• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.393-400
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• 2011

The residential complexes in waterfront provide the residents with pleasantness and comfort with their scenety and view in the surrounding watersides. However, it is currently true that there has little been established any designing plan utilizing the environmental characteristics of the waterfront. In this study, a survey was conducted on the residents of a Japanese waterfront. in Nishimiyahama and Lake Biwa, and conducted a comparative and analytic investigation regarding water-friendly activities, residents' consciousness of the housing environment, and reasons for the choice of residenve. From the results, we were able to obtain some suggestive points resulting from the differences of the aforementioned. We also fully comprehended that there are some issues and needs for solution for the environmental characteristics in the waterfront as well as for the damage incurred by salt breeze and insects. In addition, we realized that scenery and view toward watersides are becoming the important factors in the residents' consciousness regarding the housing environment. In case of planning housing complexes located in the waterfront, we keenly understood that "the size of a room", "ventilation", "view and daily lighting", and "securing privacy" are having effects on the residents' consciousness of their housing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2013.06a
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• pp.214-215
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• 2013

Current competition among companies than regional, the time constraints, it is globalization, Tilt the efforts of many to be operated by building the efficient distribution system to reduce logistics costs and improve customer service it is reality's there. Therefore, the need for industrial complexes environmentally friendly can be cost competitive companies perform cavitation region's increased. To build the distribution center these logistics system through a joint of freight and appropriate policy is required. In particular, efficient operation through the system construction of industrial complexes in the logistics system is very important in terms of friendly low-cost urban logistics, the environment. Since the traffic volume which is Jipufa and utilization of network is transported by a more appropriate technicians and means suitable operating model can efficiency is improved. However, despite these advantages, research network design has not been actively conducted due to the complexity of the problem. Therefore, in this study, by analyzing the logistics system, and presents the operating model through a simulation and basic settings for the model of the logistics complex based on the analysis result, the construction of infrastructure of logistics industry complex it is intended to present the article.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 2019

It is very important to understand the mechanism of estuary topographic changes for the study of estuary management and treatment methods. In this study, the effects from the land-side, such as rainfall, river discharge, sediment discharge, and sea side, such as tide, tidal current, wave and surface sediments related to the topographic changes of the Nakdong river estuary were investigated and analyzed. Based on the analyzed data, topographic modeling was performed to analyze the topographic change and contribution of external force conditions. As a result of numerical modeling, the topographic change showed that erosion that predominates in the water directly affected by the discharge of the estuary barrage. The deposition predominates in the indirectly affected tideland. As sediments moved along the water way being sorted and distributed by the wave, the deposition predominated in the front of the barrier island. Compared with the deposition dominance, which is the result of the topographic change prediction, the impact of each external force condition gives larger erosion. However, the combined impact of each external force condition showed deposition dominant. Therefore, the topographic changes of the Nakdong river estuary are considered to be the result of various complex external factors. The impacts of each external force condition show the different contribution to each comparison area. These results should be considered when establishing the estuary management method. It must be understood that this is the result of complex interactions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.62-74
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• 2015

This study was carried out to provide examples of planting methods for the construction of street green spaces with abundant greenery by analyzing road type, surrounding land use and planting structures in street green spaces on Port Island, Kobe, Japan. Port Island_(total area: 826ha) is a marine cultural city located in Japan's first artificial island with facilities of urban function and port facilities. The study site was designated at 11 plots of $55{\sim}285m^2$ on Port Island, and topography structure styles were divided into four types with mounding style, slope style, slope and flat style, flat style according to the adjacent roads width. The area adjacent to the middle roads with high levels of noise and pollution set up the mounding style, slope style, slope and flat style of multi-layer structures using topographic properties. The area adjacent to small roads focused on a green strip with shrubs on a flat style. Surrounding land-uses include a public institution, housing complex, and a commercial building. The planting concept was a buffer and landspace function in case of the middle road_(lane 4) while the small road_(lane 2) was a landspace function. Planting species were diverse with Liquidambe formosana, Cinnamomum camphora, Sapium sebiferum, Cedrela sinensis, Laeocarpus sylvestris var. ellipticus, Ginkgo biloba, Prunus serrulata var. spontanea, Zelkova serrata, Quercus glauca, Juniperus chinensis, Magnolia kobus, Rhododendron spp., Camellia japonica, Abelia mosanensis, etc. Planting density was 0.02~0.08(0.04) individual/$m^2$ at the canopy layer, 0.02~0.08(0.04) individual/$m^2$ at the understory layer. Ratio of green coverage was 40.0~173.7(93.0)% at the canopy layer, 2.1~79.8(34.9)% at the understory layer and 17.9~64.2(32.9)% at the shrub layer. $Gr{\ddot{u}}volumenzahl$ was $1.43{\sim}6.67(4.13)m^3/m^2$ at the canopy layer, $0.02{\sim}2.01(0.85)m^3/m^2$ at the understory layer and $0.14{\sim}0.58(0.26)m^3/m^2$ at the shrub layer. The ratio of green coverage of street green space on Port Island was higher than that of Seoul, and particularly, the ratio of green coverage and $gr{\ddot{u}}volumenzahl$ at the shrub layer differed, compared to the main street green space in Korea. The result of this study may be applicable to other coastal reclaimed cities in terms of setting methods for street greenery considering the topography structure, planting structure and planting function.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.358-366
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• 2004

The bridged disulphato complex $[Cr_2(NH_2)_2(H_2O)_2(SO_4)_2]{\cdot}2H_2O$, terminal triisocyanato $[Cr(NCO)_3(H_2O)]{\cdot}3H_2O$ complex and limonite, $[FeO(OH)]{\cdot}0.2H_2O$ compound were prepared by the reaction of $Cr_2(SO_4)_3{\cdot}xH_2O, Cr(CH_3COO)_3$ and $Fe_2(SO_4)_3$, respectively, with urea in aqueous media at $80^{\circ}C$. The infrared spectra of the products indicate that the absence of the bands of urea, but shows the characteristic bands of coordinated amide, water, bridged sulphato and isocyanato groups. Thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) measurements on the complexes are also recorded. The data obtained agree quite well with the expected structures. A general mechanisms describing the formation and its thermal decomposition of the complexes are suggested.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.137-145
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• 2002

Water flow simulations for environmental problems often require local detailed analyses for better understanding and accurate prediction of the fate of pollutant in water bodies. This study deals with the development and application of a two-dimensional flow an dispersion model to the coastal water area to find out possible changes due to the wide port development plan. As far as the spatial discretization is concerned, the finite element method is attractive because of its flexibility and ability to naturally treat complex coastal geometries. The model uses finite element theory and the Galerkin weighted-residual approach as its basis. Developed model is applied to the Busan New harbor Construction site. Results from the model were compared with the measured water level and flows in four stations. The flow pattern by the model shows to be similar to the observed data away from the construction site where the flow is not affected. From the simulation results, it is concluded that the model may be useful for numerous other studies for planning and management purposes, especially flow and pollution dispersion in the coastal water bodies where the flow is so complicated.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2019

In December 2012, a pile driving boat sunk off the coast of Ulsan port in Korea. The cause of capsizing of these boats was considered a complex problem. Although Korean Ship Safety Technology Authority concluded that leaders (cranes) of the vessel were designed with sufficient safety factors, National Forensic Service concluded that the capsizing was caused by the failure of leaders. This study reviewed the related laws, strength calculations, and structural analysis methods used by the Korea Ship Safety Technology Authority. In addition, numerical simulations were carried out on hydrodynamic analysis and structural analysis to analyze the cause of vessel capsizing based on the rules of the Korean Register of Shipping. The results were similar to those found by National Forensic Service. In conclusion, the study suggested that inspection especially for a pile driving boat subjected to the Korean Register of Shipping rules should be carried out to prevent the similar accident.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.139-152
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• 2022

In this paper, samples are collected for individual companies and the factors affecting worker wages (average annual salary) are analyzed in depth. In addition to the average annual salary of workers in a company, we would like to conduct an in-depth analysis of the average annual salary of first-time employees. Specifically, we tried to explain the size of companies, the production structure of capital and labor, and the impact of business on the average annual salary of first-time, college, and graduate school graduates by educational background of first-time employees. The difference in average annual salary of first-time employees of logistics companies is a decisive factor in the main project on sales, and first-time graduates and college graduates provided high salaries in the overseas passenger cargo transportation, port operation, and unloading management, and low salaries in the land cargo and warehouse industries. n addition, Korean logistics companies had relationships between the location of the headquarters, the number of employees, the proportion of labor costs to sales, and the four characteristic factors of the main business on sales. This fact is that Seoul-based foreign passenger cargo transportation, corporate logistics agency, complex transportation, and international transportation relay are large companies, with a low proportion of labor costs and a higher proportion of capital, technology, and information-intensive investments.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.181-191
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• 2024

Ports play a crucial role in the complex global supply chain. While many researchers have used social network analysis (SNA) to study active networks, there is a lack of SNA cohesion analysis specifically related to logistics and trade. Therefore, this study aims to identify time-series structural changes in all domestic import and export logistics networks, including regions, ports, and airports, by utilizing techniques such as k-core and community analysis. To carry out this analysis, we rely on data from the Korea Customs Service's Import and Export Logistics Statistical Yearbook spanning from 2004 to 2022. The findings from the k-core and community analysis indicate that the cohesion of the domestic import and export logistics network has continuously strengthened over time. Moreover, it reveals that regions, ports, and airports are becoming more cohesive and homogeneous, with Busan Port emerging as the central hub of a large community. These insights are expected to enhance our understanding of global logistics dynamics and contribute to the development of policies and sustainable import and export logistics processes.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.147-161
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• 2023

As global challenges, particularly climate change, become more pressing, there is a growing global awareness of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) management. Given the crucial role played by the logistics industry in the complex network of the global supply chain, various societal stakeholders are emphasizing the necessity for logistics entities to practice ESG management. Despite the comprehensive ESG guidelines established by Korea for all enterprises, a notable limitation arises from its inadequate consideration of the distinctive features inherent to logistics enterprises, especially those of a smaller and medium scale. Accordingly, this study conducts a thorough examination of existing ESG guidelines, sustainable management approaches in large-scale logistics enterprises, and prior research to identify potential ESG management diagnostic criteria relevant to small and medium-sized logistics enterprises, including aspects such as Public(P), Environmental(E), Social(S), and Governance(G). To streamline the diagnostic criteria, taking into account the unique characteristics of small and medium-sized logistics enterprises, this study conducts a survey involving 60 logistics company personnel and experts from academic and research domains. The collected data undergoes Principal Component Analysis (PCA), revealing that the four dimensions of information disclosure can be consolidated into a single dimension. Additionally, environmental criteria reduce from 16 to 3 items, societal considerations decrease from 22 to 7 items, and governance structures distill from 20 to 5 items. This empirical endeavor is deemed significant in presenting tailored ESG management diagnostic criteria aligned with the specificities of small and medium-sized logistics enterprises. The findings of this study are expected to serve as a foundational resource for the development of guidelines by relevant entities, promoting the wider adoption of ESG management practices in the sphere of small and medium-sized logistics enterprises in the near future. population coming from areas other than Gwangyang, where Gwangyang Port is located.