• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.569-581
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• 2017

The Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) based seismic fragility analysis (SFA) approach allows defining more realistic relationship between failure probability and seismic intensity. However, the approach requires simulating large number of nonlinear dynamic analyses of structure for reliable estimate of fragility. It makes the approach computationally challenging. The response surface method (RSM) based metamodeling approach which replaces computationally involve complex mechanical model of a structure is found to be a viable alternative in this regard. An adaptive moving least squares method (MLSM) based RSM in the MCS framework is explored in the present study for efficient SFA of existing structures. In doing so, the repetition of seismic intensity for complete generation of fragility curve is avoided by including this as one of the predictors in the response estimate model. The proposed procedure is elucidated by considering a non-linear SDOF system and an existing reinforced concrete frame considered to be located in the Guwahati City of the Northeast region of India. The fragility results are obtained by the usual least squares based and the proposed MLSM based RSM and compared with that of obtained by the direct MCS technique to study the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.33-40
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• 2004

According as client/server is generalized by development of computer performance and information communication technology, Servers uses local cache for extensibility and early response time, and reduction of limited bandwidth. Consistency of cached data need between server and client this time and much technique are proposed according to this. This Paper improved update frequency cache consistency in old. Existent consistency techniques is disadvantage that response time is late because synchronous declaration or abort step increases because delaying write intention declaration. Techniques that is proposed in this paper did to perform referring update time about object that page request or when complete update operation happens to solve these problem. Therefore, have advantage that response is fast because could run write intention declaration or update by sel_mode electively asynchronously when update operation consists and abort step decreases and clearer selection.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.527-542
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• 2005

The main objective of this study is to examine the accuracy of the complete quadratic combination (CQC) rule with the modal responses defined by the ordinates of the uniform hazard spectra (UHS) to evaluate the peak responses of the multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) systems subjected to nonstationary seismic excitations. For the probabilistic analysis of the peak responses, it is considered that the seismic excitations can be modeled using evolutionary power spectra density functions with uncertain model parameters. More specifically, a seismological model and the Kanai-Tajimi model with the boxcar or the exponential modulating functions were used to define the evolutionary power spectral density functions in this study. A set of UHS was obtained based on the probabilistic analysis of transient responses of single-degree-of-freedom systems subjected to the seismic excitations. The results of probabilistic analysis of the peak responses of MDOF systems were obtained, and compared with the peak responses calculated by using the CQC rule with the modal responses given by the UHS. The comparison seemed to indicate that the use of the CQC rule with the commonly employed correlation coefficient and the peak modal responses from the UHS could lead to significant under- or over-estimation when contributions from each of the modes are similarly significant.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.2057-2060
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• 2014

Purpose: To assess the effect and safety of lobaplatin combinated floxuridine /pirarubicin in transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization(TACE) of unresectable primary liver cancer. Patients and Methods: TACE combined with the chemotherapy regimen was used to treat 34 unresectable primary liver cancer patients. DSA/MRI/CT/blood routine examinations were used to evaluate short term activity and toxicity after 4-5 weeks, the process being repeated if necessary. Results: Among the 34 cases, 1 (2.9%) showed a complete response, 21 (61.7%) a partial response, 8 (23.5%) stable disease, and 4 progressive disease, with a total effective rate of 67.6%. The content of alpha fetoprotein dropped by over 50% in 20 cases (58.8%). The rate of recovery was hepatalgia (88.2%), ascites (47.1%), appetite (55.9%), Performance Status(30.4%). The median follow-up time (MFT) was 281 days (63-558 days), and median progression-free survival was 118.5 days (95%, CI:88.8-148.2days). Adverse reactions (III-IV grade) were not common, with only 4 cases of vomiting and 2 cases of thrombocytopenia (III grade). Conclusions: Lobaplatin-based TACE is an effective and safe treatment for primary liver cancer.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.1470-1476
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• 2001

Kou Woan Lao is an oriental-style dairy product, which is coagulated by milk-clotting enzyme from the culture filtrate of lao-chao. The product appears smooth, sweet, slightly wine flavour, and the flavour differs from yogurt. The aim of this study was to search for the optimum model to shorten the period of manufacture, and to improve the quality of Kou Woan Lao. A response surface design was used for studying the effects of addition of carrageenan, locust bean gum, and culture filtrate from lao-chao on the curd firmness, viscosity, and syneresis. Results indicated that the best rheological property, preservative quality and acceptability of Kou Woan Lao could be obtained by the combination of 0.22% carrageenan, 0.21 % locust bean gum and 12% culture filtrate from lao-chao. The curd firmness, viscosity and syneresis of resultant product were 29.3 g, 21,347.7 cps, and 8.92%, respectively and the microstructure of the curd revealed a relatively complete three-dimensional spider web-like structure.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.93-104
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to identify the determinants of the long-term influence of violence on hospital nurses. Methods : Three-hundred hospital nurses were recruited in B city, South Korea. They were asked to complete a questionnaire, and 282 data- sets were included in the multiple regression analysis. Results : Subjects experienced more episodes of verbal violence than that of physical threats or physical violence. Assailants tended to be patients and their caretakers rather than internal customers. Nurses who had religion, worked in a surgical ward, and a 3-6 year career perceived a high level of violent experiences compared to their counterparts. The determinants of the long-term influence of violence were physical violence (t=-2.705, p=.007), emotion-focused coping (t=3.049, p=.003), and emotional response (t=3.611, p<.001). The model was statistically significant explaining 13.0% of the variance (F=14.981, p<.001). Conclusions : Nurse managers should help nurses who are victims of hospital violence by teaching them not to depend on emotion-focused coping and by alleviating their emotional response to violence.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.300-307
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• 2019

Objectives : This study details on a case of acupotomy for relapsed lateral malleolar bursitis. Methods : A 71-year-old woman with lateral malleolar bursitis was treated with acupotomy twice in an outpatient setting. A sterilized, disposable, blade width 0.5 mm × needle length 50 mm sized acupotomy was administered on GB40 and BL62 on each visit. Pain intensity assessment using Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and the response evaluation criteria was conducted right after each treatment. Results : Pain on NRS declined from 5 to less than 1 after twice of acupotomy treatment. This result was regarded as 'Complete Response' using the response evaluation criteria. There were no side effects during whole treatment procedure at all. Conclusions : It is turned out that acupotomy can have a positive clinical effect on lateral malleolar bursitis in this case without any adverse effect. Further controlled studies on acupotomy for lateral malleolar bursitis are required for clinical application.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.541-562
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• 2015

This paper aims at developing the knowledge on the seismic behavior of dowel beam-to-column connections, typically employed in precast buildings in Europe. Despite the large diffusion of the industrial buildings, a high seismic vulnerability was exhibited by these structures, mostly due to the connection systems deficiencies, during some recent earthquakes (Emilia 2012, Turkey 2011). An experimental campaign was conducted on a typical dowel connection between an external column and a roof beam. In this paper, the performed cyclic shear test is described. According to the experimental results, the seismic response of the system is evaluated in terms of strength, stiffness and failure mechanism. Moreover, the complete damage pattern of the test is described by means of the instrumentations records. The connection failure occurred due to the concrete cover failure in the column (splitting failure). Such a mechanism corresponds to a negligible energy dissipation capacity of the connection, compared to the overall seismic response of the structure. The experimental results are also compared with the results of a similar monotonic shear test, as well as with some literature relationships for predicting the strength of dowel connections under horizontal (seismic) loads.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.169-189
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• 2015

Convergence difficulty and available complete measurement information have been considered as two primary challenges for the identification of large-scale engineering structures. In this paper, a time domain substructural identification approach by combining a weighted adaptive iteration (WAI) algorithm and an extended Kalman filter method with a weighted global iteration (EFK-WGI) algorithm was proposed for simultaneous identification of physical parameters of concerned substructures and unknown external excitations applied on it with limited response measurements. In the proposed approach, according to the location of the unknown dynamic loadings and the partially available structural response measurements, part of structural parameters of the concerned substructure and the unknown loadings were first identified with the WAI approach. The remaining physical parameters of the concerned substructure were then determined by EFK-WGI basing on the previously identified loadings and substructural parameters. The efficiency and accuracy of the proposed approach was demonstrated via a 20-story shear building structure and 23 degrees of freedom (DOFs) planar truss model with unknown external excitation and limited observations. Results show that the proposed approach is capable of satisfactorily identifying both the substructural parameters and unknown loading within limited iterations when both the excitation and dynamic response are partially unknown.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.161-179
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• 2015

An emergency response system (ERS) for vessel oil spills is a complex and dynamic system comprising a number of subsystems and activities. Failures may occur during the emergency response operations, this has negative impacts on the effectiveness of the ERS. Of the classes of problems in analyzing failures, the lack of quantitative data is fundamental. In fact, most of the empirical data collected via questionnaire survey is subjective in nature and is inevitably associated with uncertainties caused by the human being's inability to provide complete judgement. In addition, incomplete information and/or vagueness of the meaning about the failures add difficulties in evaluating the effectiveness of the system. Therefore this paper proposes a framework to evaluate the ERS effectiveness by using the combination of fuzzy reasoning and evidential synthesis approaches. Based on analyzing the procedure of ERS for oil spills, the failures in the system could be identified, using Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)to determine the relative weight of identified failures. Fuzzy reasoning combined with evidential synthesis is applied to evaluate the effectiveness of ERS for oil spills under uncertainties last. The proposed method is capable of dealing with uncertainties in data including ignorance and vagueness which traditional methods cannot effectively handle. A case study is used to illustrate the application of the proposed method.