• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2017년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.305-308
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• 2017

EAP는 확장 가능한 인증 프로토콜로써 다양한 인증 메커니즘을 가진 EAP 메소드를 지원하는 프로토콜이다. EAP 자체는 IP를 통한 전송 환경에 대한 설계가 아닌 인증만을 위한 프로토콜로 디자인되어 있기 때문에, peer와 authenticator 사이의 인증을 마친 이후에 일반적인 데이터 전송에는 사용되지 않는다. EAP의 간결한 통신 구조로 볼 때 EAP 자체는 가볍게 동작할 수 있는 프로토콜이나, 어떠한 EAP 메소드를 선정하여 사용하느냐에 따라 그 절차가 좀 더 복잡해질 수 있다. 특히, 최근에는 IoT 시장이 정착되며 무선환경에서의 데이터 손실이나 변조, 연결의 반복 등으로 인해 잦은 인증환경이 나타난다. 이 때 일부 보안성이 뛰어난 EAP 메소드의 경우에는 복잡한 절차를 이용하는 만큼 가볍고 빠른 통신을 요구하는 일부 IoT 환경에서는 적합하지 않다. 이에 본 논문에서는 기존 EAP의 틀은 건드리지 않으며 잦은 인증 및 빠른 통신을 요구하는 IoT 환경에 적합한 경량 인증 EAP 메소드를 설계한다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제27권2A호
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• pp.116-123
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• 2002

자켓 행렬(Jacket matrix)은 왈쉬 하다마드(Walsh Hadamard) 행렬 구조를 바탕으로 확장한 행렬이다. 왈쉬 하다마드 행렬이 +1, -1을 기본 원소로 하고 있는 반면 자켓 행렬은 $\pm$1과 $\pm$$\omega$($\pm$j, $\pm$$_2$$^{n}$ )를 각각 원소로 가질 수 있다. 이 행렬은 중앙 부근에 무게(weight)를 갖는데, 하다마드 행렬 크기의 1/4 크기로 부호 부분과 무게 부분으로 구성된다. 본 논문에서는 기존에 행렬 중앙에 강제적으로 무게를 할당하여 자켓 행렬을 구성하였으나, 어떠한 크기의 행렬도 크기와 무게만 정해주면 생성해낼 수 있는 이진 인덱스를 이용한 간단한 비트열 형태의 일반식이 제시된다. 무게는 행과 열의 이진 인덱스의 최상위 두 비트를 Exclusive-OR 연산한 결과가 1인 원소에 부여된다. 또한 분산연산(Distributed Arithmetic:DA) 알고리즘을 이용한 고속자켓변환(Fast Jacket Transform)의 VLSI 구조를 제시한다. 자켓 행렬은 cyclic한 특성을 가지고 있어서 암호화, 정보 이론 및 WCDMA의 복소수 확산 QPSK 변조부에 응용될 수 있다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2015

수중음향통신 채널은 해수면의 시변동성, 해저지형, 음속 분포 및 송수신단 사이의 기하학적인 구조 등에 따라 매우 복잡한 형태의 채널 특성을 나타낸다. 특히, 바람과 해류에 의한 시변동성과 도플러 효과를 갖는다. 이러한 수중음향통신 환경에서 전송 효율을 높이기 위해서는 변화하는 채널의 상태를 파악하고 통신기법에 적용시켜야 한다. 이 논문에서는 채널 시변동 매개변수 가운데 도플러 주파수 추정을 위하여 모호 함수와 자기상관 기법을 적용한 프레임 재귀 변복조 방식을 제안하고, 모의실험과 실제 남해에서의 해상실험을 통해 성능을 확인하였다. 해상실험 결과 채널 부호화 기법을 적용하지 않은 경우, 기존의 방법에 비해 제안한 방법의 비트 오류율이 약 32% 향상되었다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.952-960
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• 2004

다양한 디지털 변복조 기술 중에서 PSK(Phase Shift Keying) 변조방식은 보편적으로 사용되는 송신 방식이다. 특히 CDMA 시스템에 이용되는 PSK 방식은 부호 오율 및 대역폭 양면에서 우수하다. 본 연구에서 사용하는 DSP 기술은 소프트웨어만을 이용하는 기술로 부가적인 하드웨어 없이 새로운 여러 가지의 송수신모드를 제공할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 복잡한 아날로그 회로를 이용한 PSK계열의 BPSK복조기와 QPSK복조기 대신, DSP 기술을 기반으로 한 M-ary PSK(M=2, 4)복조기를 구현한다. 또한, 기존의 PSK복조기의 경우 아날로그 PLL의 동기포착 회로를 이용하여 동기를 확보하였으나, 동기회로 없이 프로그램을 사용하여 PSK신호를 복조하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. DSP는 TMS320C6203을 이용하였으며, DSP 장비에 프로그램을 에뮬레이션 시킨 후의 결과 파형을 DSP 개발툴인 code builder를 사용하여 graph view 창을 통해 확인했다. 그 결과 복조파형은 기존의 복잡한 아날로그 회로와 동일한 성능으로 정확히 신호를 복조할 수 있으며, 어떠한 주변장치를 사용하지 않고, 소프트웨어만으로 다양한 레벨의 변조파형을 복조함을 확인한다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.1017-1024
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• 2007

Thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL-17), produced by keratinocytes, is a CC chemokine known to selectively Th2 type T cells via $CCR4^+$ and is implicated in the development of atopic dermatitis (AD). TARC/CCL17 expression was induced by cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) and interferon-${\gamma}$ (IFN-${\gamma}$). We recently found that the wogonin, a flavone isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis, suppressed TARC expression via heme oxygenase 1 (HO1) in human keratinocytes induced with mite antigen. However, little is known about the inhibitory mechanism of wogonin on TARC/CCL-17 expression stimulated with cytokines. To investigate the inhibitory mechanism, I determined the inhibitory effects of wogonin on the activation of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$) and $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ phosphorylation, and also examined the activation of p38 MAP kainase in HaCaT keratinocytes stimulated with TNF-${\alpha}$ and IFN-${\gamma}$. Wogonin inhibited NF-${\kappa}B$-DNA complex, NF-${\kappa}B$ binding activity, and the phosphorylation of $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ in a dose dependent manner. Wogonin also inhibited the translocation of NF-${\kappa}B$ from cytosol to nucleus. Moreover, the phosphorylation of of p38 MAP kinase in the TNF-${\alpha}$ and IFN-${\gamma}$-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes were suppressed by wogonin in a dose dependent manner. These results suggest that wogonin may inhibit cytokine-induced NF-${\kappa}B$ activation by $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ degradation via suppression of p38 MAP kinase signaling pathway in keratinocytes and modulation of wogonin signaling pathway may be beneficial for the treatment of AD.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.369-376
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• 1998

This report shows that hydroxyl radical, generated by a Fenton reaction involving adenosine $5'-diphosphate/Fe^{2+}$ complex ($5-15\;{\mu}M$) and $H_2O_2$ ($2\;{\mu}M$), induced differentiation of HL-60 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. This is evidenced by the increases in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate- and fMLP-stimulated superoxide production capability. The cells exposed to hydroxyl radical for defined periods (24∼96 hr) continued to differentiate even after the hydroxyl radical generating system had been removed. The differentiated cells displayed fMLP-stimulated calcium mobilization and increased expression of myeloid-specific antigen CD11b and CD14. The extent of the differentiation was markedly reduced by desferrioxamine ($100\;{\mu}M$), dimethylthiourea (5 mM), N,N'-diphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine ($2\;{\mu}M$), and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (5 mM). The induction of differentiation by hydroxyl radical was enhanced by 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine ($200\;{\mu}M$) and Ro-20-1724 ($8\;{\mu}M$), and inhibited by dipyridamole (2 ${\mu}M$). These results suggest that hydroxyl radicals may induce commitment of HL-60 cells to differentiate into more mature cells of myelomonocytic lineage through specific signal-transduction pathway that is modulated by phosphodiesterase inhibitors.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.821-834
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• 2017

This paper reports on a single-inductor multiple-output step-up converter with digital control. A systematic analog-to-digital-controller design is explained. The number of digital blocks in the feedback path of the proposed converter has been decreased. The simpler digital pulse-width modulation (DPWM) architecture is then utilized to reduce the power consumption. This architecture has several advantages because counters and a complex digital design are not required. An initially designed unit-delay cell is adopted recursively for the construction of coarse, intermediate, and fine delay blocks. A digital limiter is then designed to allow only useful code for the DPWM. The input voltage is 1.8 V, whereas output voltages are 2 V and 2.2 V. A co-simulation was also conducted utilizing PowerSim and Matlab/Simulink, whereby the 55 nm process was employed in the experimental results to evaluate the performance of the architecture.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.120-130
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• 2021

The spinal cord or CSF surgery is a very complex process. It requires continuous pre and post-surgery evaluation to have a better ability to diagnose the disease. To detect automatically the suspected areas of tumors and symptoms of CSF leakage during the development of the tumor inside of the brain. We propose a new method based on using computer software that generates statistical results through data gathered during surgeries and operations. We performed statistical computation and data collection through the Google Source for the UK National Cancer Database. The purpose of this study is to address the above problems related to the accuracy of missing hybrid KNN values and finding the distance of tumor in terms of brain cancer or CSF images. This research aims to create a framework that can classify the damaged area of cancer or tumors using high-dimensional image segmentation and Laplace transformation method. A high-dimensional image segmentation method is implemented by software modelling techniques with measures the width, percentage, and size of cells within the brain, as well as enhance the efficiency of the hybrid KNN algorithm and Laplace transformation make it deal the non-zero values in terms of missing values form with the using of Frobenius Matrix for deal the space into non-zero values. Our proposed algorithm takes the longest values of KNN (K = 1-100), which is successfully demonstrated in a 4-dimensional modulation method that monitors the lighting field that can be used in the field of light emission. Conclusion: This approach dramatically improves the efficiency of hybrid KNN method and the detection of tumor region using 4-D segmentation method. The simulation results verified the performance of the proposed method is improved by 92% sensitivity of 60% specificity and 70.50% accuracy respectively.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.320-327
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• 2022

Neurodevelopmental disorders are complex conditions that pose difficulty in the modulation of proper motor, sensory and cognitive function due to dysregulated neuronal development. Previous studies have reported that an imbalance in the excitation/inhibition (E/I) in the brain regulated by glutamatergic and/or GABAergic neurotransmission can cause neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric behavioral deficits such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). NMDA acts as an agonist at the NMDA receptor and imitates the action of the glutamate on that receptor. NMDA however, unlike glutamate, only binds to and regulates the NMDA receptor subtypes and not the other glutamate receptors. This study seeks to determine whether NMDA administration in mice i.e., over-activation of the NMDA system would result in long-lasting behavioral deficits in the adolescent mice. Both gender mice were treated with NMDA or saline at early postnatal developmental period with significant synaptogenesis and synaptic maturation. On postnatal day 28, various behavioral experiments were conducted to assess and identify behavioral characteristics. NMDA-treated mice show social deficits, and repetitive behavior in both gender mice at adolescent periods. However, only the male mice but not female mice showed increased locomotor activity. This study implies that neonatal exposure to NMDA may illicit behavioral features similar to ASD. This study also confirms the validity of the E/I imbalance theory of ASD and that NMDA injection can be used as a pharmacologic model for ASD. Future studies may explore the mechanism behind the gender difference in locomotor activity as well as the human relevance and therapeutic significance of the present findings.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.312-329
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• 2022

Feed cost is the main factor affecting the economic benefits of pig industry. Improving the feed efficiency (FE) can reduce the feed cost and improve the economic benefits of pig breeding enterprises. Liver is a complex metabolic organ which affects the distribution of nutrients and regulates the efficiency of energy conversion from nutrients to muscle or fat, thereby affecting feed efficiency. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that can regulate feed efficiency through the modulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. In this study, we analyzed miRNA profiling of liver tissues in High-FE and Low-FE pigs for the purpose of identifying key miRNAs related to feed efficiency. A total 212~221 annotated porcine miRNAs and 136~281 novel miRNAs were identified in the pig liver. Among them, 188 annotated miRNAs were co-expressed in High-FE and Low-FE pigs. The 14 miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed (DE) in the livers of high-FE pigs and low-FE pigs, of which 5 were downregulated and 9 were upregulated. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis of liver DE miRNAs in high-FE pigs and low-FE pigs indicated that the target genes of DE miRNAs were significantly enriched in insulin signaling pathway, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone signaling pathway, and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. To verify the reliability of sequencing results, 5 DE miRNAs were randomly selected for quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The qRT-PCR results of miRNAs were confirmed to be consistent with sequencing data. DE miRNA data indicated that liver-specific miRNAs synergistically acted with mRNAs to improve feed efficiency. The liver miRNAs expression analysis revealed the metabolic pathways by which the liver miRNAs regulate pig feed efficiency.