• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.407-413
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• 2011

Effect of dietary protein and lipid levels on compensatory growth of juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) was determined in suboptimal temperature ($13.4{\pm}1.42^{\circ}C$). Five hundred forty fish averaging 79.2 g were randomly distributed into 27 of 300 L flow-through tanks (20 fish/tank). Nine treatments were prepared in triplicate: fish were hand-fed with control (C) diet for 10 weeks (10WF-C); four fish groups were starved for 1 week and then fed with C, high protein (HP), high lipid (HL) and combined high protein and high lipid (HPL) diets for 9 weeks, referred to as 9WF-C, 9WF-HP, 9WF-HL, 9WF-HPL, respectively; and other four fish groups were starved for 2 weeks and then fed with C, HP, HL and HPL diets for 8 weeks, referred to as 8WF-C, 8WF-HP, 8WF-HL and 8WF-HPL, respectively. Weight gain and specific growth rate of fish in 9WF-HP, 9WF-HPL, 8WF-HP and 8WF-HPL treatments were higher than those of fish in 9WF-HL and 8WF-HL treatments. Feed efficiency of fish in 8WF-HP treatment was higher than that of fish in 9WF-C, 9WF-HL and 8WF-HL treatments. Protein efficiency ratio of fish in 10WF-C, 8WF-C, 8WF-HP and 8WF-HPL treatments was higher that that of fish in 9WF-HL and 8WF-HL treatments. Juvenile olive flounder subjected to 2-week feed deprivation could achieve full compensatory growth with dietary supplementation of protein or combined high protein and high lipid.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.57-61
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• 2013

I hypothesized that the manipulation of dietary nutrient contents including phosphorous could affect compensatory growth of juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Thirty fish averaging 34.8 g per tank were randomly chosen and distributed into 15 flow-through 180-L tanks. Three experimental diets were prepared: the control (C) diet, high protein and lipid (HPL) diet, and HPL diet with supplementation of calcium phosphate-monobasic (HPLP). Five treatments were prepared in triplicate: fish were hand-fed daily with the C diet twice a day for 8 weeks (C-8W); fish were starved for 1 week, and then fed with the HPL or HPLP diets twice a day for 7 weeks, and referred to as HPL-7W and HPLP-7W, respectively; and fish were starved for 2 weeks, and then fed with the HPL or HPLP diets twice a day for 6 weeks, and referred to as HPL-6W and HPLP-6W, respectively. The body weight of fish with C-8W, HPL-7W and HPLP-7W treatments was higher than fish with HPL-6W and HPLP-6W treatments on week 2, 4 and 6 after an initiation of the trial. At the end of the 8-week trial, fish with HPLP-7W and HPL-7W treatments overcompensated, as compared to fish with C-8W treatment. Full compensation was not achieved in fish subjected to the 2-week feed deprivation (HPL-6W and HPLP-6W treatments). Overall feed intake by fish was proportional to weeks of feeding. Feed conversion ratio of fish with HPLP-7W, HPL-6W and HPLP-6W treatments was higher than fish with C-8W treatment. The study showed that dietary supplementation of protein and lipid resulted in overcompensation of juvenile olive flounder subjected to a 1-week feed deprivation, but not a 2-week feed deprivation. Additionally, dietary supplementation of phosphorous did not further improve compensatory growth of fish.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.213-231
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• 2005

Assignable causes producing temporary deviation from the underlying system can influence on process adjustment and process monitoring in dynamic feedback control system. In this paper, the influence of assignable causes on EWMA forecasts and compensatory variables are derived for a dynamic feedback control system. An example is presented to confirm the impact numerically through the analysis of a data.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.89-103
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• 2020

개인이 통제력을 갖고자 하는 것은 기본적인 욕구이다. 따라서 통제력을 상실하는 무력감을 느낄 때, 사람들은 이러한 상태를 벗어나고자 보상행동을 보이게 된다. 현재까지 무력감을 보상하고자 하는 보상행동으로는 제품이나 브랜드를 통한 보상소비행동이 주로 연구되어 왔으나, 본 연구는 소셜 미디어 속 보상행동에 초점을 맞추었다. 최근 자아 표현을 자유롭게 표현할 수 있는 소셜 미디어가 자아 확장의 플랫폼이 되면서 심리적 무력감을 소셜 미디어의 자아 표현을 통해 해소할 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였다. 따라서 무력감을 느낀 사람들이 소셜 미디어에서 어떠한 보상행동을 보이는지 본 연구를 통해 확인하고자 하였다. 분석결과, 소비자의 무력감이 소셜 미디어상에서의 나르시즘적 자아표현에 직접적 영향을 미치고 있지는 않지만, 불안감에 의해 완전 매개되는 것으로 도출되었다. 심리적 무력감을 느낀 경험을 회상하도록 한 실험 집단에서는 불안감을 많이 느낄수록, 자신의 소셜 미디어에 사회적 권력이나 권위를 보여줄 수 있는 대상(브랜드 혹은 상황)이 보여지는 사진을 게시함으로써 나르시즘적 자아 표현을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 소비자가 사회적으로 무력감을 경험하게 될 때, 이로 인해 불안감이 형성되면, 소셜 미디어상에서 자신을 좀 더 나은 이미지, 주목받는 이미지로 보이기 위한 나르시즘적 자아표현과 같은 보상소비가 일어나는 결과를 확인하였다. 소셜미디어내에서 나타나는 나르시즘적 자아표현이 다른 사람의 행복에 미치는 부정적 영향에 대한 연구는 현재 많이 진행되고 있다. 하지만 소셜미디어를 통해 자아를 표출함으로써 부정적 감정상태를 해소할 수 있다는 본 연구의 결과는 지식경영 측면에서 볼 때, 소셜 미디어 사용자의 전반적인 삶의 질 향상에 기여할 수 있는 전략의 기반을 제공할 수 있다는 점에서 의의를 지닌다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.125-133
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• 2008

To investigate the effect of repeated food deprivation and refeeding on the hyperphagia, compensatory growth, feed efficiency, body composition, hepatosomatic index (HSI), and survival rate of the juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, an experiment was conducted for 90 days. Feeding treatments consisted of the following five regimes for 90 days from August to October, 2005: C: daily satiation feeding (control), S1: 1-day satiation feeding after 1-day food deprivation, S2: 1-day satiation feeding after 2-day food deprivation, S3: 1-day satiation feeding after 3-day food deprivation and S4: 1-day satiation feeding after 4-day food deprivation, respectively. Although the monthly feed intake (MFI) of the control was significantly higher than that of all of the starved groups, the daily feed intake (DFI) was more higher in S1, S2, and S3 than that in the control as a result of hyperphagia after starvation. While the feed efficiency in the summer (to day 30) decreased in all of the starved groups with prolongation of the starvation period, the feed efficiency in the autumn (to day 90) was increased with prolongation of the starvation period. The whole body proximate composition and HSI were also affected by starvation. The crude protein, lipid, and HSI decreased with prolongation of the starvation period, whereas the crude ash and moisture increased. The growth rate and condition factor also decreased in proportion to the starvation period. The survival rate was highest in the control and was the lowest in S4. In this study, although hyperphagia occurred in the deprived groups, we knew that the compensatory growth did not always occur.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.1585-1591
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• 2001

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of early feed restriction on growth, fat accumulation and meat composition in unsexed broiler chickens. Five hundred 7-day old unsexed broiler chickens were distributed into ten treatment groups with 5 pens of 10 broilers each group. One group was fed ad libitum as the control group and other nine groups were fed 25% ad libitum for 3, 6 or 9 days, 50% ad libitum for 3, 6 or 9 days, and 75% ad libitum for 3, 6 or 9 days, respectively. Thereafter, they were fed ad libitum to 56 days of age. The present results showed that broilers showed compensatory growth when they were restrict-refed. Feed conversion ratio was significantly lower in broilers fed 25% ad libitum for 9 days (p<0.05). Triglyceride concentration of serum was significantly lower in restricted unsexed broilers (p <0.01), whereas cholesterol concentration was not significantly different. Abdominal fat was significantly lower in broilers fed 25% ad libitum for 9 days, 50% ad libitum for 3 days and 75% ad libitum for 6 or 9 days (p<0.05). Moisture and protein contents of meats were not significantly affected. Ash content of meat was significantly higher in restricted broilers. Fat content of meat was lower in broilers fed 25% ad libitum for 9 days, 75% ad libitum for 3 to 9 days. In conclusion, broilers showed compensatory growth when they were restrict-refed at an early age. In order to achieve the success of early feed restriction (namely reduce fat accumulation and improve feed conversion ratio with comparable body weight at market age), unsexed broilers should be fed at level of 25 ad libi=tum for 9 days starting at 7 days of age.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.435-446
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• 2000

Statistical process control(SPC) and engineering process control(EPC) are two strategies for quality improvement that have been developed independently. EPC seeks to minimize variability by adjusting compensatory variables in order to make the process level close to the target, while SPC seeks to reduce variability by monitoring and eliminating causes of variation. One purpose of this paper is to propose the IMA(0,1,1) model as the in-control process model. For the out-of-control process model we consider two cases; one is the case with a step shift in the level, and the other is the case with a change in the nonstationarity. Another purpose is to suggest the use of an integrated process control procedure with adjustment and monitoring, which can consider the proposed process model effectively. An integrated control procedure will improve the process control activity significantly for cases of the proposed model, when compared to the procedure of using either EPC or SPC, since EPC will keep the process close to the target and SPC will eliminate special causes.

• 아동학회지
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• 제1권
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• pp.65-81
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• 1980

This study is aimed at investigating the compensatory education which was already implemented or is being implemented in the U.S.A. and Japan; and at studying the types of programs and their characteristics; and at sounding out the possibilities of the application of such programs in family and social conditions is Korea. In order to achieve the above mentioned objectives, the established items for the study are as follows: (1) Various types of early children's education (2) Programs of compensatory education for the disadvantaged Children (3) Head Start Program, Early Training Project and Montessori School (4) Integrated Preschool Programs (5) Day-Care Center for employed mothers We investigated the various compensatory education programs for the preschool children who are in economically, socially, culturally disadvantaged conditions. Head Start Programs were federally supported programs for preschool children and opened as summer programs in 1965 for the first time. The purpose of Head Start has been to give preschool children the kinds of experiences they need in preparation for school. The Head Start children were found to be significantly better prepared for school than the normal children. However, after six to eight months, their initial advantages had virtually. disappeared and then the simple problem with Head Start and other such programs was that little long-term good could be evidenced unless the high quality educational environment was maintained. Therefore, to solve this problem, three other programs were funded as part of the overall Head Start. These three programs are the Parent-Child Center, Home Start, and the Child and Family Resources Program. The Early Training Project for disadvantaged children was implemented by Klaus and Gray of Peabody College in 1962. The program was a field research study concerned with the development and testing over time of procedures for improving the educability of young children from low income homes. Its major concern was to study whether it was possible to offset the progressive retardation observed in the public schooling careers of children, living in deprived circumstances. Children, who were trained through the Early Training Project were superior to control groups in the test of IQ and vocabulary as well as linguistic abilities, and preparation for reading. This project showed the possibilities which could prevent preschool children from being disadvantaged socially, culturally and mentally. In 1907, Montessori School was established by Maria Montessori in Italy and her school program has been introduced at present to several countries in the world as one compensatory educations. She first began her experimental methods with retarded children, followed by disadvantaged children from the tenements of Rome. The Montessori approach futures a prepared environment and carefully designed, self-correcting materials. The Montessori curriculum presents tastes that feature sequence, order, and regularity, in addition to those that develop motor and sensory skills. She was interested in children's intellectual development and in developing good work habits. One of the latest developed programs for disadvantaged children is "Integrated Preschool Program" which has successfully integrated handicapped and nonhandicapped children. Several studies have showed that handicapped children in integrated school environments are accepted by and interact with their nonhandicapped peers. In fact, this program provides a number of potential, and perhaps opportunities for nonhandicapped children to serve as valuable resources in fostering the development of their handicapped peers. Next we turn to Japanese programs which are divided into two different types. One is Day-Care Center which was established by Child Welfare Law and the other is kindergarten organized by School Education Law. The kindergarten opened in 1876 and it has been part of school systems since 1947 by the implementation of education law, and the Day-Care Center which started in 1890 for the employed mothers. was changed into Day-Nursery by the enactment of child welfare law in 1947. The laws and operational regulations for the Day-Nursery were set up and were put in effect by the establishment standard acts of children welfare facilities, and the Day-Nursery has been operated in various types by the increasing demand, chiefly because of the socio-economical changes of family structures in both urban and suburban areas. Nursery education for physically and mentally disadvantaged children is for those who are blind, deaf and dumb, mentally retarded; physically disadvantaged by accidents or diseases. Montessori education in Japan was started in 1968 and many research groups for studying Montessori were organized. In 1977, Montessori remedial education society was also organized in which they started a number of studies; a study for developing materials; in-service training for the remedial education; and seminars and lectures, etc It is strongly suggested that we study the early educations that are being implemented in Japan and a variety of compensatory educations that were already implemented in the U.S.A. and modify them for the organization of our own model and properly accommodate them to our social needs.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1991년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국제학술편); KOEX, Seoul; 22-24 Oct. 1991
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• pp.1910-1914
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• 1991

In the continuous casting process, mold level fluctuation Is the major cause of the surface and sub-surface defects. In the No.3 bloom continuous caster at Kobe Works, we ensured that the major cause of mold level fluctuation was mechanical hysteresis which existed in the driving system of mold level control. Moreover, we found out that it was possible to greatly Improve the stability of mold level by estimating this mechanical hysteresis and compensating It on-line. As a result of applying a new level control system based on this method, we got accurate control over good stability.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.773-788
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• 2000

Statistical process control (SPC) and engineering process control (EPC) are based on different strategies for processes quality improvement. SPC reduces process variability by detecting and eliminating special causes of process variation. while EPC reduces process variability by adjusting compensatory variables to keep the quality variable close to target. Recently there has been needs for a process control proceduce which combines the tow strategies. This paper considers a combined scheme which simultaneously applies SPC and EPC techniques to reduce the variation of a process. The process model under consideration is an integrated moving average(IMA) process with a step shift. The EPC part of the scheme adjusts the process back to target at every fixed monitoring intervals, which is referred to a repeated adjustment scheme. The SPC part of the scheme uses an exponentially weighted moving average(EWMA) of observed deviation from target to detect special causes. A Markov chain model is developed to relate the scheme's expected cost per unit time to the design parameters of he combined control scheme. The expected cost per unit time is composed of off-target cost, adjustment cost, monitoring cost, and false alarm cost.