• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.187-194
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• 2004

A short peptide corresponding to the nuclear localization signal (NLS) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-l Tat protein, Arg-Lys-Lys-Arg-Arg-Gln-Arg-Arg-Arg, was employed to improve the efficiency of cellular uptake of nucleic acids. The peptide was first mixed with a reporter plasmid and then with cationic liposomes to form a tripartite complex of DNA/peptide/liposomes (DPL). Transfection efficiency of the DPL complex was compared with that of the conventional DNA/liposomes (DL) complex. When the DPL complex was formed with various cationic liposomes, DOTAP/DOPE (DP) liposome exhibited superior transfection efficiency to other liposomes tested in vitro. With the inclusion of the peptide, the DPL complex showed much enhanced transfection in various cancer cell lines. Particularly, transfection of the DPL complex in serum increased cellular uptake of a transgene up to 2 fold when compared with that in a serum free condition. Further, when the DPL complex was infused through the ureteric route of a rat, transfection efficiency was shown to be better in reporter gene expression than that obtained with the DL complex. This study shows that the DPL complex that is easy to formulate can be employed for much enhanced cellular uptake of a trans gene.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.731-737
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• 2003

Mucinase complex from V. parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802 was purified 6-fold with 0.4% yield by two sequential steps of Q-Sepharose and Superdex 200HR column chromatographies. Partially purified mucinase complex showed at least 8 times higher mucin-degrading activity than the culture filtrates. The mucinase complex also showed gelatin-and-casein-hydrolyzing activities, which demonstrates that the protein is a complex compound containing several proteases. The optimum pH and temperature of partially purified mucinase complex for mucin degradation was 8.0 and $35^{\circ}C$, respectively. The partially purified mucinase complex showed high cytotoxic activity on vero cells when examined by MTT assay and microscopic observations. Cytotoxicity was significantly increased in proportion to the concentration of the mucinase complex. Mouse experiments revealed that the jejunum, ileum. and large intestinal tissues were damaged by the injection of the mucinase complex. In particular, the reduction of the goblet cells in the large intestine was remarkable. Collectively, these data suggest that the mucinase complex partially purified from V. parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802 contributes to the adhesion and invasion of V. parahaemolyticus into the host intestinal tract.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.1-6
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• 1966

Various thiocyanatoammine chromium complex salts are prepared by the known methods and the Rf. value of these complex salts are determined by four developers. These four developers were used in the paper chromatographical work of cobalt complex salts by Yamamoto in 1954. It was also found that the developer A (Ch$_{3}$OH, acetone, NH$_{4}$OH) gave best results of these four developers and the decending development gave better results than ascending development in this experiment. In the case of decending development using developer A, it is found that the Rf. value is increased with the number of thiocyanate radical. The reason of this curious results can be explained that the thiocyanate radical in the complex ion is more active for the organic solvent than ammine radical. Shifting of electrons to the central metal and the charge of the complex ion can also effect ot the Rf. value but much questions are remained for the explanation of the above curious phenomenon. Separation of mixed sample is also studied for various mixture of the above complex salts. In the case of the mixture of hexammine and diammine complex salt, the clear separation is possible but in almost all other mixed sample, the results are not clear. Therefore it can be said that the results of this work can be used in the qualitative analysis of the individual complex salts, except the mixed sample of hexammine and diammine complex salts.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.149-158
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• 1995

The capacity of inclusion complex formation between ${\alpha}$-, ${\beta}$-, ${\gamma}$-cyclodextrins(CDs) and various compounds, such as pH indicators, biloslalns, glycoside, amino acid, and fatty acids, was compared. Fatty acid was identified as the most suitable ligand for fractionation of CDs in terms of capacity and selectivity. The effects of complex formation conditions, such as, mixing ratio of CD and fatty acid, pH, ionic strength, and temperature, on the capacity of fatty acrid-CD complex was also investigated. The carbon number of fatty acids was identified as the most significant factor determining the capacity and selectivity of inclusion complex formation of CDs. Capric acid(C10) and palmitic acid(C16) showed high specificity for ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-CDs, respectively. Under the optimal conditions, the molar ratio of complex formed was found to be 1.0:2.6 for ${\alpha}$-CD/capric acid and 1.0:1.9 for ${\beta}$-CD/palmitic acid. X-ray diffraction and infrared spectrum of the formed inclusion complex were analyzed. The changes of enthalpy($\Delta$H) of the inclusion complex formation reaction was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry, showed that the reaction was endothermic.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.202-209
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• 1974

Polarographic behaviors of copper and cadmium complexes with 2,2'-bipyridine and ethylenediamine in acetonitrile have been investigated by the DC and AC polarography. The reduction processes are estimated as follows; $Cu(II)-bipy. \;complex\;{\longrightarrow^{e^-}_{E_{1/2}\risingdotseq+0.1V}}\;Cu(I)-bipy.\;complex\;{\longrightarrow^{e^-}_{E_{1/2}=-0.43V}}\;Cu(Hg)$$Cu(II)-en.\;complex\;{\longrightarrow^{e^-}}\;Cu(I)-en.\;complex\;{times}\;{\longrightarrow^{e^-}_{E_{1/2}=-0.56V}}\;Cu(Hg)$$Cu(II)-bipy. \;complex\;{\longrightarrow^{e^-}_{E_{1/2}=-0.57V}}\;Cu(I)-bipy.\;complex\;{\longrightarrow^{2e^-}_{E_{1/2}=-0.97V}}\;Cd(I)-bipy\;complex$$Cu(II)-en.\;complex\;{\longrightarrow^{e^-}_{E_{1/2}=+0.05V}\;Cu(I)-en.\;complex{\longrightarrow^{e^-}_{E_{1/2}=-0.92V}}\;Cu(Hg)$ The limiting currents of all steps are controlled by diffusion. The number of ligand and the dissociation constant for Cu(Ⅰ)-bipy. complex were found to be n = 2 and $K_d=(1.5{\pm}0.1){\times}10^{-7}$, respectively.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.135-145
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• 2000

The purpose of this paper is to study the Chern-type problem of the complete space-like submanifolds of an indefinite complex space form.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2012

In this paper, we prove that a complex Finsler manifold is a complex locally Minkowski space if and only if it is a strictly K$\ddot{a}$hler-Berwald manifold with zero holomorphic sectional curvature.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.182-188
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose a complex-valued support vector machine (SVM) classifier which process the complex valued signal measured by pulse doppler radar (PDR) to identify moving targets from the background. SVM is widely applied in the field of pattern recognition, but features which used to classify are almost real valued data. Proposed complex-valued SVM can classify the moving target using real valued data, imaginary valued data, and cross-information data. To design complex-valued SVM, we consider slack variables of real and complex axis, and use the KKT (Karush-Kuhn-Tucker) conditions for complex data. Also we apply radial basis function (RBF) as a kernel function which use a distance of complex values. To evaluate the performance of the complex-valued SVM, complex valued data from PDR were classified using real-valued SVM and complex-valued SVM. The proposed complex-valued SVM classification was improved compared to real-valued SVM for dog and human, respectively 8%, 10%, have been improved.

• BMB Reports
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• v.55 no.11
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• pp.528-534
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• 2022

Mitochondria are cellular organelles that perform various functions within cells. They are responsible for ATP production, cell-signal regulation, autophagy, and cell apoptosis. Because the mitochondrial proteins that perform these functions need Ca²⁺ ions for their activity, mitochondria have ion channels to selectively uptake Ca²⁺ ions from the cytoplasm. The ion channel known to play the most important role in the Ca²⁺ uptake in mitochondria is the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) holo-complex located in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). This ion channel complex exists in the form of a complex consisting of the pore-forming protein through which the Ca²⁺ ions are transported into the mitochondrial matrix, and the auxiliary protein involved in regulating the activity of the Ca²⁺ uptake by the MCU holo-complex. Studies of this MCU holo-complex have long been conducted, but we didn't know in detail how mitochondria uptake Ca²⁺ ions through this ion channel complex or how the activity of this ion channel complex is regulated. Recently, the protein structure of the MCU holo-complex was identified, enabling the mechanism of Ca²⁺ uptake and its regulation by the MCU holo-complex to be confirmed. In this review, I will introduce the mechanism of action of the MCU holo-complex at the molecular level based on the Cryo-EM structure of the MCU holo-complex to help understand how mitochondria uptake the necessary Ca²⁺ ions through the MCU holo-complex and how these Ca²⁺ uptake mechanisms are regulated.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.29-38
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to understand the actual condition of Bogumjari Housing Complex residents' management consciousness and to provide suggestions on ways to induce residents' volunteer participation and practice of the apartment management. This study was performed on Bogumjari Housing Complex which was occupied in 2012 and the similar-sized apartment complex of the private condominium to compare and analyze their actual condition of management and consciousness of their residents. The results of the analysis could be summarized as follows: 1) In terms of management of operation, there is no distinct difference. In terms of maintenance management, Bogumjari Housing Complex has difficulty in maintenance because of lack of management manpower. Also, the apartment complex of the private condominium has higher spontaneous participation rate, which seems to be influenced by activation of various organizations. 2) In terms of the satisfaction of management process, Bogumjari Housing Complex has have higher satisfaction with promotion of the apartment Management Rules, but it has lower satisfaction with public hygiene, community facility maintenance and operation of program than that of apartment complex of the private condominium. 3) Bogumjari Housing Complex has higher maintenance and participation consciousness, drawing conclusion that Bogumjari Housing Complexs' residents have higher expectations for apartment, a keen interest and strong will.