• 건축역사연구
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.77-91
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• 1998

The theory of tectonic appeared in the midst of 19th century as German architects adopted new materials and structural technology, invented by creative engineers, into architectural design. This does not merely mean a technical problem but concern the redefinition of architecture in term of an aesthetic, cultural, and ontological identity. Furthermore it alluded to a desire on the part of architectural theorists to actualize artistic and spiritual goals out of new constructional necessities. Because of their complex discourse that assumed the possibility of communication between philosophical and technical aspects, between ideal and real concerns, tectonics becomes until now the most important issue in architecture. The concept of tectonic was intensively investigated by Gottfried Semper's and Karl B$\ddot{o}$tticher architectural writings. They contributed to clarify the principle aspects of tectonic within architectural, philosophical, and anthropological discourses of 19th century. Gottfried Semper stressed an understanding of how architecture took on physical form in earliest human culture. He placed great importance on the artistic expression of materials. But unlike Semper who argued the cladding of the structural frame by decorative wall system, Karl Botticher required maximum visibility of structural frame. This represents the different positions between Gottfried Semper and Karl Botticher

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.209-221
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• 2009

A control algorithm for seismic protection of building structures based on the theory of variable structural control or sliding mode control is presented. The paper focus in the design of sliding surface. A method for determining the sliding surface by pole assignment algorithm where the poles of the system in the sliding surface are obtained on-line, based on the frequency content of the incoming earthquake signal applied to the structure, is proposed. The proposed algorithm consists of the following steps: (i) On-line FFT process is applied to the incoming part of the signal and its frequency content is recognized. (ii) A transformation of the frequency content to the complex plane is performed and the desired location of poles of the controlled structure on the sliding surface is estimated. (iii) Based on the estimated poles the sliding surface is obtained. (iv) Then, the control force which will drive the response trajectory into the estimated sliding surface and force it to stay there all the subsequent time is obtained using Lyapunov stability theory. The above steps are repeated continuously for the entire duration of the incoming earthquake. The potential applications and the effectiveness of the improved control algorithm are demonstrated by numerical examples. The simulation results indicate that the response of a structure is reduced significantly compared to the response of the uncontrolled structure, while the required control demand is achievable.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.54-69
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• 2012

Chan and Qi (SCM 8/3 (2003) 209) developed an innovative measurement method that aggregates performance measures in a supply chain into an overall performance index. The method is useful and makes a significant contribution to supply chain management. Nevertheless, it can be cumbersome in computation due to its highly complex algorithmic fuzzy model. In aggregating the performance information, weights used by Chan and Qi-which aim to address the imprecision of human judgments-are incompatible with weights in additive models. Furthermore, the default assumption of linearity of its scoring procedure could lead to an inaccurate assessment of the overall performance. This paper addresses these limitations by developing an alternative measurement that takes care of the above. This research integrates three different approaches to multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA)-the multiattribute value theory (MAVT), the swing weighting method and the eigenvector procedure-to develop a comprehensive assessment of supply chain performance. One case study is presented to demonstrate the measurement of the proposed method. The performance model used in the case study relies on the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model level 1. With this measurement method, supply chain managers can easily benchmark the performance of the whole system, and then analyze the effectiveness and efficiency of the supply chain.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.431-442
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• 2019

Vibration analysis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is very essential field owing to their many promising applications in tiny instruments. In current study, the Eringen's nonlocal elasticity theory with clamped-clamped and clamped-free end conditions is utilized for the vibration analysis of armchair and zigzag SWCNTs. The Fourier method is utilized to solve the ordinary differential equation. The motion equation for this system is developed using a novel wave propagation method. Complex exponential functions have been used and the axial model depends on BCs that has been described at the edges of CNTs. The behavior of different nonlocal parameters is considered to find the vibrational frequency of SWCNTs. It is exhibited that the effect of frequencies against aspect ratio by varying the bending rigidity. It has been investigated that by increasing the nonlocal parameter decreases the frequencies and on increasing the aspect ratio increases the frequencies for both the tubes. To generate the fundamental natural frequencies of SWCNTs, computer software MATLAB engaged. The numerical results are validated with existing open text. Since the percentage of error is negligible, the model has been concluded as valid.

• BMB Reports
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2019

Aging is accompanied by a time-dependent progressive deterioration of multiple factors of the cellular system. The past several decades have witnessed major leaps in our understanding of the biological mechanisms of aging using dietary, genetic, pharmacological, and physical interventions. Metabolic processes, including nutrient sensing pathways and mitochondrial function, have emerged as prominent regulators of aging. Mitochondria have been considered to play a key role largely due to their production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in DNA damage that accumulates over time and ultimately causes cellular failure. This theory, known as the mitochondrial free radical theory of aging (MFRTA), was favored by the aging field, but increasing inconsistent evidence has led to criticism and rejection of this idea. However, MFRTA should not be hastily rejected in its entirety because we now understand that ROS is not simply an undesired toxic metabolic byproduct, but also an important signaling molecule that is vital to cellular fitness. Notably, mitochondrial function, a term traditionally referred to bioenergetics and apoptosis, has since expanded considerably. It encompasses numerous other key biological processes, including the following: (i) complex metabolic processes, (ii) intracellular and endocrine signaling/communication, and (iii) immunity/inflammation. Here, we will discuss shortcomings of previous concepts regarding mitochondria in aging and their emerging roles based on recent advances. We will also discuss how the mitochondrial genome integrates with major theories on the evolution of aging.

• 한국언어정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국언어정보학회 2002년도 Language, Information, and Computation Proceedings of The 16th Pacific Asia Conference
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• pp.2-27
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• 2002

As pact of a long-ranged project that aims at establishing database-theoretic semantics as a model of computational semantics, this presentation focuses on the development of a syntactic component for processing strings of words or sentences to construct semantic data structures. For design arid modeling purposes, the present treatment will be restricted to the analysis of some problematic constructions of Korean involving semi-free word order, conjunction arid temporal anchoring, and adnominal modification and antecedent binding. The present work heavily relies on Hausser's (1999, 2000) SLIM theory for language that is based on surface compositionality, time-linearity arid two other conditions on natural language processing. Time-linear syntax for natural language has been shown to be conceptually simple and computationally efficient. The associated semantics is complex, however, because it must deal with situated language involving interactive multi-agents. Nevertheless, by processing input word strings in a time-linear mode, the syntax cart incrementally construct the necessary semantic structures for relevant queries and valid inferences. The fragment of Korean syntax will be implemented in Malaga, a C-type implementation language that was enriched for both programming and debugging purposes arid that was particluarly made suitable for implementing in Left-Associative Grammar. This presentation will show how the system of syntactic rules with constraining subrules processes Korean sentences in a step-by-step time-linear manner to incrementally construct semantic data structures that mainly specify relations with their argument, temporal, and binding structures.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.397-401
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• 2016

The quality control is a fundamental procedure for the standardization of herbal medicine to guarantee the consistency of efficacy and safety. For a long time, the quality analysis of herbal medicine has been largely dependent on the routine sensory evaluation, such as taste, smell, color, and shape. However, with the recent development of analytical instruments, various scientific approaches have been introduced in this field. On the basis of the theory that the biological activities of herbal medicine are mainly contributed by its chemical compositions, several types of chemical markers have been suggested for the quality evaluation. In addition to the analytical methods for the specific marker compound(s), including analytical marker and active marker, recently, chemical fingerprinting, a method comparing the chromatographic pattern of the whole chemical components, has been developed and widely accepted as a reliable approach for the quality control of herbal medicine. Moreover, in order to exactly understand the relationship between complex compounds and their holistic biological activities in herbal medicine, unique strategies, such as "BECCs (bioactive equivalent combinatorial components)" and "PhytomicsQC" have been established. In this article, we give an overview of the several categories of chemical markers and the recent research trends for the quality evaluation of herbal medicine.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.435-441
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• 2013

A swarm robot system consists of with multiple mobile robots, each of which is called an agent. Each agent interacts with others and cooperates for a given task and a given environment. For the swarm robotic system, the loss of the entire work capability by malfunction or damage to a single robot is relatively small and replacement and repair of the robot is less costly. So, it is suitable to perform more complex tasks. The essential component for a swarm robotic system is an inter-robot collaboration strategy for teamwork. Recently, the swarm intelligence theory is applied to robotic system domain as a new framework of collective robotic system design. In this paper, FA (Firefly Algorithm) which is based on firefly's reaction to the lights of other fireflies and their social behavior is employed to optimize the group behavior of multiple robots. The main application of the firefly algorithm is performed on path planning of swarm mobile robots and its effectiveness is verified by simulations under various conditions.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.613-620
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• 1992

최근, 퍼지 이론에 따른 정보 처리는 여러 분야에서 그 유효성이 기대되어 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 그러나, 일반적인 퍼지 제어 시스템에서는 실제 많은 입력변수의 도입에 따른 퍼지 소속 함수간의 연산 및 추론 시간이 크게 증가되므로, 최근 퍼지 연산을 보다 효과적으로 고속, 병렬 처리 할 수 있는 새로운 퍼지 추론 시스템의 구현이 요구되고 있다.따라서, 본 논문에서는 병렬 및 실시간 처리가 가능한 새로운 접근 방법으로 2차원 공간 광 변조기와 디지털 이미지 보드를 이용한 광 퍼지 추론 시스템을 구성하고, 실제 퍼지 에어컨 시스템에 이를 적용한 실험 결과를 통해 새로운 실시간 광 퍼지 추론 시스템의 구현가능성을 제시 하였다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.197-201
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• 2018

There is a general consensus that many health care problems are attributable to the structural defects of the health care delivery system in Korea. The basic policy aimed to address these problems is to reform the delivery system so as that it incorporates two core principles: (1) stratification of medical care institutions into primary, secondary, and tertiary care providers according to the capability to perform specialized and complex services; (2) patients seeking care starting from the primary care provider and, if necessary, to be referred to the other provider step by step. This policy has been consistently pursued for about 30 years, but the achievement is far from success. Thus it is believed that the feasibility of the policy should be questioned. Starting from this question, based upon the observation of the current structure of the delivery system and its expected changes, the reform policy was discussed focusing on the assessment of its feasibility from both practical and theoretical viewpoints. The discussion leads to cast doubt on the policy for its possibility of making planned changes and producing expected desirable effects. Therefore it is advisable to investigate a wide range of alternative strategies and models for improving health care delivery.