• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.22-31
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• 2014

Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the complementary and substitute relationships between the use of Korean medicine (KM) and that of Western medicine (WM) in the treatment of musculoskeletal disease. Methods: We analyzed the 2009 Korea Health Panel dataset. General characteristics and the medical utilization of respondents were analyzed descriptively. Logistic regression, negative binominal regression, and Tobit regression analysis were used to identify the relationships between the use of KM and the use, visit frequency, and expenses of WM, respectively. Results: In the treatment of musculoskeletal disease, KM use and non-herbal treatments with Korean medicine significantly reduced WM use. Herb medication use significantly increased WM visit frequency. There were no significant relationships between KM use and WM expenses. Conclusions: There are substitute relationships between WM use and KM use, especially non-herbal treatments in KM. Therefore we need to develop the clinical protocols of KM and WM treatments in the treatment of musculoskeletal disease for proper distribution medical resources.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.699-715
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• 2015

A modal parameter based damage sensitive feature (DSF) is defined to mimic the relative change in any diagonal element of the stiffness matrix of a model of a structure. The damage assessment is performed in a statistical pattern recognition framework using empirical complementary cumulative distribution functions (ECCDFs) of the DSFs extracted from measured operational vibration response data. Methods are discussed to perform probabilistic structural health assessment with respect to the following questions: (a) "Is there a change in the current state of the structure compared to the baseline state?", (b) "Does the change indicate a localized stiffness reduction or increase?", with the latter representing a situation of retrofitting operations, and (c) "What is the severity of the change in a probabilistic sense?". To identify a range of normal structural variations due to environmental and operational conditions, lower and upper bound ECCDFs are used to define the baseline structural state. Such an approach attempts to decouple "non-damage" related variations from damage induced changes, and account for the unknown environmental/operational conditions of the current state. The damage assessment procedure is discussed using numerical simulations of ambient vibration testing of a bridge deck system, as well as shake table experimental data from a 4-story steel frame.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.52-56
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• 1976

60 rice cultivars were surveyed for the posses of C and A complementary genes which is responsible to the anthocyan colouration. Most of Japonica derived cultivars belong to O group which do not have either C or A gene, and a few belong to C group which has C gene. Indica derived latest cultivars belong to A group which has A gene.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.22-28
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• 2007

High PAPR (peak-to-average power ratio) is a major drawback of OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) signals. In this paper, a modified SLM (selective mapping) technique that uses erasure decoding of RS (Reed-Solomon) codes is presented. At the transmitter a set of phase sequences are multiplied such that some portions of check symbols in RS-coded OFDM data blocks are phase-rotated. At the receiver, RS decoding is performed with the phase-rotated check symbols being treated as erasures. Hence, there is no need to send side information about the phase sequence selected to transmit for the lowest PAPR. In addition, the estimation process for the selected phase sequence is no longer needed at the receiver, leading to improvement in terms of complexity and performance. To evaluate the performance of this technique, the CCDF (complementary cumulative distribution function) of PAPR, the BER (bit error rate) and the decoding failure probability are compared with those of the previous SLM techniques.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.spc1
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• pp.58-66
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• 2006

The rice quality related traits including physico-chemical traits were evaluated with one hundred sixty-four MG RILs derived from the cross between Milyang 23, Indica/Japonica hybrid type, and Gihobyeo, Japonica type. The variation distribution of all traits examined approximately fit normal distribution and transgressive segregants over parents were observed for all traits. The occurrence of such transgression could be associated with the interactions of complementary QTL alleles from two parents. However in this study, it could not be concluded that our results of segregation were due to either complementary gene effects or overdominance of a major gene. These factors should be verified by further studies. Correlations between traits were evaluated by regressing phenotypic values of one trait on those of another traits. There are highly significant correlation between grain thickness with grain width, white core and white belly. But between white belly and alkali digestion value showed highly negative significant correlation. Contents of protein showed highly negative correlation with amylose and Mg/K ratio but showed highly correlation with K and Fat contents. Hardness of cooked rice showed highly correlation with adhesiveness, elasticity, gumminess, chewiness.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2008

The high peak-to-average power ratio(PAPR) of the transmitted signals is one of the major drawbacks of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM). The partial transmit sequences(PTS) technique can improve the PAPR statistics of the OFDM signals. However, in the PTS technique, the computational complexity to select phase weighting factors increases exponentially with the number of sub-blocks. In this paper, a search algorithm that has no limit on the values of phase weighting factors and requires no additional operations for the search is presented. To evaluate the performance, the proposed search algorithm is compared with the full search algorithm in terms of the complementary cumulative distribution function(CCDF) of the PAPR and the computational complexity. It is shown through simulations that the proposed technique can achieve significant reductions in the computational complexity with little performance degradation compared with the full search algorithm.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.37-44
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• 1999

A number of the retail and traditional market customer is decrease, whereas that of the supermarket in department-store customers in is increase. This case suggests that customers have a preference for much more comfortable and pleasant shopping places And making a resonable purchase in the supermarkets where we can find various goods and price zone, is now garden variety. It is a current course that once the manager ask an architect for multi-functional space design in department-store and then the architect compose a team and start to design. Of course, the team of planner thinking manage give the design team the basic material data such as commerce analysis and the use of each layer in the department store but, the design team solve the assignment by architectural form, functional space plan and the limited architecture law. After establishing general design for architecture, we can ask shopping-mall distribution, products display and interior design of the interior design general design for architecture, we can ask shopping-mall distribution, products display and interior design of the interior design team. so it is inevitable that the interior design team concerning M·D can find lots of complementary factors with architecture design. The purpose of this study is analyzing the differences of architecture design, which has to accept the limited law and interior design concerning M·D, satisfying the structure and the law in the future design for the department-store. Also the purpose of this thesis is suggestion the items architects and interior designers research into together to make the inner space ideally.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.32 no.8C
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• pp.775-781
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• 2007

In this paper, a modified PTS(Partial Transmit Sequences) technique that uses erasure decoding of RS (Reed-Solomon) codes is presented. At the transmitter, some check symbols in a RS codeword partitioned into subblocks are phase-rotated by phase factors. The receiver decodes received codewords by regarding the phase-rotated check symbols as erasures. Hence, this technique does not need to transmit the side information about the phase factors chosen at the transmitter. The complexity of the receiver is also reduced since the estimation process for the phase factors is not required in the receiver. There is no performance degradation due to the transmission error of the side information or the estimation error of the phase factors. To evaluate the performance of the proposed PTS technique, the CCDF(Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function) of PAPR and the BER(Bit Error Rate) are compared with those of the conventional PTS techniques.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2013

It is necessary to develop the next generation FTS which is suitable for our environment and effectively operates many launch vehicles. Standard tone, Secure tone, MHA, EFTS and DSSS are studied for the next generation FTS. FTS requires a high quality of performance and reliability because of their specific mission. And few FTSs are needed but the price is very expensive. Therefore we must investigate a part of the FTS whether the part can be reused for a part of the next FTS. In this paper, we use CCDF of the transmitted signal from FTS as the method to study a possibility of reusing HPA used in the present system. The simulation results show that PEP of Standard tone is 0.21dB and Secure tone and MHA has the same PEP. CPFSK's PEP is 1.81dB and PEP of DSSS using BPSK modulation is 2.6dB.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.35-39
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• 2009

The equal distribution of the gravity as well as the topographic data is an essential factor in the precision geoid determination. In this study, the area where needs the supplementary gravity survey is assigned through a simulation to build the 5cm level geoid. Based on the current distribution of the gravity data which results in the 8cm level of the precision over all, we extract the area which shows the errors larger than 30 cm. Then, the area is assumed to be filled with gravity data with 2km interval which is turned out to be successfully improving the overall accuracy up to 5cm. Therefore, it is recommended that the supplementary gravity survey should be conducted in mountainous area such as eastern and mid-northern part of Kangwon-Do to achieve the 5cm accuracy on the geoid.