• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2020

도로교통 소음은 주요 민원의 대상이 되고 있다. 다공성 포장은 도로교통 소음에 효과적인 방안으로 제안되었지만 정량적인 평가의 부족으로 인해 많이 적용되지는 않았다. 본 연구에서는 단층 다공성 포장과 복층 다공성 포장의 소음저감 성능을 평가하였다. 소음은 CPX 방법으로 측정되었으며, 주행 속도는 50km/h부터 80km/h까지 10km/h마다 측정하였다. 분석을 통해 복층 다공성 포장과 단층 다공성 포장의 소음 수준은 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. 도로포장 소음수준은 포장 유형에 관계없이 주행 속도에 비례했으며, 주행 속도는 두 포장의 소음 차이에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 복층 다공성 포장은 단층 다공성 포장에 비해 평균 6.6dB (A), 95% 신뢰수준에서 6.3dB(A) 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 도로교통 소음을 5dB(A) 저감한다는 것은 교통량을 1/3로 줄이거나 차량의 속도를 1/2로 낮추는 것에 상당한다. 감각적으로도 3dB(A)의 차이에서 변화의 인지가 가능하고 5dB(A)의 차이에서는 명확한 변화인지가 가능하다. 일반포장에 비해 3dB(A)의 교통소음을 저감하는 단층 다공성 포장보다도 6dB(A) 이상을 추가로 저감하는 복층 다공성 포장은 교통소음 저감에 매우 효과적인 공법이다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2005

Objective : To elucidate the correlates of self-rated fatigue in Korean employees. Methods : The data for 10,176 (men, 7,984; women, 2,192; mean age, 34.2; SD: 8.8) employees recruited from a nationwide sample were examined. A structured questionnaire was used to measure the participants' fatigue, sociodemographics (sex, age, education, and marital status), job-related characteristics (work duration, grade at work, work hours, shiftwork, employment type, and magnitude of workplace), and health-related habits (smoking, drinking, coffee intake, and exercise). Two types of measurement for fatigue were used to evaluate the magnitude of fatigue: self-rated question and a standardized measurement tool (Multidimensional Fatigue Scale: MFS). Results : According to the self-rated fatigue, 32% of employees reported that they felt fatigue for the past two weeks, and 9.6% of males and 8.7% of females had experienced excessive fatigue (6 months or more). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that fatigue measured by MFS was more common in women, younger, college or more graduated, single, and employees who do not regularly exercise. Fatigue was also associated with long work hours, and the size of the workplace (<1,000 employees). Conclusions : These results suggest that fatigue has been considered as a common complaint, and that it is affected by job-related factors like work hours and the workplace size as well as sociodemographics or health-related behaviors. Further research is needed to clarify the effects of fatigue on adverse health outcomes, work performance, work disability, sick absence and medical utilization, and to examine the relationship of job characteristics (e.g.: work demand, decision latitude) to fatigue.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.127-132
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• 2003

Objectives: The best treatment for the malignant parotid tumor still remains to be defined, and a better knowledge about the tumor features that predict the treatment result is needed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the treatment outcomes and to suggest the optimal treatment modality for the parotid cancer. Materials and Methods: The clinicopathologic characteristics of 113 patients who were treated for parotid cancer from January 1990 to December 2002 were retrospectively analysed. Univalate analyses were performed to establish the prognostic influence of pateint age, gender, tumor size, histologic grade and lymph node metastasis. Results: The mean age was 46.4 years old (15-81 years) and. The male to female ratio was 1 : 1.1. The chief complaint was a palpable mass in 85%, pain was in 12.4% and facial nerve palsy was accompanied with 2.7%. The mean tumor size was 3.5cm in diameter. The most common malignant tumor was mucoepidermoid carcinoma (33.6%), followed by acinic cell carcinoma (15%), adenoid cystic carcinoma (11%), carcinoma expleomorhpic adenoma (11%), basal cell carcinoma (7%). The most common operative procedure was total parotidectomy (47.8%) and various types of cervical lymph node dissection were added in 69.9%. Postoperative radiotherapy was done in 61.1 %. Postoperative complications developed in 54 cases (47.8%), including 46 cases (40.7%) of facial nerve palsy and 9 cases (8%) of Frey's syndrome. Recurrences developed in 21 cases (18.6%) and deaths in 15 (13.3%). Cumulative survival at 5 year was 75.4%. Univariate analysis of clinical factors showed that histologic grade and positive cervical lymph node significantly influenced survival (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results suggests that the radical resection with lymph node dissection and postopertaive XRT would be necessary to improve the survival of the patients with high grade cancer or positive lymphnode metastasis.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.651-660
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of the study is to investigate clinical skill proficiency in core dental hygiene competency in dental hygienists. Methods: The study subjects were 208 dental hygienists in Seoul and Gyeonggido. A complete self-reported questionnaire was filled out by 171 dental hygienists. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects, assessment of core dental hygiene competency, implementation of core dental hygiene competency, and education of core dental hygiene competency. Data were analyzed by PASW Statistics 18.0 to carry out a frequency analysis, one-way ANOVA and Pearson's correlation. Results: Chief complaint confirmation($4.08{\pm}0.91$), scaling (ultrasonic scaler)($4.36{\pm}0.88$), and toothbrushing education($4.35{\pm}0.86$) were found to be the most important in the areas of dental hygiene assessment, implementation, and education, respectively. In dental hygiene education, statistically significant differences were identified by 'level of education,' 'working career,' 'type of workplace,' 'department,' and 'main task.' Conclusions: Respondents were found to think that their level of proficiency should be above average for most jobs. Proficiency in core competency was shown to be different according to 'general characteristics of dental hygienists,' 'type of workplace,' and 'department.'

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2013

PURPOSE : Club dance is one of the most popular cultures worldwide and is getting popular in Korea over time. However, club still has negative awareness in the country due to the media spreading only harmful aspects of club culture. At any rate, nowadays many young aged people can easily have chances to experience clubs so we tried to find out the bad effects caused by clubs. METHOD : We conducted a survey and the number of participants who agreed to participate in this survey was 500, including both men and women. There are a total of 50 questions in the questionnaire form used by this study and the questions were divided into three categories: general(18), psychologic-related(7), social-cultural(9), and physical-related(16) questions. Data collected for this study was analyzed via frequency analysis using SPSS. RESULT : In our survey, most students who had already experienced the club culture tend to go to club once or twice a month, and they answered that they would feel bored if they were nor able to do so. In terms of social life, most respondents said that they had lower efficiency in working and studying the next day after going to clubs because of fatigue. In physical aspect, club users use then pelvis and lower back a lot while dancing. The respondents answered that they experienced muscle soreness, a loss in weight, and changes in their body as a consequence of intense dancing. They complaint pain mostly in lower limbs, so we could find out the fact that legs were primarily used for the club dance. CONCLUSION : To sum up, the club culture in undergraduate students affects on their daily living and body, and also has good effects as well as bad ones. Therefore, we need to look at the club culture positively and to improve bad effects of club culture.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.61-78
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the current characteristics of outpatients with postpartum disease and provide a treatment instruction in the clinical field. Methods: To analyze characteristics of outpatients with postpartum disease, We searched medical records from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017 using Z34 (Supervision of normal pregnancy), O94 (Sequelae of complication of pregnancy), U327 (産後風) and 388 postpartum patients were analyzed. Results: 1. The general characteristics of the subjects are as follows. The average age was $33.73{\pm}3.62$ years old, 356 (91.75%) patients are full term pregnancy, 201 (51.81%) patients are first delivery, 79 (20.36%) patients had past history of abortion and 63 (16.24%) patients had past history of gynecologic disease. 2. The most subjects visited in April (10.31%). The mean duration from delivery date to visiting date was $131.5{\pm}214.6$ days. The mean number of visits after the initial visit was $1.91{\pm}1.7$. 3. The characteristics related with pregnancy and delivery are as follows. The number of subjects taken assisted reproductive technology was 19 (4.9%) and suffering from gestational disease was 28 (7.22%). The mean body weight difference between full term pregnancy and visiting date was $-8.24{\pm}3.57kg$. The number of subjects discharging lochia on visiting date was 167 (43.04%) and breastfeeding was 262 (67.53%). 4. The most chief complaint was arthralgia in 217 (55.93%) followed by general weakness, cold sensation, edema, sweating disorder, dizziness, lower abdominal pain, digestion disorder, heat sensation, defecation disorder and urination disorder. 5. The most accompanied symptom was arthralgia in 322 (82.99%), followed by sleep disorder, cold sensation, general weakness, sweating disorder, defecation disorder, edema, dizziness, digestion disorder, urination disorder, lower abdominal pain and heat sensation. 6. A total of 356 subjects were taken herbal medicine. The most prescribed herbal medicine to subjects was Gungguijohyeol-eum-gamibang (29.59%). Conclusions: These results could be helpful to diagnose and treat postpartum patients in Korean gynecologic clinical fields.

• Asian Spine Journal
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.1043-1052
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• 2018

Study Design: Level III retrospective cross-sectional study. Purpose: To define and characterize the presentation, symptom duration, and patient/surgical risk factors associated with 'post-decompressive neuropathy (PDN).' Overview of Literature: PDN is characterized by lower extremity radicular pain that is 'different' from pre-surgical radiculopathy or claudication pain. Although it is a common constellation of postoperative symptoms, PDN is incompletely characterized and poorly understood. We hypothesize that PDN is caused by an intraoperative neuropraxic event and may develop early (within 30 days following the procedure) or late (after 30 days following the procedure) within the postoperative period. Methods: Patients who consented to undergo lumbar laminectomy with or without an instrumented fusion for degenerative lumbar spine disease were followed up prospectively from July 2013 to December 2014. Relevant data were extracted from the charts of the eligible patients. Patient demographics and surgical factors were identified. Patients completed postoperative questionnaires 3 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively. Questions were designed to characterize the postoperative pain that differed from preoperative pain. A diagnosis of PDN was established if the patient exhibited the following characteristics: pain different from preoperative pain, leg pain worse than back pain, a non-dermatomal pain pattern, and nocturnal pain that often disrupted sleep. A Visual Analog Scale was used to monitor the pain, and patients documented the effectiveness of the prescribed pain management modalities. Patients for whom more than one follow-up survey was missed were excluded from analysis. Results: Of the 164 eligible patients, 118 (72.0%) completed at least one follow-up survey at each time interval. Of these eligible patients, 91 (77.1%) described symptoms consistent with PDN. Additionally, 75 patients (82.4%) described early-onset symptoms, whereas 16 reported symptoms consistent with late-onset PDN. Significantly more female patients reported PDN symptoms (87% vs. 69%, p=0.03). Patients with both early and late development of PDN described their leg pain as an intermittent, constant, burning, sharp/stabbing, or dull ache. Early PDN was categorized more commonly as a dull ache than late-onset PDN (60% vs. 31%, p=0.052); however, the difference did not reach statistical significance. Opioids were significantly more effective for patients with early-onset PDN than for those with late-onset PDN (85% vs. 44%, p=0.001). Gabapentin was most commonly prescribed to patients who cited no resolution of symptoms (70% vs. 31%, p=0.003). Time to symptom resolution ranged from within 1 month to 1 year. Patients' symptoms were considered unresolved if symptoms persisted for more than 1 year postoperatively. In total, 81% of the patients with early-onset PDN reported complete symptom resolution 1 year postoperatively compared with 63% of patients with late-onset PDN (p=0.11). Conclusions: PDN is a discrete postoperative pain phenomenon that occurred in 77% of the patients who underwent lumbar laminectomy with or without instrumented fusion. Attention must be paid to the constellation and natural history of symptoms unique to PDN to effectively manage a self-limiting postoperative issue.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.173-182
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 혼합치열기 초기에 III급 부정교합을 보이는 어린이에서 수직성장을 유도하는 III급 고무줄을 걸 수있도록 고안된 구강내 가철식장치를 사용하여 반대교합을 치료시, 그 구체적인 치료기간을 알아보고, 이에 영향을 주는 변수를 확인하는 것이다. 본 소아치과에 III급 부정교합을 주소로 내원하여 구강내 가철식 장치로 치료를 완료한 56명의 환자를 대상으로 치료개시 연령, 치료기간 및 치료유형, 수평피개량, 수직피개량 등의 자료를 수집하였다. 환자군의 교정개시 연령은 8.75세이었고, 교합이 넘어갈때까지 3.31개월, 이후 정상 피개까지 1.90개월이 소요되어, 대부분이 개시 6개월 이내에 개선되었다. 전체 치료기간은 21.79개월이었고 환자의 협조도(p = 0.000)와 고정식 교정장치의 여부(p = 0.032)가 치료기간에 유의하게 영향을 주었다. 결론적으로 본 연구의 가철식장치는 수년간 장시간 장착하며 악정형력을 주는 구강외 장치에 비해서 그 치료기간이 6개월 이내로 짧으며, 혼합치열기 III급 부정교합 어린이에서 효과적으로 이용할 수 있다.

• 대한응급의학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.679-686
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• 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with the admission of patients in the emergency department (ED) within 30 days after discharge. Methods: A retrospective, observational study was conducted on adult patients presenting with abdominal pain to the ED of a single, urban, university hospital, between January 2014 and December 2015, who revisited the ED within 30 days after discharge. Data was collected on the emergency severity index level, time to contact doctors, physical examination, laboratory tests, use of computed tomography (CT), and patient disposition on revisitation. The primary outcome was hospital admission following an ED revisit in the 30-day period after the first visit. Results: During the study period, 19,480 patients visited the ED with the chief complaint of abdominal pain, and 13,577 were discharged. A total of 251 patients (1.29%) revisited the ED within 30 days, of which 89 were eligible for the study. The primary outcome was associated with not performing a CT scan on the initial visit and an increased C-reactive protein (CRP) value. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that a cut-off baseline CRP value of >0.35 mg/dL can predict the primary outcome with a sensitivity and specificity of 75% and 62.1%, respectively (area under the curve, 0.701; 95% confidence interval, 0.569-0.833; P=0.007). Conclusion: An increased CRP value and not performing abdominal CT were associated with a higher rate of admission following ED revisits of patients with abdominal pain. Future prospective studies on the role of abdominal CT imaging in patients presenting to the ED with abdominal pain will be needed.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.510-531
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to review the status of numeric rating scale (NRS) usage and suggest the potential for use in multicenter retrospective studies of various diseases. Methods: Articles published from 2011 to 2021 that used the keywords "NRS", "Multi-center", and "RCT" were identified in foreign databases, including EMBASE, PubMed, CENTRAL. The articles were analyzed according to their use of "NRS" by symptoms and by disease group using the major classifications of the Korean Standard Classification of Diseases (KCD-7). Results: Classification by symptom in a total of 288 articles illustrates that the NRS was not only commonly used in pain evaluation but also for non-pain symptoms. In usage with non-pain symptoms, chief complaint of patients was the most common at 79%, and other factors included treatment satisfaction, evaluation of daily life, and sleep quality. In disease classification according to the KCD-7, the NRS was commonly used in connection with musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases but was also utilized in various other disease groups. Conclusions: This study confirms usage of the NRS in multi-center RCTs, as the NRS was widely used in all types of diseases and symptoms. Considering the result and the advantages of the NRS, it is recommended for use as a daily evaluation tool for the collection of common data in multicenter retrospective studies.