• 센서학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.357-361
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• 2006

This paper reports a new technology to implement complex PDMS microchannels, which are simply constructed using three-dimensional photoresist structures as mold for PDMS replica process. The process utilizes LOR resist as a sacrificial layer to levitate the structural photoresist and multi-step exposure to control the thicknesses of photoresist structures. Various shapes of photoresist structures were successfully fabricated. Using the PDMS replica method, the three-dimensional photoresist structures are demonstrated to be applicable for implementing complex microchannels in PDMS. In addition, more complex multilevel microchannels are constructed by bonding two PDMS layers with just single PDMS alignment.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.361-379
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• 2017

In view of the importance of the wind-structure interaction for tall and slender structures, an aeroelastic model test of the 610m-high TV tower with a complex and unique structural configuration and appearance carried out successfully. The assembled aeroelastic model of the TV tower with complex shape and structure was designed and made to ensure the similarities of the major natural frequencies and the corresponding mode shapes. The simulation of the atmospheric boundary layer with higher turbulent intensity is presented. Since the displacement and acceleration responses at several measurement sections were directly measured in the wind tunnel test, a multi-mode approach was presented to indirectly estimate the displacement and acceleration responses at arbitrary structural floors based on the measured ones. It can be seen that it is remarkable for the displacement and acceleration responses of the TV tower in the two horizontal directions under wind loads and is small for the dynamic response of the torsional displacement and acceleration.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.367-372
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• 2003

Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composite, DFRCC has strain hardening property with multiple crack in failed of compressive, tensile, bending force, concrete is not so that. But DFRCC could not use to the building element for which has not structural stiffness only has ductile property. DFRCC is used for repair only in recently. In that reason, we considered the concrete of light weight concrete, porous concrete, mortar complex with DFRCC. and DFRCC reinforced by fiber net, steel bar. In this study, results of experiment on complex method of concrete and DFRC were shown as follows; The complex methods of concrete lay on DFRCC, sandwich layer composition were effective for bending force depending on section size each layer, and reinforce DFRCC by fiber net, steel bar was effective method also.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2005년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.79-83
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• 2005

In the reinforced concrete structure, Even if speak that water leakage occurrence is no problem to material, there is a lot of reasons construction factor, material damage by behavior structure, properties of matter change by years and water leakage part by environment condition. so, waterproofing technological consideration should be gone ahead. In this research, we will study about stick performance, concrete surface adhesive, damage and blow. we will check all things and test it. The stick expansion type complex of flexible material passed on result of standard. It is conducive to concrete of durability by waterproofing layer performance demobilitation technology on the water leakage structure for solution of problem and repair

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.91-104
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• 2022

The purpose of the present work is to study the parametric nonlinear vibration behavior of three layered symmetric laminated plate. In the analytical formulation; both normal and shear deformations are considered in the core layer by means of the refined higher-order zig-zag theory. Harmonic balance method in conjunction with Galerkin procedure is adopted for simply supported laminate plate, to obtain its natural and damping properties. For these aims, a set of complex amplitude equations governed by complex parameters are written accounting for the geometric nonlinearity and viscoelastic damping factor. The frequency response curves are presented and discussed by varying the material and geometric properties of the core layer.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1995

대산공단과 군산공단의 대기오염에 의한 삼림피해현상을 연구하기 위하여 조사구를 각각 5개, 3개씩 설치하였다(1개 조사구 당 면적 500$m^2$). 대산공단 삼림의 교목층 아교목층의 우점종은 소나무와 곰솔이었고 관목층에서는 진달래와 참나무류가 우점종이었다. 종다양도는 0.4859~0.9202 이었으며, 조사구간의 차이가 심하게 나타났다. 토양 pH는 4.67~5.12로 약산성이었다. 대산공단지역에서는 아직 대기오염에 의한 삼림의 피해가 심각하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 군산공단삼림의 교목층 및 아교목층의 우점종은 곰솔과 소나무이었다. 종다양도는 0.8115~l.0983이었고 오염원과 가까운 조사구가 가장 낮게 나타났다. 토양 pH는 4.32~4.76으로 강산성이었다. 군산공단의 오염원 인근삼림은 울산공단과 유사한 피해양상으로 심각한 피해를 받고 있었다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2004

The focus of this study is the promotion of green area volumes and their naturalness, water circulation system, decline of entropy, creation of biological habitats and linkage of separated urban green space. Re-presentative urban biotope survey sites were categorized as urban biotope, semi-natural biotope, and natural forest. In the urban biotope, a residential biotope was constructed near the Han river and in mountain areas. The green-area ratio at the housing complex was about 25%. GVZ(Grunvolumenzahl) was 0.35m$^3$/m$^2$ at the 5∼10-story housing complex, and 1.53m$^3$/m$^2$ over the 11-story. As for the green-area structure of the housing complex, canopy layer, understory layer, and shrub layer were not differentiated and the green-area volume was not high enough. The green-area ratio of school areas as a public area biotope was 5∼20%. GVZ was 1.12m$^3$/m$^2$ at Myungduk High School, and 1.78m$^3$/m$^2$ at Jeonggok Elementary School. In order to convert the urban biotope into an ecological area, green areas around the buildings should be connected to urban buffer green areas, and multi-layer structures should be established with natural plant species. In the semi-natural biotope, neighbor parks were created park in the vicinity of the natural forests. GVZ was 0.28m$^3$/m$^2$, and plantation was established with single layer structure and was definitely insufficient for the area. The urban buffer green areas have been established in strip corridors with the width of 20∼123m. In those areas, GVZ was 0.16∼0.27m$^3$/m$^2$ and had a deficient canopy layer, understory layer, and shrub layer. Soil conditions were not favorable for tree growth. In the natural biotope, GVZ of the plantation was 1.03∼1.5m$^3$/m$^2$ but the high crown closure of this area reduces the chance of species change and succession. GVZ of natural forest was 2.53∼2.57m$^3$/m$^2$. It is desirable to plant diverse plants and the natural forest should be succeeded by broad-leaf deciduous tree species. To improve the value of biotope at Kangseo-Gu, building height needs to be limited to reduce the environmental deterioration in the city. In order to maintain the water circulation system, water-permeable material is recommened when the urban surface areas are paved. The establishment of a water circulation system will improve ground water levels, soil moisture, water quality, and habitats. In order to improve biological diversity, it is desirable to have multi-layer structures in urban green areas with native species.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 1994년도 춘계 총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.55-56
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• 1994

There has been many attempts to improve the membrane performance using pervaporation processes[l-3]. They are 1) blending polymer with the high flux and one with high selectivity, 2) an incorporation of functional groups interacting with permeants into a membrane through copolymerization or modification, 3) composite membrane or asymmetric membrane structure with a thin skin layer which acts as a selective layer. Among them, a polymeric membrane containing ion complex group receives an extensive attention recently because ionic complex is known to activate the water transport through ion-dipole interaction. It is especially advantageous in the separation of organic-water system. We applied the ideas of the activation of water transport through ion-dipole. We have reported on the in-sire complex membrane to separate water from aqueous aceiic acid and pyridme solution[4-5] based on the simple acid-base theory. Water transport was enhanced through in-situ complex between pyridine moiety in the membrane and the incoming acetic acid in the feed. In this case, catalytic transport mechanism was proposed. In the present study we used pyridine solution as a feed and the sulfonic acid group in the membrane.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제59권2호
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• pp.363-368
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• 2010

In this work, electrochemiluminescence (ECL) cell using nanocrysralline $TiO_2$ electrode and Ru(II) complex (Ru${(bpy)_3}^{2+}$) is fabricated for low-cost high-efficient energy conversion device application. The nanocrysrallme $TiO_2$ layer (${\sim}10{\mu}m$ thickness) with large surface area (${\sim}360m^2$/g) can largely inject electrons from nanoporous $TiO_2$ electrode and allows the oxidation/reduction of Ru(II) complex in the nanopores. The cell structure is composed of a glass/ F-doped $SnO_2$(FTO)/ porous $TiO_2$/ Ru(II) complex in acetonitrile/ FTO/ glass. The nanocrysralline $TiO_2$ layer is prepared using sol-gel combustion method. The ECL efficiency of the cell consisting of the porous $TiO_2$ layers was 250 cd/W, which was higher than that consisting of only FTO electrode (50cd/W). The nanoporous $TiO_2$ layers wwas effective for increasine ECL intensities.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.16
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• pp.447-450
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• 2003

In this paper, new luminescent material, 6,11-dihydoxy-5,12-naphtacene-dione Alq3 complex (Alq2-Ncd), 1,4-dihydoxy-5,8-naphtaquinone Alq3 complex(Alq2-Nq) was synthesized. And extended efforts had been made to obtain high-performance electroluminescent(EL) devices, since the first report of organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDS) based on tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum(Alq3). We have performed investigate characterization of the materials. Current-voltage characteristics, luminance-voltage characteristics and luminous efficiency were measured by Flat Panel Display Analysis System(Model 200-AT) at room temperature. An intensive research is going on to improve the device efficiency using the hole injection layer, different electrodes, and etc. By using the hole injection layer, the charge-injection can be controlled and the stability could be improved. This study indicates not only the sterical effect but also some other effects would be responsible for the change of the emission wavelength.