• Composites Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 1999

The effects of fiber waviness on tensile/compressive nonlinear elastic behaviors of graphite/epoxy unidirectional composite materials are studied theoretically and experimentally. New constitutive models are proposed to predict elastic properties and tensile/compressive nonlinear behaviors of composite materials. Three types of wavy pattern are considered: uniform, graded and localized fiber waviness. Complementary energy density and incremental method are used to incorporate the material and geometrical nonlinearities due to fiber waviness. Tensile/compressive tests are conducted on the specimens with fiber waviness. It is found that the predictions are in good agreement with the experimental results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Statistical Society Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.17-23
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• 2005

In this paper we consider the well-known semiparametric proportional hazards models for survival analysis. These models are usually used with few covariates and many observations (subjects). But, for a typical setting of gene expression data from DNA microarray, we need to consider the case where the number of covariates p exceeds the number of samples n. For a given vector of response values which are times to event (death or censored times) and p gene expressions(covariates), we address the issue of how to reduce the dimension by selecting the significant genes. This approach enables us to estimate the survival curve when n ${\ll}$p. In our approach, rather than fixing the number of selected genes, we will assign a prior distribution to this number. The approach creates additional flexibility by allowing the imposition of constraints, such as bounding the dimension via a prior, which in effect works as a penalty To implement our methodology, we use a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. We demonstrate the use of the methodology to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) complementary DNA (cDNA) data and Breast Carcinomas data.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.193-207
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• 2014

In this paper we explore the emergence of the notion of compactness within its historical beginning through rigor versus intuition modes in the treatment of Dirichlet's principle. We emphasize on the intuition in Riemann's statement on the principle criticized by Weierstrass' requirement of rigor followed by Hilbert's restatement again criticized by Hadamard, which pushed the ascension of the notion of compactness in the analysis of PDEs. A brief overview of some techniques and problems involving compactness is presented illustrating the importance of this notion. Compactness is discussed here to raise educational issues regarding rigor vs intuition in mathematical studies. The concept of compactness advanced rapidly after Weierstrass's famous criticism of Riemann's use of the Dirichlet principle. The rigor of Weierstrass contributed to establishment of the concept of compactness, but such a focus on rigor blinded mathematicians to big pictures. Fortunately, Poincar$\acute{e}$ and Hilbert defended Riemann's use of the Dirichlet principle and found a balance between rigor and intuition. There is no theorem without rigor, but we should not be a slave of rigor. Rigor (highly detailed examination with toy models) and intuition (broader view with real models) are essentially complementary to each other.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.53-74
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• 2009

In recent years, several computer-aided pattern recognition and data mining techniques have been developed for modeling of soil behavior. The main idea behind a pattern recognition system is that it learns adaptively from experience and is able to provide predictions for new cases. Artificial neural networks are the most widely used pattern recognition methods that have been utilized to model soil behavior. Recently, the authors have pioneered the application of genetic programming (GP) and evolutionary polynomial regression (EPR) techniques for modeling of soils and a number of other geotechnical applications. The paper reviews applications of pattern recognition and data mining systems in geotechnical engineering with particular reference to constitutive modeling of soils. It covers applications of artificial neural network, genetic programming and evolutionary programming approaches for soil modeling. It is suggested that these systems could be developed as efficient tools for modeling of soils and analysis of geotechnical engineering problems, especially for cases where the behavior is too complex and conventional models are unable to effectively describe various aspects of the behavior. It is also recognized that these techniques are complementary to conventional soil models rather than a substitute to them.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.353-357
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• 2015

A new SPICE-compatible model for a gate/body-tied PMOSFET photodetector (GBT PD) with an overlapping control gate is presented. The proposed SPICE-compatible model of a GBT PD with an overlapping control gate makes it possible to control the photocurrent. Research into GBT PD modeling was proposed previously. However, the analysis and simulation of GBT PDs is not lacking. This SPICE model concurs with the measurement results, and it is simpler than previous models. The general GBT PD model is a hybrid device composed of a MOSFET, a lateral bipolar junction transistor (BJT), and a vertical BJT. Conventional SPICE models are based on complete depletion approximation, which is more applicable to reverse-biased p-n junctions; therefore, they are not appropriate for simulating circuits that are implemented with a GBT PD with an overlapping control gate. The GBT PD with an overlapping control gate can control the sensitivity of the photodetector. The proposed sensor is fabricated using a $0.35{\mu}m$ two-poly, four-metal standard complementary MOS (CMOS) process, and its characteristics are evaluated.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.477-487
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• 2019

Understanding the behavior of skew bridges under the action of earthquakes is quite challenging due to the combined transverse and longitudinal responses even under unidirectional hit. The main goal of this research is to assess the response of skew bridges when subjected to longitudinal and transversal earthquake loading. The effect of skew on the response considering two- and three- span bridges with skew angles varying from 0 to 60 degrees is illustrated. Various pier fixities (and hence stiffness) and cross-section shapes, as well as different abutment's bearing articulations, are also studied. Finite-element models are established for modal and seismic analyses. Around 900 models are analyzed under the action of the code design response spectrum. $Vis-{\grave{a}}-vis$ modal properties, the higher the skew angle, the less the fundamental period. In addition, it is found that bridges with skew angles less than 30 degrees can be treated as straight bridges for the purpose of calculating modal mass participation factors. Other monitored results are bearings' reactions at abutments, shear and torsion demand in piers, as well as deck longitudinal displacement. Unlike straight bridges, it has been typically noted that skew bridges experience non-negligible torsion and bi-directional pier base shears. In a complementary effort to assess the accuracy of the conducted response spectrum analysis, a series of time-history analyses are applied under seven actual earthquake records scaled to match the code design response spectrum and critical comparisons are performed.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.69.3-69.3
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• 2019

The CHIMPS2 survey is to extend the JCMT HARP $^{13}CO/C^{18}O$ J=3-2 Inner Milky-Way Plane Survey (CHIMPS) and the ${12}^CO$ J=3-2 survey (COHRS) into the inner Galactic Plane, the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ), and a section of the Outer Plane. When combined with the complementary $^{12}CO/^{13}CO/C^{18}O$ J=1-0 survey at the Nobeyama 45m (FUGIN) at matching 15" resolution and sensitivity, and other current CO surveys, the results will provide a complete set of transition data with which to calculate accurate column densities, gas temperatures and turbulent Mach numbers. These will be used to: analyze molecular cloud properties across a range of Galactic environments; map the star-formation efficiency (SFE) and dense-gas mass fraction (DGMF) in molecular gas as a function of position in the Galaxy and its relation to the nature of the turbulence within molecular clouds; determine Galactic structure as traced by molecular gas and star formation; constrain cloud-formation models; study the relationship of filaments to star formation; test current models of the gas kinematics and stability in the Galactic center region and the flow of gas from the disc. It will also provide an invaluable legacy data set for JCMT that will not be superseded for several decades. In this poster, we will present the current status of the CHIMPS2.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.68.3-69
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• 2020

We develop a series of N-body data challenges, functional to the final analysis of the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) Data Release 16 (DR16) galaxy sample, primarily based on high-fidelity catalogs constructed from the Outer Rim simulation. We generate synthetic galaxy mocks by populating Outer Rim halos with a variety of halo occupation distribution (HOD) schemes of increasing complexity, spanning different redshift intervals. We then assess the performance of three complementary redshift space distortion (RSD) models in configuration and Fourier space, adopted for the analysis of the complete DR16 eBOSS sample of Luminous Red Galaxies (LRGs). We find that all the methods are mutually consistent, with comparable systematic errors on the Alcock-Paczynski parameters and the growth of structure, and robust to different HOD prescriptions - thus validating the robustness of the models and the pipelines used for the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) and full shape clustering analysis. Our study is relevant for the final eBOSS DR16 'consensus cosmology', as the systematic error budget is informed by testing the results of analyses against these high-resolution mocks. In addition, it is also useful for future large-volume surveys, since similar mock-making techniques and systematic corrections can be readily extended to model for instance the DESI galaxy sample.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.496-500
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• 2015

International construction projects are inherently more risky than domestic projects with multi-dimensional uncertainties that require complementary risk management at both the country and project levels. However, despite a growing need for systematic country evaluations, most studies have focused on project-level decisions and lack country-based approaches for firms in the construction industry. Accordingly, this study suggests data-driven approaches for evaluating countries using two quantitative models. The first is a two-stage country segmentation model that not only screens negative countries based on country attractiveness (macro-segmentation) but also identifies promising countries based on the level of past project performance in a given country (micro-segmentation). The second is a multi-criteria country segmentation model that combines a firm's business objective with the country evaluation process based on Kraljic's matrix and fuzzy preference relations (FPR). These models utilize not only secondary data from internationally reputable institutions but also performance data on Korean firms from 1990 to 2014 to evaluate 29 countries. The proposed approaches enable firms to enhance their decision-making capacity for evaluating and selecting countries at the early stage of corporate strategy development.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.397-416
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• 2000

The present study deals with the nonlinear dynamics and stability of autonomous dissipative either imperfect potential (limit point) systems or perfect (bifurcational) non-potential ones. Through a fully nonlinear dynamic analysis, performed on two simple 2-DOF models corresponding to the classes of systems mentioned above, and with the aid of basic definitions of the theory of nonlinear dynamical systems, new important phenomena are revealed. For the first class of systems a third possibility of postbuckling dynamic response is offered, associated with a point attractor on the prebuckling primary path, while for the second one the new findings are chaos-like (most likely chaotic) motions, consecutive regions of point and periodic attractors, series of global bifurcations and point attractor response of always existing complementary equilibrium configurations, regardless of the value of the nonconservativeness parameter.