• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2014

The background of this study is to examine the structure of housing price of which characteristics are not equal but hierarchical in the apartment complexes. So, the purpose of this study is to analyze the influences of apartment complex characteristics on the housing price within the same regional boundary by HLM. The data used as dependent variables were the market prices of 938 units from 29 apartment complexes by stratified sampling. The 2nd level independent variables is the Housing complex characteristics which are composed of the housing complex & locational variables and the 1st level independent variables are the unit characteristics. The results are as follows. First, the first model shows that the 2nd level variables explains 68% of the housing prices. Second, the influential variables of the 1st level unit variable are 'dwelling exclusive area', 'floor of dwelling' and 'direction of dwelling'. Third, the influential variables of the housing complex variables in the 2nd level are 'lot area', 'the building-to-land ratio', 'the number of unit', 'the number of parking lots per unit', 'Green space area' and 'open space area per unit'. The last, the influential variables of the housing locational variables in the 2nd level are 'distance to subway and park' and the number of school and park within a radius of 1km.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.94-100
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• 2021

In general, the industrial complex is a place where factories of various industries are concentrated. It is only as efficient as it is designed. However, the risks vary as there are various industries. These features are also associated with various types of disasters. The dangers of natural disasters such as a typhoon, flood, and earthquake, as well as fire and explosions, are also latent. Many of these risks can make stable production and business activities difficult, resulting in massive direct and indirect damage. In particular, decades after its establishment, the vulnerabilities increase even more as aging and small businesses are considered. In this sense, it is significant to assess the vulnerability of the industrial complex. Thus analysing fire and explosion hazards as stage 1 of the vulnerability evaluation for the major potential disasters for the industrial complex. First, fire vulnerabilities were analyzed quantitatively. It is displayed in blocks for each company. The assessment block status and the fire vulnerability rating status were conducted by applying the five-step criteria. Level A is the highest potential risk step and E is the lowest step. Level A was 11.8% in 20 blocks, level B was 22.5% in 38 blocks, level C was 25.4% in 43 blocks, level D was 26.0% in 44 blocks, and level E was 14.2% in 24 blocks. Levels A and B with high fire vulnerabilities were analyzed at 34.3%. Secondly, the vulnerability for an explosion was quantitatively analyzed. Explosive vulnerabilities were analyzed at 4.7% for level A with 8 blocks, 3.0% for level B with 5, 1.8% for level C with 3, 4.7% for level D with 8, and 85.8% for level E with 145. Levels A and B, which are highly vulnerable to explosions, were 7.7 %. Thirdly, the overall vulnerability can be assessed by adding disaster vulnerabilities to make future assessments. Moreover, it can also assist in efficient safety and disaster management by visually mapping quantified data. This will also be used for the integrated control center of the N-Industrial Complex, which is currently being installed.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.139-147
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• 2022

본 연구는 신체활동수준, 주관적 건강상태, 코로나19 염려의 관계를 분석하는 것에 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 2020년 지역사회건강조사를 바탕으로 전국 만 19세 이상 성인 229,269명의 설문데이터 자료를 분석하였다. 복합표본설계로 가중치, 층화변수, 집락변수를 지정하여 분석하였다. SPSS 통계분석 프로그램을 이용하여 복합표본 빈도분석, 복합표본 교차분석, 복합표본 회귀분석을 실시하고, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 신체활동수준이 높은 그룹이 신체활동수준이 낮은 그룹에 비하여 주관적 건강상태가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 신체활동수준이 높은 그룹이 신체활동수준이 낮은 그룹에 비하여 코로나19 염려가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 주관적 건강수준이 높은 그룹이 낮은 그룹에 비하여 코로나19 염려가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 다만 본 연구에서는 실제 코로나19 감염여부는 분석에 포함하지 않았다는 제한점이 있다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.135-146
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• 1997

This paper describes fault diagnosis method in complex system with hierachical structure similar to human body structure. Complex system is divided into unit, item and component. For diagnosing this hierarchical complex system, it is necessary to implement special neural network. Fault diagnosis system can forecast faults in a system and decide from current machine state signal information. Comparing with other diagnosis system for single fault, the developed system deals with multiple fault diagnosis comprising Hierarchical Neural Network(HNN). HNN consists of four level neural network, first level for item fault symptom classification, second level for item fault diagnosis, third level for component symptom classification, forth level for component fault diagnosis. UNIX IPC(Inter Process Communication) is used for implementing HNN wiht multitasking and message transfer between processes in SUN workstation with X-Windows(Motif). We tested HNN at four units, seven items per unit, seven components per item in a complex system. Each one neural newtork operate as a separate process in HNN. The message queue take charge of information exdhange and cooperation between each neural network.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2010

Many business enterprises in domestic housing industry are focusing on the development of environment friendly apartment complex to strengthen the competitiveness by upgrading their company's image through differentiation of the qualities and satisfying the customer's needs. Many apartment complex have achieved temporary or real certification by green building certification system, but there weren't enough studies on how much residents are satisfied by their certified complex. In this study, we want to clarify the factors of resident's satisfaction level in certified environment friendly complex by comparing the social and economical characteristics of resident. For this study, we chose and compare 4 environment friendly apartment complex considered to be built by the best environmental way in metropolitan area, and 4 other apartment complex which are also considered to be similar in terms of the condition of location and period of stay.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2010

This study has the purpose to reveal the differences of residents' satisfaction level & demand of community environment and recognized residents' improvement priority of community environment at 3 complexes at the big city in the provinces. The 3 residential complexes had differentiated developmental concepts; the residence-oriented complex, the residence-government mixed complex with an eco-friendly concept, and the outskirt residence-industry mixed complex. Followings are the results of the study. 1) The satisfaction of residents in the community environment correlates with the increasing convenience facilities after construction. In the new outskirt complexes of smaller cities, dissatisfaction occurs more with public transportation rather than the road system, so that efficient public transportation systems, inner and neighboring areas, is requisite. 2) Even in the residence-oriented complex, the education environment does not entirely account for satisfaction level; the green environment is also second in priority after the education environment. In the residence-government mixed complex with an eco-friendly concept, a good natural environment does not entirely account for satisfaction level; education environment is also second in priority after the natural environment. The supply of sufficient schools may be fulfilled in the ways of reform of the education zone with neighboring existing residential areas. In the outskirt residence-industry mixed complex of smaller cities, priority was placed more on the location and convenience; this explains the complex's poor access to downtown.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.275-283
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• 2015

The aim of this study is to estimate the noise exposure of roadside apartment complex according to the characteristics of apartment complex. The facade noise level of residential buildings and the ground noise level inside apartment complexes were predicted and analyzed using noise mapping based on a computerized noise model. In addition, the correlation analysis between these noise levels and the characteristics of apartment complex such as traffic volume, building coverage, the number of adjacent roads, etc. was done in a total of 21 apartment complexes. The results showed that building facade noise level and ground noise level were positively correlated with traffic volume (correlation coefficient, r=0.616~0.623) and the number of adjacent roads (r=0.340~0.496). On the other hand, they were negatively correlated with building coverage (r=-0.413~-0.477) and complex area per the number of roads (r=-0.478~-0.615).

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2009

This study focused on the analysis of residential satisfaction and environment awareness depending on the environment-friendly level on the outdoor space of the housing complexes. The purpose of this study is to present basic materials of the environment-friendly outdoor space planning of housing complexes. The major findings of the study are as follows. First, the results of the comparative analysis of the satisfaction of the outdoor space of apartment complexes show that the complexes with the most application of environment-friendly elements had higher residential satisfaction. But there was no meaningful statistical difference between the complexes with the higher level of application of the environment-friendly elements and the complexes with medium level of application. Secondly, according to a comparative analysis, the overall residential satisfaction of the apartment complexes was the same as the residential satisfaction of the outdoor space. Thirdly, the results of the correlative analysis of residential satisfaction and environmental awareness showed that the satisfaction of the apartment complexes decreases as the awareness of the environment-friendly apartment complex increases. The results of this study can be used as basic materials for environment-friendly outdoor space planning of apartment complexes.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.417-424
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• 2017

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is neurodegenerative disease, characterized by the progressive decline of memory, cognitive functions, and changes in personality. The major pathological features in postmortem brains are neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid beta ($A{\beta}$) deposits. The majority of AD cases are sporadic and age-related. Although AD pathogenesis has not been established, aging and declining mitochondrial function has been associated. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been observed in AD patients' brains and AD mice models, and the mice with a genetic defect in mitochondrial complex I showed enhanced $A{\beta}$ level in vivo. To elucidate the role of mitochondrial complex I in AD, we used SH-SY5Y cells transfected with DNA constructs expressing human amyloid precursor protein (APP) or human Swedish APP mutant (APP-swe). The expression of APP-swe increased the level of $A{\beta}$ protein in comparison with control. When complex I was inhibited by rotenone, the increase of ROS level was remarkably higher in the cells overexpressing APP-swe compared to control. The number of dead cell was significantly increased in APP-swe-expressing cells by complex I inhibition. We suggest that complex I dysfunction accelerate amyloid toxicity and mitochondrial complex I dysfunction in aging may contribute to the pathogenesis of sporadic AD.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.1149-1153
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• 1996

Ab initio and extended Huckel calculations were carried out on the isomers of trans-RhCl(η2-C2H2)(PH3)2 (1). Due to π-back donation in 1 complex, the rotational energy barrier of alkyne ligand is computed to be in the range of 18.6-25.2 kcal/mol at MP4 levels. The optimized hydrido-alkynyl complex (2) at ab initio level has the distorted trigonal bipyramidal structure. Vinylidene complex (3) is computed to be more stable than 1 complex by 17.1 kcal/mol at MP4//MP2 level. The stabilities of isomers show similar trend at the various level calculations, that is, EHT, MP4//HF, and MP4//MP2 levels. The optimized geometries at ab initio level are in reasonable agreement with experimental data. A detailed account of the bonding in each isomers (1-3) have been carried out in terms of orbital analyses.