• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.73-79
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• 2022

In this study, real fire tests were performed on representative combustibles of residential facilities to analyze the fire behavior and combustion characteristics in a small residential space. The considered combustibles were a sofa, a combination of a desk and a chair, and a combination of a mattress and an electric mat. A compartment space fire test was performed using the room corner test equipment prescribed in the KS F ISO 9705 specification. Three real fire tests were conducted by placing the combustible material inside a small compartment with insulation and finishing materials and by igniting the combustible material. Results showed that the peak heat release rate and peak smoke production rate occurred in the combination of the mattress and electric mat. Furthermore, from the result of the fire rate analysis, it was estimated that the fire risk of the mattress and electric mat combination was the highest, followed by the sofa and thedesk and chair combination.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.23-29
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• 2014

The present study has been conducted to investigate the validity of the computational fire model and the results predicted by BRANZFIRE zone model and FDS field model are compared with a real scale fire test with spray fire in a multi-compartment. The liquid spray fires fueled with toluene and methanol are used as the fire source and the quantitative measurement of heat release rate is performed in an isolated ISO-9705 compartment with a standard door opening. The temperature field predicted by FDS model showed good agreement with the measurement in the fire room and the corridor, and BRANZFIRE model also gave acceptable result in spite of its simplicity and roughness. The mean temperature predicted by FDS model corresponds with measurement within maximum discrepancy range of 25% and the overall mean value of FDS model matched well with experimental data less than 10%. This study can contribute to establish the limitation and application scope of computational fire model and provide reference data for applying to reliable fire risk assessment.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.17-30
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• 1988

In Our Country, the fire safety design is done by the standard furnace fire test. This is haphazard procedure, as the standard furnace fire endurance of structural elements has little relation to the structural element endurance in an actual Compartment fire. The standard furnace fire test results, though obtained at great cost, do not contribute to the understanding of the behavior of structural elements in an elevated temperature environment and can not be applied rationally in fire safety design. The response of a steel and reinforced concrete structure in fire is a very complex problem. Therefore, in this paper is explained about tendency of study for fire safety design in advanced nations.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.310-323
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• 2018

In order to protect lives and prevent large-scale injuries in the event of a fire on a ship or an offshore plant, most classification societies are strengthening their fire resistance designs of relevant cargo holds and accommodation compartments to keep flames from being transferred from a fire point to other compartments. Particularly in critical compartments, where flames should not propagate for a certain period of time, such as the A60 class division, both the airtightness and fire-resistant design of a piece passing through a bulkhead are subject to the Safety of Life at Sea Convention (SOLAS) issued by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). In order to verify the suitability of a fire-resistant design for such a penetrating piece, the fire test procedure prescribed by the Maritime Safety Committee (MSC) must be carried out. However, a numerical simulation should first be conducted to minimize the time and cost of the fire resistance test. In this study, transient thermal analyses based on the finite element method were applied to investigate the heat transfer characteristics of a bulkhead penetration piece for the A60 class compartment. In order to determine a rational bulkhead penetration piece design, the transient heat transfer characteristics according to the variation of design parameters such as the diameter, length, and material were reviewed. The verification of the design specification based on a numerical analysis of the transient heat transfer performed in this study will be discussed in the following research paper for the actual fire protection test of the A60 class bulkhead penetration piece.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.44-51
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• 2014

In this study, the Mock-up office space experiments have been performed for the fire behavior analysis of the compartmented space used for the performance-based fire safety design of buildings. Mock-up test was conducted using the compartmented office space dimensions, which are 2.4 m wide, 3.6 m wide, and 2.4 m hight. Test was conducted with the combustible materials such as a desk, a chair, a computer ect. The fire load in the Mock-up office space was $18.74kg/m^2$. As a result, the temperature of the central compartment space to reach $600^{\circ}C$ were 394 to 408 s. The temperature of the corner near the entrance edge to reach $600^{\circ}C$ were 404 to 420 s. At this study, the temperature curve in the compartmented space has been predicted using the temperature data appling the BFD curve. The BFD curve factor based on the fire tests was determined by the maximum temperature of $900^{\circ}C$, 7 min to reach the maximum temperature, and the shape coefficient of 1.5. The initiating fire was rapidly increased to 9 min, and decreased.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.32-39
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• 2020

The fire compartments with fire-resistant construction are installed in the principal structural parts of a building in order to reduce damage in the event of a building fire. As a fire may spread through a crack in the fire compartment, the firestop with secured performance is used according to the procedure, methods, and standards specified in the detailed operation guideline. According to the current detailed operation guideline, vertical members (wall penetration) and horizontal members (floor penetration) are classified into different categories respective to each other for the classification of the firestop. Therefore, an accreditation applicant must apply for the performance test for each structure even if the wall and the floor have the same structure. Also, Grade T is used for the firestop that penetrates the fire compartment. However, in the case of foreign countries, the use of Grade F for the firestop is allowed even if it penetrates the fire compartment. The result of the precedent studies also showed that there was a significantly low possibility of fire to spread even if Grade F was applied for a metallic duct that penetrated the fire compartment. In this study, the improved scheme for the classification and performance standard of firestops was presented by analyzing the results of precedent studies regarding the firestop and domestic and overseas firestop qualification systems.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.28-33
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• 2018

To measure the full scale fire test and heat release rate of bed mattresses according to the building compartment space, a fire test was performed using the Standard test method to determine the heat release rate of mattresses and mattress sets (KS F ISO 12949: 2011). Both test locations showed similar fire growth until approximately 3 minutes after burner ignition. After 3 minutes, the heat release rate in the test room was higher than the open calorimeter. For bed mattresses (SS), the maximum heat release rate in the open calorimeter was 735 kW and the maximum heat release rate in the test room was 992 kW. For bed mattresses (Q), the heat release rate in the test room increased more rapidly than the open calorimeter. The maximum heat release rate in the open calorimeter was 1,087 kW (346 s) and the maximum heat release rate in the test room was 2,127 kW (287 s). The difference between the maximum heat release rate and the measurement time according to the test location was confirmed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.30-33
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• 1996

This paper presents the technical basis for hot smoke test intended to investigate the effectiveness of smoke ventilation system in both high-rise building and those containing atria and/or galleria. Smoke is particularly serious hazard in these building in which considerable time is required for complete evacuation. It is widely recognised that the effectiveness of large smoke ventilation system can be difficult to confirm by a critical analysis of the system design calculation. Thus a hot smoke test is recently introduced through the experiences of many attempts. Diffusion flames used for hot smoke test have a higher flame length, so that those can not be applied to small compartment. Therefore the objective of this paper is introducing the method of flame control which can be applied to any size of compartment

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.349-356
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• 2020

The heat release rate (HRR) and fire growth rate of fire for the solid combustibles consisting of multi-materials was measured through the ISO 9705 room corner test, and the computational analysis in a closed compartment was performed to simulate a fire using the heat release rate prediction model provided by a Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). The method of predicting the heat release rate provided by the FDS was divided into a simple model and a pyrolysis model. Each model was applied and computational analysis was performed under the same conditions. As the solid combustible consisting of multi-materials, a cinema chair composed mostly of PU foam, PP, and steel was selected. The simple model was over-predicted compared to the predicted heat release rate and fire growth rate using the pyrolysis model in a closed compartment.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.15-21
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• 2018

This study examined the flow characteristics of fire smoke under pressurized air ventilation conditions by carrying out fire simulations on multi-compartment enclosure, including room, ancillary room and stair case. Fire simulations were conducted for the air-leakage test facility, which was constructed to measure the effective leakage area and aimed to improve the understandings of fire and smoke movement by analyzing the overall behaviors of fire smoke flow and pressure distributions of each compartment. The simulation results showed that the heat release rate of the fires was controlled sensitively by the amount of air supplied by the ventilation system. An analysis of the velocity distributions between the room and ancillary room showed that fire smoke could be leaked to the ancillary room through the upper layer of the door, even under pressurized air supply conditions. From these results, it was confirmed that the fire size and spatial characteristics should be considered for the design and application of a smoke control system by a pressurized air supply.