• Title/Summary/Keyword: Complex movements

Search Result 161, Processing Time 0.027 seconds

Cricoarytenoid Motion (윤상피열연골의 역동적 운동)

  • Hong, Ki-Hwan
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
    • /
    • v.20 no.2
    • /
    • pp.126-130
    • /
    • 2009
  • Arytenoid motion has long been recognized as complex. Misunderstandings about the specifics of arytenoid motion remain prevalent. The resultant misunderstandings have led to erroneous or suboptimal clinical approaches to the treatment of vocal fold immobility. A thorough understanding of the anatomy of the arytenoid and cricoid cartilages, the cricoarytenoid joint, and related ligaments, muscles, and other structures is essential in order to fully understand laryngeal motion disorders. Arytenoid motion occurs in three directions. Movements involving a change anteriorly and posteriorly, as well as vertically, are due to the revolving or pitchlike motion of the arytenoid along the minor axis of the cricoid's elliptically shaped facet. The medial and lateral movements are due to the orientation of the arytenoid which in turn is determined by the forward, lateral, and inferior inclination of the cricoid-arytenoid facet. During adduction it is the outward angulation of the vocal process from the body of the arytenoid that allows the entire length of the vocal proceses to approximate one another and to have this meeting occur at the proper vertical height.

  • PDF

The Pathophysiology of Restless Legs Syndrome/Willis-Ekbom Disease (하지불안증후군/윌리스-엑봄병의 병태생리)

  • Cyn, Jaegong
    • Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
    • /
    • v.28 no.2
    • /
    • pp.43-52
    • /
    • 2021
  • Restless Legs Syndrome/Willis-Ekbom Disease (RLS/WED) is a sleep disorder characterized by sensorimotor symptoms such as unpleasant sensations before sleep, akathisia, and periodic limb movements during sleep. It is also closely related to hyperarousal and is often accompanied by insomnia. Although the mechanism is not clear, the understanding of etiology and pathophysiology has greatly expanded through recent advances in genetic and neurobiological research. The most important pathophysiology of RLS/WED is brain iron deficiency. Such iron deficiency in the brain is caused by complex interactions between several genetic factors and various environmental factors, including comorbidities. Iron deficiency in the brain results in dysfunction of several neurotransmitters. A decrease in adenosine activity appears first, followed by an increase in the activity of glutamate and dopamine. A decrease in adenosine activity and an increase in glutamate activity stimulate the brain arousal system, resulting in hyperarousal. In addition, overproduction of dopamine and glutamate leads to dysfunction of the cortical-striatal-thalamic circuit, resulting in symptoms such as akathisia and periodic limb movements during sleep.

Effects of Axillary Crutch Length on EMG Activity of the Trunk Muscles and Range of Motion of the Lumbar Spine, Pelvis, and Hip Joint in Healthy Men

  • Kang, Min-Hyeok;Jang, Jun-Hyeok;Kim, Tae-Hoon;Oh, Jae-Seop
    • Physical Therapy Korea
    • /
    • v.20 no.1
    • /
    • pp.55-63
    • /
    • 2013
  • This study investigated the effects of axillary crutch length on trunk muscle activity and lumbo-pelvic-hip complex movements during crutch gait. Eleven healthy men participated in this study. The participants performed a three-point gait with optimal, shorter, and longer crutch lengths. Weight-bearing (WB) side was determined as the dominant leg side. The electromyography (EMG) activity of the bilateral rectus abdominis (RA) and erector spinae (ES) muscles and lumbo-pelvic-hip complex movements were monitored using a three-dimensional motion system with wireless surface EMG. Differences in the EMG activity of RA and ES muscles and range of motion (ROM) of lumbar spine, pelvis, and hip among conditions were analyzed using one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance, and a Bonferroni correction was conducted. There was less RA muscle activity on the WB side under the optimal crutch length condition compared with shorter and longer crutch length conditions (p<.05). The EMG activity of the RA muscle on the non-WB side and ES muscle on the WB side were significantly decreased under the optimal crutch length condition compared with shorter crutch length condition (p<.05). No significant differences in the EMG activity of the ES muscle on the non-WB side and ROM of lumbo-pelvic-hip complex were found among conditions (p>.05). These findings indicate that the optimal crutch length improves the trunk muscle efficiency during crutch gait.

The Movements of Vocal Folds during Voice Onset Time of Korean Stops

  • Hong, Ki-Hwan;Kim, Hyun-Ki;Yang, Yoon-Soo;Kim, Bum-Kyu;Lee, Sang-Heon
    • Speech Sciences
    • /
    • v.9 no.1
    • /
    • pp.17-26
    • /
    • 2002
  • Voice onset time (VOT) is defined as the time interval from the oral release of a stop consonant to the onset of glottal pulsing in the following vowel. VOT is a temporal characteristic of stop consonants that reflects the complex timing of glottal articulation relative to supraglottal articulation. There have been many reports on efforts to clarify the acoustical and physiological properties that differentiate the three types of Korean stops, including acoustic, fiberscopic, aerodynamic and electromyographic studies. In the acoustic and fiberscopic studies for stop consonants, the voice onset time and glottal width during the production of stops has been known as the longest and largest in the heavily aspirated type followed by the slightly aspirated type and unaspirated types. The thyroarytenoid and posterior cricoarytenoid muscles were physiologically inter-correlated for differentiating these types of stops. However, a review of the English literature shows that the fine movement of the mucosal edges of the vocal folds during the production of stops has not been well documented. In recent. years, a new method for high-speed recording of laryngeal dynamics by use of a digital recording system allows us to observe with fine time resolution. The movements of the vocal fold edges were documented during the period of stop production using a fiberscopic system of high speed digital images. By observing the glottal width and the visual vibratory movements of the vocal folds before voice onset, the heavily aspirated stop was characterized as being more prominent and dynamic than the slightly aspirated and unaspirated stops.

  • PDF

Vibration Analysis of Space Structure with Retractable Roof (개폐식 지붕구조의 움직임에 대한 공간구조물의 진동해석)

  • Kim, Gee-Cheol;Kang, Joo-Won;Kim, Hyun-Su
    • Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
    • /
    • v.11 no.1
    • /
    • pp.113-120
    • /
    • 2011
  • Retractable roof system is one of the special feature in stadium or complex structure. And this retractable roof system makes possible to use spacial structure all-weather. This retractable roof system is able to classified into overlapping, parallel movement and folding system. Moving load, impact load, inertial or braking loads, these dynamic loads induced by movements of retractable roof system. So it is necessary to analysis of spacial structures are subjected to these dynamic loads. Dynamic loads that are induced by the retractable roof movements can be applied to moving mass method or moving force method. But, moving force method is appropriate because the retractable roof movements is slow relatively. In this paper, new application method of moving forces induced by the retractable roof movements is proposed. And vibration analysis of spacial structures are executed by using the proposed method. This proposed equivalent moving force can be easily applied to spacial structure that is subjected to dynamic loads induced by movement of the retractable roof system.

A motion capture and mimic system (운동포착 및 재현 시스템)

  • 윤중선;최원수
    • 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 1996.10b
    • /
    • pp.1344-1347
    • /
    • 1996
  • A general procedure for motion capture and mimic system has been delineated. Utilizing sensors operated in the magnetic fields, complex and optimized movements are easily digitized to analyze and follow. Design concepts of the system are modular, open, and user friendly to ensure the overall system performance. The system consists of motion capture, visualization, plan, mimic and GUI modules. This procedure is currently being implemented on a virtual cyber cube.

  • PDF

Design of a PWM Programmable Controller for Cartesian Coordinates Robot (직각 좌표 로보트의 PWM 프로그래머블 제어기 설계)

  • 이두복;박상희
    • The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
    • /
    • v.36 no.4
    • /
    • pp.293-300
    • /
    • 1987
  • This paper presents a desing of a PWM programmable controller for industrial robot to be utilized in process which reqires various movements and repeating operations. To be specific, a low-level robot language is constructed which makes easy for the user to program complex robot motion, and an interpreter is developed to execute the program. Also, related hardware and software, and monitor program for convenience of user are implemented. When the proposed controller is applied to the catresian coordinate 4-axis manipulator, it reveals that the error probabilities of X,Y and Z axis as 0.033%, 0.023%,0.028% respectively.

  • PDF

Signalling System Modelling for Train Operation Simulation (열차운용 시뮬레이션을 위한 신호시스템 모델링)

  • 최규형;구세완
    • Proceedings of the KSR Conference
    • /
    • 1998.11a
    • /
    • pp.202-209
    • /
    • 1998
  • This paper presents a modelling of railway facilities and signalling system based on object-oriented software development technique to simulate multi-train movements on the complex railway network. Block and interlocking functions of signalling system is modelled using Node-Link model of railway network and signal control logic, which can be used to set the train routes and control the train movement. A brief explanation of class design about these model is provided.

  • PDF

Additional Surgical Method Aimed to Increase Distractive Force during Occipitocervical Stabilization : Technical Note

  • Antar, Veysel;Turk, Okan
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
    • /
    • v.61 no.2
    • /
    • pp.277-281
    • /
    • 2018
  • Objective : Craniovertebral junctional anomalies constitute a technical challenge. Surgical opening of atlantoaxial joint region is a complex procedure especially in patients with nuchal deformity like basilar invagination. This region has actually very complicated anatomical and functional characteristics, including multiple joints providing extension, flexion, and wide rotation. In fact, it is also a bottleneck region where bones, neural structures, and blood vessels are located. Stabilization surgery regarding this region should consider the fact that the area exposes excessive and life-long stress due to complex movements and human posture. Therefore, all options should be considered for surgical stabilization, and they could be interchanged during the surgery, if required. Methods : A 53-year-old male patient applied to outpatients' clinic with complaints of head and neck pain persisting for a long time. Physical examination was normal except increased deep tendon reflexes. The patient was on long-term corticosteroid due to an allergic disease. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography findings indicated basilar invagination and atlantoaxial dislocation.The patient underwent C0-C3-C4 (lateral mass) and additional C0-C2 (translaminar) stabilization surgery. Results : In routine practice, the sites where rods are bound to occipital plates were placed as paramedian. Instead, we inserted lateral mass screw to the sites where occipital screws were inserted on the occipital plate, thereby creating a site where extra rod could be bound.When C2 translaminar screw is inserted, screw caps remain on the median plane, which makes them difficult to bind to contralateral system. These bind directly to occipital plate without any connection from this region to the contralateral system.Advantages of this technique include easy insertion of C2 translaminar screws, presence of increased screw sizes, and exclusion of pullout forces onto the screw from neck movements. Another advantage of the technique is the median placement of the rod; i.e., thick part of the occipital bone is in alignment with axial loading. Conclusion : We believe that this technique, which could be easily performed as adjuvant to classical stabilization surgery with no need for special screw and rod, may improve distraction force in patients with low bone density.

Assessing Landscape Impacts of Apartment Complex on Suburban Hilly Openspace; Multilateral Approach by Analysis of Physical Landscape Variables and Eye Fixation Movements (도시주변 능선녹지를 배경으로 하는 아파트 경관의 시각적 영향 - 물리적 경관변수 및 와시점분석에 의한 다각적 접근-)

  • Choi, Yun;Cho, Tong-Buhm
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
    • /
    • v.22 no.2
    • /
    • pp.81-103
    • /
    • 1994
  • In recent years, the visual characteristics of natural open space and greenbelt surrounding the urban landscapes have been changed with sprawling of residential areas and highrised residential buildings. Since these natural areas being the background element of residential areas are topographically sloped mountains in many cities. It is easy to be seen in the distance and it is important to preserve these areas as a visual infrastructure of the urban landscape. The purposes of this study are to extract the factors of landscape impact evaluation for these areas and to clarify the physical landscape variables representing these factors, and to infer the visual-perceptional relationships between image and landscape variables. As results, conceptional three factors were extracted with semantic differential evaluation to classified 18 landscape slide, and three regression models were established with factor score of landscapes and physical variables measured in photographs. On the basis of these relationships, visual-perceptional characteristics were discussed by analyzing the data form eye-movement recording to each of landscapes. The factors of "spatial unfolding of backdropped hilly greenspace", "horizontal quence of residential buildings", and "landscape complexity" prove to be important. And it prove important variables of "skyline of mountainous ridge" and "visual edge of building structure" in regression models and eye fixation movements.

  • PDF