• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.278-284
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• 2016

Software reliability in the software development process is an important issue. In infinite failure NHPP software reliability models, the fault occurrence rates may have constant, monotonic increasing or monotonic decreasing pattern. In this paper, infinite failures NHPP models that the situation was reflected for the fault occurs in the repair time, were presented about comparing property. Commonly, the software model of the infinite failures using the linear hazard rate distribution software reliability based on intercept parameter was used in business economics and actuarial modeling, was presented for comparison problem. The result is that a relatively large intercept parameter was appeared effectively form. The parameters estimation using maximum likelihood estimation was conducted and model selection was performed using the mean square error and the coefficient of determination. The linear hazard rate distribution model is also efficient in terms of reliability because it (the coefficient of determination is 90% or more) in the field of the conventional model can be used as an alternative model could be confirmed. From this paper, the software developers have to consider intercept parameter of life distribution by prior knowledge of the software to identify failure modes which can be able to help.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.156-165
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• 2013

This study examined how achievement of session goals contributes to outcomes of subjects after participation in a 12-week lifestyle intervention program in men with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Thirty office workers with MetS, aged $47.2{\pm}6.6$ years, participated in this study, from March to July, 2011. The intervention program included face-to-face counseling five times during the 12-week period. Counselors and subjects designed session goals for each round. The average of the goal achievement rate was calculated based on compliance for each round. The subjects were divided into three groups according to their tertiles of achievement rate: Low-compliance group (LC, < 59%), medium-compliance group (MC, 59-70%), and high-compliance group (HC, > 70%). Anthropometry, biochemical index, and nutrient intake were examined at baseline and at the end of the 12-week intervention program. After the intervention, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) showed a significant decrease in the LC group, and waist circumference (WC) showed a significant decrease in the MC group. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), DBP, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) showed a significant decrease in the HI group. Changes in SBP and DBP were significantly lower in the HC group than in the MC group (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). Changes in LDL were significantly lower in the HC group than in the MC group (p < 0.05). Results for intake of total energy, protein, fat, and sodium, as well as rates of carbohydrate and fat intake, showed a significant decrease in all participants (p < 0.05). The change in fiber was significantly higher in the HC group than in the MC group (p < 0.05). The change of fruit serving size showed a significant increase in the HC group (p < 0.01). The number of risk factors for MetS showed a significant decrease in the LC and HC groups (p < 0.05), however, no significant mean differences were observed among the three groups. In conclusion, participation in this intervention program resulted in positive effects on risk factors for MetS, nutrient intake, and dietary habits, especially in the High-compliance group.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.171-177
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• 2016

Software reliability in the software development process is an important issue. Software process improvement helps in finishing with reliable software product. Infinite failure NHPP software reliability models presented in the literature exhibit either constant, monotonic increasing or monotonic decreasing failure occurrence rates per fault. In this study, reliability software cost model considering shape parameter based on life distribution from the process of software product testing was studied. The cost comparison problem of the Lomax distribution reliability growth model that is widely used in the field of reliability presented. The software failure model was used the infinite failure non-homogeneous Poisson process model. The parameters estimation using maximum likelihood estimation was conducted. For analysis of software cost model considering shape parameter. In the process of change and large software fix this situation can scarcely avoid the occurrence of defects is reality. The conditions that meet the reliability requirements and to minimize the total cost of the optimal release time. Studies comparing emissions when analyzing the problem to help kurtosis So why Kappa efficient distribution, exponential distribution, etc. updated in terms of the case is considered as also worthwhile. In this research, software developers to identify software development cost some extent be able to help is considered.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.37-50
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• 1972

Another comparison of alveolar gas pressures, in a continuously rebreathing dog lung, with pulmonary arterial (mixed venous) blood, again showed alveolar pressures to be the higher for $CO_2$ and usually $O_2$ (positive ${\Delta}Pco_2$, and ${\Delta}Po_2$). ${\Delta}Pco_2$ was almost invariably positive, it was independant of time and of plasma pH changes produced by acid or bicarbonate infusion, but proportional to blood $CO_2$ level. It was seemingly little affected by the distribution or magnitude of blood flow nor did it result from failure of $CO_2$ equilibrium within the blood, but it did rise with carbonic anhydrase inhibition. ${\Delta}Po_2$ was more variable and sometimes negative, particularly at low blood flow rates. It seemed in dependant of time, and plasma pH changes, apart from an inverse relationship with that resulting from $CO_2$ changes. It existed despite considerable potential for gas exchange, and was unaffected by inhibition of the $CO_2$ reactions.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.44-52
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• 1980

Ionic dissociation rates of $\alpha$-chlorobenzyl ethyl ether in each solvent of toluene-$d_8$ and carbon tetrachloride were measured by the method of dynamic NMR spectroscopy. The spin system of these 1H NMR spectra was $AB_3$. The theoretical spectrum was calculated by computer simulation of dynamic NMR spectra, which agreed very well with observed spectra. From this computer simulation, the ionic dissociation rate constant k was obtained, and by Eyring plot with it, slope and intercept length was gained, from which kinetic parameters were calculated.The easiness of ionic dissociation depended upon solvent polarity. Activation enthalpy was 4.7 kcal/mole in toluene-$d_8$, 10.7 kcal/mole in carbon tetrachloride, and activation entropy was -35. 8 e.u. in toluene-$d_8$, -14.4 e.u. in carbon tetrachloride. It was understood that though the ${\Delta}H^{neq}$ value was small, this ionic dissociation had an easier procession in nonpolar solvents with increasing temperatures. Considering that the ionic dissociation could be thought as the first step of $S_N1$ mechanism, attention might be paid to the results that the value of ${\Delta}S^{neq}$ had a large negative value in comparison with a small ${\Delta}H^{neq}$.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.39 no.9
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• pp.761-772
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• 2015

Microfin tubes having an outside diameter (O.D.) of 7.0 mm are widely used in residential air conditioning systems and heat pumps. It is known that the mass fluxes for air conditioners and heat pumps under partial load conditions are several tens of $kg/m^2s$. However, literature surveys reveal that previous investigations were limited to mass flux over $100kg/m^2s$. In this study, we conduct R-410A evaporation heat-transfer tests at low mass fluxes ($50-250kg/m^2s$) using a 7.0 mm O.D. microfin tube. During the test, the saturation temperature was maintained at $8^{\circ}C$, and the heat flux was maintained at $4.0kW/m^2$. For comparison purposes, we also test a smooth tube with a 7.0 mm O.D. The results showed that the heat-transfer enhancement factor of the microfin tube increased as the mass flux decreased up to $150kg/m^2s$, which decreased as the mass flux further decreased. The reason for this was attributed to the change of the flow pattern from an annular flow to a stratified flow. Within the test range, the frictional pressure drops of the microfin tube were approximately the same as those of the smooth tube. We then compare experimental data obtained with the predictions obtained for the existing correlations.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.207-212
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• 1980

Growth rates of oysters at four oyster farms in Hansan-Geoje Bay, near Chungmu, southern Korea, and density-dependent relative shell growth were investigated from November 1979 to May 1980 with the following results: The oysters at Sorang farm showed the best growth, the shell height in May 1980 attaining 10.10 cm, at Hwado 8.69cm and Songdo 8.57cm, all of which started growing in June 1979. At Chubong the oysters which started growing in July attained 8.6cm. The best grown oysters at Sorang shelved relatively slow growth in meat weight until February 1980, and then showed rapid growth upto May. At Hwado and Songdo they grew fast from December 1979 to February 1950, and from April to May 1980. Those at Chubong gradually increased growth rate from December 1979, and in April and May they showed rapid growth but still being smaller than the others. The ratio of meat weight to shell weight increased at Whado, Songdo and Chuhong after December 1979, but at Sorang it increased rapidly after February 1980. The ratio of shell length to shell height was 0.60 and up when the individual number of oysters attached to each cultch-disc(oyster shell) was less than 13, 0.56 to 0.60 when 14 to 25, and 0.51 or less when over 28, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.648-655
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• 2016

As the FTAs' implementations are accelerated, an Ex-post assessment, such as an analysis of the tariff schedule and agricultural trade has been emerging as an important national issue for an agricultural sector Korea-EU FTA, which was to be implemented in the five years from July 2016 as one of the giant FTA. The purpose of this study was to determine the demand of an ex-post assessment on agricultural sector as a trade negotiation procedural law. In addition, by providing policy direction for the agricultural policy part requiring amendments and supplements through ex-post assessment, the conflicting arguments between agricultural and non-agricultural sector can be evaluated more objectively. The current evaluation method on the economic impact ex-post assessment of a FTA is generally compared using the change in trade balance before and after the time of FTA implementation. On the other hand, this comparison cannot be said to be the pure FTA effects and objective, tightening economic impact assessment of the FTA in all combined situations, such as the effects of exchange rates and international macroeconomic changes and climate change & occurrence of pests. Over the last 4 years, however, Korea-EU FTA's total accumulated agricultural GDP loss was measured to be 2,178 billion by these research attempts with dynamic analysis as ex-post assessment methodology. The greatest impact was mainly livestock and pork followed by cereals and vegetables. In addition, this research is expected to contribute to policy evaluations in the future.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.597-605
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• 2006

It is introduced that pit and fissure sealant is the most universal and effective to prevent occlusal dental caries. In processing of being applied the pit and fissure sealant, the various kinds of methods are developed to remove organic matters, plaque, microflora and debris in the pit and fissure for increasing the rates of maintain the sealant. Recently, the Er:YAG laser has been used as a new enamel surface treatment method. The purpose of this thesis is compared whether that enamel surface treatment method is superior to other methods or not. 1. 100mJ 5Hz Er:YAG lased enamel surface was similar to acid-etched enamel in SEM evaluation. 2, Mechanical preparation showed decreased microleakage when compared with acid-etching only, but no significant differences in both method. 3. After laser and acid-etching method showed decreased microleakage when compared with acid-etching only.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.121-127
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• 1993

The barley plant for whole crop forage is advantageous to have traits with higher photosynthetic rate, biomass, lodging resistance, and awnless spikes. The objective of this study is to investigate performance of near-isogenic line pairs for the awned and awnless in the field, and to observe the variations in photosynthetic rate, yield and their related traits under removal of flag leaf and awns. Grain yield was 6% higher, but biomass and photosynthetic rate were 6～16% and 6% lower in the awned line than those in the awnless grown in the field ,respectively. Defoliation of flag leaf resulted in approximately 3～4%, and 5～6% decreases in 1,000 kernels and grain weights, respectively. Deawning at the heading stage of the long awned line decreased 1,000 kernels and grain weights by 7% and 15%, respectively, The removal of both assimilative tissues caused 14 and 21% decrements in 1,000 kernels and grain weights. Apparent photosynthetic rate of leaf blade in awnless line was 6.1 -9. 7 $CO_2$$_2$ ${\mu}$mole $m^{-2}$ $s{-1}$, much higher than that in awned line. The relative rates in the second and third leaves were about 93% and 55～63%, respectively as compared with that in the flag leaf. The results of the experiments suggest that the awnless line selected for whole crop forage is a potential plant type with higher photosynthetic rate, leaf area and greater biomass.