 기인하며, S4 의 유별성은 방류수와 관련이 있을 것으로 추정된다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.780-788
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• 2013

This study attempted to determine important meteorological parameters related to airborne pollen concentrations in urban areas. Hourly pollen measurement data were prepared from a regular sampling with a volumetric Burkard spore trap at a site in the Ulsan city, during the spring season (March~May) of 2011. Results showed that the daily mean and maximum concentrations for total pollen counts during the spring season were statistically significantly correlated with both air temperature and wind speed; daily mean pollen concentration was the most highly related to daily maximum temperature (r=0.567, p<0.001). It was also identified that pollen concentration has a stronger relationship with wind speed at the rural site than at the urban one, which confirms that strong wind conditions over the pollen sources area can be favorable for pollen dispersal, resulting in increases in airborne pollen concentrations downwind. From the results of an oak-pollen episode analysis, it was found that there was a significant relationship between hourly variation of oak pollen concentrations and dynamic meteorological factors, such as wind and mixing height (representing the boundary layer depth); especially, a strong southwestern wind and elevated mixing height was associated with high nocturnal concentrations of oak pollen. This study suggests that temperature, wind, and mixing height can be important considerations in explaining the pollen concentration variations. Additional examination of complex interactions of multiple meteorological parameters affecting pollen behavior should be carried out in order to better understand and predict the temporal and spatial pollen distribution in urban areas.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1807-1820
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• 2008

The station area development planed to improve the old and narrowed station and to enhance the train passenger's convenience through private capital attraction in the past. But it has been faced with difficulty for the creative of transfer demand. Because of lean upon building facilities were caused by shortage of business profitability as to development of the upside a railway line, and lack of public utilities. The station area development requires that it's trend to large scale development of station areas, korail's direct development, deputation of specialty company to development, collaboration between local government and korail in development, diversification of process & installed facility, building multi-transfer center and one-stop transfer system. This trend caused by low profitability in development of the upside a railway line. The purposes of study are to make the system and law reflected to the property of station area development, investment in kind of needed land, and change railroad areas to high-rise and complex development, and make a forum between government and korail, etc.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.10-21
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper was to classify areas demanding to be transformed to green spaces and evaluate their grades for urban park and green networks. The results of this study are summarized below; 1. The results of the classified green spaces in the research areas fall into three types including children parks, neighborhood parks, and public green spaces. The three types of green spaces were analysed with recreational indexes. The zones disturbing the green-networks were sorted out. These zones should be changed into a supplementary green spaces for improving the recreational functions in the city. 2. For urban park and green networks, distances between the parks and size of the parks were adopted as indices. Based on the index of distances between the parks, disturbing zones were evaluated with 3 grades. The first grade includes primary industrial complexes and housing complexes. The second grade was observed mostly in industrial complex areas. The third grade includes housing complexes. Based on the indexes of size of parks, disturbing zones were evaluated with 2 grades. In the case of grade I, it appeared in housing complex. In the case of grade II, it appeared in industrial complex. 3. Then, we prioritized the disturbing zones with severity in order to make supplementary green spaces. Through the process, the zones of the grade I for two each recreational index were evaluated to two grades. The analysis results of evaluated zones were that grade II appeared over industrial and housing complexes widely. Grade I appeared over housing complexes. 4. It is necessary that the grade of disturbing zones should be considered as an order to make green spaces to supplement a green-network. For this, we formed a basic frame of a green-networks in Dalsu-Gu and placed the disturbing zones on the basic frame of a green-network. Consequently, The results were that the green-networks in Dalsu-Gu was composed on four green-network axes and its shape mirrored a cruciform (+) of northwest$\leftrightarrow$southeast direction and southwest$\leftrightarrow$northeast direction.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.340-352
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 미기상 수치 모델 ENVI-MET3.0을 이용하여 고층 건물 입지에 따른 바람장과 기온 변화를 분석하였다. 대상지역은 고층 아파트 단지가 계획되어 있는 전주시 도심지이며, 실제 설계 자료를 적용하였다. 건물 입지에 따른 미기상 변화를 분석하기 위해 건물 입지전과 후에 대해 모델링을 수행한 후, 그 변화량을 분석하였다. 모델링 수행시 기상 조건은 연구대상 지역의 기후분석을 통해 두 가지를 선정하였는데, 첫 번째 조건은 풍향을 남남동(SSE)풍, 두 번째 조건은 풍향을서(W)풍 계열로 하였다. 바람길 분석은 풍속, 열섬 분석은 기온 변화량을 통해 분석을 실시하였다. 풍속 분석 결과, 건물 높이보다 낮은 고도에서는 바람이 유입되는 지역에서는 0.2~2.5 m/s 정도 증가한 반면, 건물 사이에서는 0.5~2.0 m/s 정도 감소하였다. 건물 높이 이상의 고도에서는 건물이 위치한 단지 내에서는 0.1~0.8 m/s m/s 정도 감소하는 반면, 단지 외부에서는 0.2~0.4 m/s 정도 증가하였다. 열섬 분석 결과, 건물 높이보다 낮은 고도에서는 건물이 위치한 단지 내와 풍하방향 지역에서는 기온이 $0.01{\sim}0.1^{\circ}C$ 증가한 반면, 단지 외부에서는 $0.01{\sim}0.05^{\circ}C$ 감소하였다. 건물 최고 높이 부근에서는 대부분의 지역에서 $0.05{\sim}0.2^{\circ}C$ 정도 감소하였다.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2022

본 연구는 경상남도 창원시 국가산업단지 인근에 설치된 21개의 PM_2.5 간이 측정기에서2020년 6월부터 2021년 5월까지 1년 동안 측정된 자료를 활용하여 PM_2.5의 발생 패턴을 분석하였다. PM_2.5의 발생 패턴은 측정지점 주변의 토지이용현황과 기온 및 풍속의 기상적인 요인을 고려하였다. PM_2.5 농도는 계절별로는 겨울철인 11월부터 3월까지, 시간대별로는 새벽과 이른 아침인 1시부터 9시까지가 높았다. PM_2.5는 공업지역에 인접할수록 농도가 높았으나, 주거지역과 공공시설지역은 농도가 낮았다. 기상적인 요인에서는 높은 기온과 풍속일수록 PM_2.5의 농도는 낮았기 때문에 기상 상태는 PM_2.5의 확산에 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구의 결과는 창원국가산업단지 인근의 PM_2.5 발생 패턴을 파악할 수 있었다. 이 결과는 향후 도시지역의 PM_2.5를 포함한 대기질을 개선하기 위해 도시 및 환경계획에서 활용할 수 있는 유용한 자료가 될 것이다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1630-1641
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• 2010

LCC can be defined as "the sum of present values of investment costs, capital costs, installation costs, energy costs, operating costs, maintenance costs, and disposal costs over the life-time of the project, product, or measure." LCCA involves estimating the costs and timing associated with each alternative over a selected analysis period and conversion of those costs to economically comparable values considering the time-value of money. The several Excel-Based LCC tools found on the internet are described in this paper. Also, This paper performed an analysis of the existing LCC commercial tools, assessing various aspects of each program. The goal was to evaluate the best features of each tool and to identify the requirements for LCC evaluation of Urban Transit Vehicle. The LCC tools are developed to address problems in many different areas and a tool developed and structured for one area cannot generally be used in another area. No general LCC tool exists and if one is needed for Urban Transit Vehicle it has to be developed by the project. Since a full LCC can be very complex it is likely that this Excel-Based LCC tool should be a small and simple tool for quick cost estimates. This paper presents a LCC tool consisting of eight excel sheets, which are "Project", "CBS", "PBS", "PM", "CM", "Others", "LCC Result" and "Diagram".

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2016년도 춘계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.241-242
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• 2016

Recent abnormal climate change induces localized heavy rainfall and extreme disasters such as debris flow near urban area. Thus many researches have been conducted to estimate and prevent, especially in focus of physical behavior of debris flow. Even though it is hardly to consider overall related parameters to estimate the extent and degree of directly or indirectly damages due to debris flow. Those analytic restraint would be caused by the diversity and complexity of regional topographic and hydrodynamic characteristics of debris flow inside. We have utilized the Bayesian method to compensate the uncertainty due to the complex characteristics of it after analyzing the numerical results from FLO-2D and field measurement data. Revised values by field measurements will enhance the numerical results and the missing parameters during numerical simulation will be supplemented with this methodology. As a final outcome in this study, the risk index of debris flow damage will be suggested to provide quantitative estimation in terms of hazard protection including the impact on buildings, especially in inner and outer of urban area.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.78-84
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• 2015

In order to increase the utilization of limited space in urban area, it can be a good solution to make use of underground space. For the last few decades, underground space systems, such as underground passages, subway stations, and underground shopping arcades, have been constructed in many cities all over the country. Despite of the advantages on the utilization of space in urban area, underground space systems have always been exposed to the risk of inundations resulted from severe rain storms. In this study, it has been examined to apply 2-D flow models (TUFLOW and FLUMEN) to establishing the preventive measures to the risk of flood. For the part with relatively complex configuration, such as a corridor junction, 2-D flow models present the detailed information about the effect of geometry on the inundation events and the temporal and spatial distribution of inundation over the space. From the result, it can be concluded that the 2-D flow model can be the effective implement for establishing the proper measure to the inundation on underground space systems, which generally have relatively long and narrow geometry with complex inner configuration.